OUmthombo we-angst usondele ekubeni yisihloko sesiginesha sika-2017: ukuthi i-inthanethi kanye nedlanzana lezinkampani ezibusayo kuthinta kanjani imiqondo yomuntu ngamunye kanye nesimanje nekusasa leplanethi. Umbono omdala wezwe eliku-inthanethi njenge-utopia ekhulayo ubukeka ufinyelele umvuthwandaba ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo yama-Arab, futhi usahlehla.
Uma ufuna ukuzwa ukuthi kungakanani osekushintshile, faka isithombe sikamongameli wase-US ebhala ku-Twitter ukucasuka kwakhe kwakamuva emahoreni amancane, futhi ucabangele amagama nemisho egcwele incazelo manje: Russia, bot, amapulazi ama-troll, ukuhlukunyezwa online, izindaba ezikhohlisayo, imali emnyama.
Olunye uphawu lokuthi izinto zishintshile kangakanani ubuso be-volte bomuntu onamandla kakhulu waseSilicon Valley. Esikhathini esingaphezu konyaka odlule umsunguli we-Facebook, uMark Zuckerberg, wayebonakala esajabule esigabeni sombuso wenkampani yakhe, ewuchitha ngokungananazi umbono wokuthi izindaba ezingamanga ezethulwa yinkundla yakhe zibe nomthelela emiphumeleni yokhetho lwango-2016 lwase-United States. โUmbono ophambeneโ. Manje cishe akuphelanga isonto ngaphandle kwesimemezelo se-Facebook noma okunye, noma ukubuyekeza umhlaba kabanzi mayelana nesifiso sawo sakamuva sokubeka imisebenzi yawo ngaphezu kokugxekwa noma ukusiqinisekisa ukuthi inkolelo yayo ekuziphatheni okuhle okungapheli, okunenkululeko engaqondakali isashiseka njengakuqala.
Inkampani isifinyelele endaweni ethokozisayo ekuziphendukeleni kwayo; igcwele ukubaluleka nezithakazelo njenganoma yiliphi iqembu lezombusazwe. I-Facebook inamandla amakhulu ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi futhi ngokuzumayo ivikela. Izindaba zayo zentela ezingabazekayo ngokujulile ziyaguqulwa; Bangu-1,000 XNUMX abasebenzi abasha abaqashwe ukuqapha ukukhangisa kwayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubonakala kungenakukwazi ukunikeza noma yiziphi izimpendulo ezinkingeni mayelana nemiphumela yayo emhlabeni ngaphezu kwe-Facebook eyengeziwe. Kufunwa isitatimende sangaphambi kukaKhisimusi ukuthi nakuba ukusetshenziswa โokungenzi luthoโ kwezinkundla zokuxhumana kungalimaza abasebenzisi, โukusebenzelana nabantu ngenkuthaloโ ku-inthanethi kwakuxhunyaniswe hhayi nje โnokuthuthukiswa kwenhlalakahleโ, kodwa โnenjabuloโ. Ngamafuphi, uma i-Facebook ikwenza ikhanda lakho, isixazululo ngokusobala akukona ukucisha, kodwa ku-Facebook okwengeziwe.
Ngenkathi uZuckerberg nozakwabo benza izimiso zokuziphatha, kunomsindo okhuphukayo ovela eqenjini labantu abenze izihloko zezindaba ngasekupheleni konyaka: ababekade bengaphakathi kuma-tech giants manje abakhathazeke kakhulu ngokuthi izinto ezintsha zabo zenzani kithi. Lowo owayengumongameli we-Facebook uSean Parker waxwayisa ngoNovemba ukuthi inkundla yayo โishintsha ngokoqobo ubuhlobo bakho nomphakathi, omunye nomunye ... uNkulunkulu wazi kuphela ukuthi yenzani ezingqondweni zezingane zethu.โ
Cishe ngaso leso sikhathi, owayeyisikhulu se-Facebook u-Chamath Palihapitiya waba nengxoxo nomphakathi e-Stanford University lapho engazange akhulume khona kahle. "Izimpendulo zesikhashana, eziqhutshwa yi-dopamine esizidalile zilimaza indlela umphakathi osebenza ngayo," uthe. โAkukho zingxoxo zomphakathi, akukho kubambisana, ulwazi olungamanga, amanga ... Ngakho-ke sisesimweni esibi ngempela manje, ngokombono wami.โ (Ngokumangalisayo, cishe ngemva kwesonto wabonakala ephika, ethi wayeqonde "ukuqala ingxoxo ebalulekile", nokuthi i-Facebook yayiseyinkampani "ayithandayo".)
Bese kuba noTristan Harris, owayekade esezingeni eliphezulu kwa-Google manje osedunyiswa โnjengento eseduze kakhulu iSilicon Valley enonembezaโ. Ngaphansi kwesibhengezo sokuzibiza ngokuthi "ukunyakaza" okubizwa Isikhathi Esisetshenziswe Kahle, yena nabasekeli bakhe banxusa abathuthukisi bezinhlelo ze-software ukuthi banciphise izici eziyimpoqo zokusungula kwabo, kanye nezigidi ezizithola zihileleke ekushintsheni ukuziphatha kwazo.
Abamelene nakho, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanekiselwa u-Nir Eyal, umfundisi waseStanford kanye nomeluleki wezobuchwepheshe ongaba umlingiswa ovela kwabahlakaniphile. I-HBO sitcom Silicon Valley. Ngo-2013 washicilela i-Hooked: How To Build Habit-Forming Products. Ugqozi lwakhe ngale ncwadi yi-behaviourist psychology eyasungulwa ngu-BF Skinner. Phakathi kwamaparele akhe okuhlakanipha kukhona okulula futhi okumangazayo: "Ukuze ukuziphatha okusha kubambe iqhaza, kufanele kwenzeke kaningi." Kodwa uma ehlolisiswa, naye uzwakala enokudideka okuthile: ngo-April odlule, entweni ebizwa ngokuthi i-Habit Summit, watshela izethameli zakhe ukuthi ekhaya ufake umshini onqamula i-inthanethi ngesikhathi esimisiwe nsuku zonke.
Kuhle kuye. Iqiniso lezigidi zabanye abantu liwukuhlangenwe nakho okungaguquki okungaguquki konke ngaphandle kokuthi wonke amathuba akhululayo omhlaba aku-inthanethi enkingeni yezaziso, ukuthanda, imiyalezo, ama-retweets kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi okudinga kakhulu futhi kuyaxaka kangangokuthi kwenza abantu abaningi kakhulu babe sengcupheni yokuyingozi. umbhedo nezingozi zangempela.
Ngenxa ye-ephemera ekhohlisayo, abasebenzisi be-WhatsApp balindele ngokulangazela omaka abaqinisekisa ukuthi umlayezo ufundwe yini umamukeli; futhi, inguqulo ye-turbocharged yamachashazi aluthayo akhanya ku-iPhone uma umngane ekuphendula, i-Snapchat manje ixwayisa abasebenzisi bayo uma umngane eqala ukubabhalela umlayezo. Futhi sonke siyazi ukuthi yini elele eduze kwakho: umhlaba we-Sensurround virtual reality, kanye ne-inthanethi exhunywe cishe kuyo yonke into esihlanganyela nayo. Njengoba abaphenduki be-Facebookers bethi: uma singanakile, maduze nje sizoba sengcupheni yokuvaleleka ezinkingeni zokuziphatha ezingenangqondo, sifise ukuphazamiseka ngisho nakwezinye iziphazamiso.
Kukhona indlela engenzeka yokuphuma kulokhu, kunjalo. Ayihlali kwezinye ze-luddite fantasy yebutho labantu abaphethe amafoni amadala akwa-Nokia futhi babhalelana izincwadi, kodwa ukuba nokwenzeka kwesiko empeleni elihlanganisa umqondo wokuzulazula ku-inthanethi ngomqondo obandlululayo kanye nokugcizelela ukulinganisela okuyisisekelo. Manje siyazi - akunjalo? - ukuthi umuntu oqala izikhathi eziningi zokuhlangana nabantu ngokubeka ifoni yakhe etafuleni kungenzeka ukuthi umlutha noma isilima.
Kukhona futhi ukuqonda okwandayo ukuthi enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zokukhulisa izingane zesimanje ukwazi kakhulu ukuthi ingakanani inkundla yezokuxhumana engaphazamisa izingqondo zabantu, kanye nokukhawulela isikhathi sesikrini sezingane zethu. Lokhu, ngemva kwakho konke, yini Bill Gates futhi uSteve Jobs wenza, njengoba kufakazelwa esinye sezitatimende ezibuhlungu kakhulu zakamuva. Ngo-2010 wabuzwa ngombono wezingane zakhe nge-iPad. "Abazange bayisebenzise," esho. "Sikhawulela ukuthi bungakanani ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa izingane zethu ekhaya."
Abantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili basebenzisa i-Facebook ngenkuthalo; okungenani izigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.5 manje zibalwa njengeziku-inthanethi. Imikhuba yabo ehlanganyelwayo, impoqo kanye nokuthambekela kwabo ngokusobala kuzoba nethonya elikhulu entuthukweni yomhlaba, noma ukuntuleka kwayo. Ngakho kufanele silalele uTristan Harris nomkhankaso wakhe. โIzinkolo nohulumeni abanalo ithonya elingako emicabangweni yabantu yansuku zonke,โ usanda kutshela i-Wired magazine. "Kodwa sinezinkampani ezintathu zobuchwepheshe" - wayesho i-Facebook, Google kanye ne-Apple - "ezinalolu hlelo lokusebenza ngaphandle kokukwazi ukulawula ... Njengamanje, imiqondo yabantu eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili isivele ingene kulolu hlelo oluzenzakalelayo, futhi iqondisa imicabango yabantu ekukhangiseni okukhokhelwayo komuntu siqu noma ulwazi olungaqondile noma imibono yozungu. Futhi konke ku-othomathikhi; abanikazi bohlelo abakwazi ukuqapha konke okwenzekayo, futhi abakwazi ukukulawula.โ
Kwabe sekufika umkhabi. โLokhu akulona uhlobo oluthile lwengxoxo yefilosofi. Lokhu wukukhathazeka okuphuthumayo okwenzekayo njengamanje.โ Phakathi kolwandle oluyinkimbinkimbi yebhizinisi nokucabanga kabili, lawo mazwi anenselele yeqiniso ehlukile.
UJohn Harris ungumlobi we-Guardian.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela