AmaRiphabhulikhi aguqule ngempumelelo ukugcizelelwa okukhulu kwenkulumompikiswano yezomnotho kusukela ekudaleni amathuba emisebenzi kuya ekulawuleni okushodayo. Kungani kuphuthuma ukulinganisela kwesabelomali? Phela, lokhu "kululama" kwe-anemic kuzihlukanise nazo zonke izinguquko zangaphambilini zangemva kwempi ngokunembile ngokwehluleka kwayo kwe-manifest ukukhiqiza imisebenzi. Ukukhula komnotho kudinga ukudlula kakhulu ama-3% ngonyaka uma imboni ezimele izokwenza noma iyiphi igxathu elibalulekile ekunciphiseni ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi. Esikhundleni salokho ukukhula kuthrenda kwehla kusukela esiqongweni sayo se-post-Great Recession. Ukunganqamuki kokuntuleka kwemisebenzi yesikhathi eside manje kudlula isikhathi okwatholakala ngawo-1930. Hlanganisa lokhu neqiniso lokuthi izinzuzo zamaholo emnothweni wonke kule minyaka eyishumi edlule zisalele emuva kwalokho Zokuwohloka Okukhulu Kwezomnotho, lapho zilungiselelwa ukwehla kwamandla emali, futhi umuntu angabona kalula ukuthi kungani ingxenye yeholo lezwe labasebenzi iqhubekile yehla ngokuqhubekayo ngisho nangemva kokuba ukuphela okusemthethweni kokuwohloka komnotho kwamenyezelwa cishe eminyakeni emibili edlule.
Nokho iHhovisi Lesabelomali seCongressional likhiphe yalo I-Outlook Yesabelomali Sesikhathi Eside sika-2011 okuphakamisa ukuthi osopolitiki bazoqhubeka nokubheka ukuphathwa kwezikweletu zomphakathi, esikhundleni sokulawulwa kwezidingo ezihlangene, njengento enkulu ebhekene nomnotho. Lokhu kuzovala ngempumelelo izigidi zabasebenzi ekusweleni umsebenzi isikhathi eside kanye nobubha obugxilile. Esinye sezimo ezimbili ezethulwe embikweni we-CBO - lesi esithathwa njengesingokoqobo kakhulu kulezi ezimbili - sithola ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezimali kukahulumeni kukhuphuke kusuka ku-24.1% we-GDP ngo-2011 kuya ku-75.9% ngo-2085, ngaphandle uma inkinga yesikweletu isisingathwa ngempumelelo manje. Kusukela kulokhu, lo mbiko uphetha ngokuthi, "ukushoda kwesabelomali esikhulu kanye nezikweletu ezikhulayo kuzonciphisa ukongiwa kwezwe, okuholela emazingeni enzalo aphezulu, ukuboleka okwengeziwe kwamanye amazwe, kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okuncane kwasekhaya - okuzokwehlisa ukukhula kwemali engenayo e-United States."
Umbiko uphinde uxwayise "(i)ngokwanda kokuboleka kukahulumeni [oku]vame ukukhipha imali (ekuxukwini) ekutshalweni kwezimali kwangasese emalini ekhiqizayo, okuholela esitokweni esincane semali kanye nomphumela ophansi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kunalokho obekungaba njalo. Ukushoda kunalowo mphumela ekutshalweni kwezimali kwangasese ngoba ingxenye yokonga kwabantu esetshenziselwa ukuthenga izibambiso zikahulumeni ayitholakali ukuze kuxhaswe ukutshalwa kwezimali kwangasese."
Kunohlamvu lweqiniso kulokhu kukhathazeka mayelana nokwandiswa okungenzeka kwemboni yomphakathi kanye nomthelela wawo ekuqongeleleni, kodwa lelo qiniso ligqitshwe ngaphansi kwentaba yokucabanga okuyiphutha egqiba amanye amathuba. Okubi nakakhulu, sekuphenduke inkundla yokuvusa umcabango wenkinga yezikweletu ezinkulu zesitayela samaGreki, ukwesaba okusetshenziselwa ukuthethelela ukuhlaselwa kabusha kwezivikelo zomphakathi ezisele ezibambele uhlelo. Ukuphatha kuka-Obama, empeleni, kwamukele ngokugcwele ukuthi ukushoda kwesabelomali kuyisimo esiseduze futhi sinikeze uhlelo lokunciphisa isikweletu ngamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4, kuyilapho kubeka zonke izinhlelo zomphakathi "etafuleni." Ngisho ne-AARP inikeze ukukhanya okuluhlaza ukuphonsa Social Security ngaphansi kwebhasi. Umehluko phakathi kwenkululeko nokulandela imithetho kule nkulumompikiswano manje uzungeza ingxube ekhethwayo yentela kanye nokuncishiswa "kokufaneleka" kanye nokulandelana kwakho.
Uma samukela ukulandisa okuvelele, isiphetho siphuma kusisekelo. Futhi nokho wonke lo mkhakha wokucabanga - ohlanganisa i-omnibus yezindlela ezihlukile ukusuka ku-A kuye ku-B - umbhedo. Ukuboleka noma ukukhokhiswa intela, ukwabiwa kwezimali kwangaphambilini, ukuze kuxhaswe ukusetshenziswa kukahulumeni, kuwumthwalo wesistimu ozibekela wona. Kanjalo nezikweleti ezibekwe uhulumeni. Akuzona izithiyo zokusebenza. Ikhono lomphakathi, okuhlanganisa nonxiwankulu, ukuhlinzeka ukuphila okuhloniphekile kwasebekhulile nabakhubazekile kanye nabakhiqizi bawo bengcebo besigaba sabasebenzi alisekelwe ekhonweni lemali yokuxhasa imisebenzi yombuso ngemali engenayo yangasese. Ikhono le-Capital ukugcina izidingo zezomnotho zibanjwe ezintweni eziza kuqala kuzo kuphela yisizathu salokho kuvinjelwa kwangaphambili. Ikhono langempela lomphakathi lokuhlinzeka ngobukhona obuhloniphekile nobuvikelekile bukhawulwa kuphela umthamo wawo wokukhiqiza oqoqiwe, umthamo okwamanje ongasetshenzisiwe cishe u-25%. Ngisho nangaphansi kwezikhathi ezihamba phambili u-15-20% womthamo ulele. Awukho umnotho okungashiwo ukuthi uphila ngaphezu kwamandla awo inqobo nje uma amandla engeziwe engeziwe - amahhovisi namafekthri angasetshenzisiwe, imishini engasebenzi, kanye nabasebenzi abangasebenzi. Ngakho-ke, nakuba abavamile bephikisana ngezinga lokuzikhandla nokuzidela "thina" kufanele sizimisele ukwamukela ukuthweswa iziqu zethu - ngokwemvelo, ngenxa "yabazukulu" bethu, umsebenzi onqwabelene okhishwe esigabeni sabasebenzi ukhiqize owanele futhi isakhiwo esikhula njalo esikhiqizayo, uma sitholwe ngokugcwele, esingaba umthombo wezinzuzo zomphakathi eziphanayo, okuhlanganisa ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kwendawo yonke, izinhlelo ezijulile zokulwa nobumpofu, kanye nenqwaba yamaholo Okuphepha Komphakathi.
Inhloko-dolobha ayizimisele ukuvula lawo mandla ngenxa nje yokuthi ayinawo amandla okwenza inzuzo yamanje futhi ngenxa yokuthi umphumela wokuqina wezimakethe zezemisebenzi ungafaka isibindi isigaba sabasebenzi sokuyeka imikhuba yaso yokuzithoba kanye nokuthobela amandla. Ngakho-ke ivimbe uhlelo ngokusebenzisa izithiyo ezingokomthetho ekusebenzeni ngale kwemikhawulo.
Ukwesaba okwedlulele ukuthi umphumela womthamo wokungenzi lutho, uma ususetshenziswe umbuso ngenxa yemali eshodayo, ngeke usakwazi ukusebenza njengemali eqhubekayo. Noma okubi nakakhulu, uma uhulumeni esetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni impahla, lokho kukhiqizwa kungaletha uhlobo lokuncintisana olungajabulela inzuzo enkulu eyakhiwe ngokumelene nemboni ezimele. Ukukhululwa kwemboni yezimoto - okwakumele i-microcosm yekilasi elikhubazekile, elimelene nokusebenza kwalokhu okungenzeka - kudale ukuhhewula kokwesaba nokucasuka engxenyeni yomphakathi wamabhizinisi. Kunoma ikuphi, uma isetshenziswa njengemali engenayo noma isetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kombuso, umthamo oweqile ocindezelwe kusevisi yezwe uzolahleka kakhulu enqubweni yangasese yokuqongelela. Ukukhokhisa intela ezilinganisweni ezingenzi lutho (noma ukuboleka, okuthatha izintela zesikhathi esizayo) nokuzibuyisela engxenyeni ezimele ngendlela yokuthengwa kombuso, kuyiqiniso, kuzoba nomthelela wokuphindaphinda ozokwandisa umsebenzi wezomnotho. Kodwa ngaphandle uma inzuzo eyengeziwe etholwe ngalowo msebenzi idlula izintela ezidingekayo ukuze kuxhaswe inqubo, umsebenzi awuhehe kakhulu ngemali enkulu ngaphezu kwabazuzi abaseduze bezinkontileka zombuso.
Futhi lokhu kuwumnyombo wendaba. Lezi yizingqinamba ezikhubaza inkulumo-mpikiswano yomphakathi eholela empikiswaneni engenakugwemeka phezu komkhawulo wezikweletu.
Okungajabulisi umphakathi ukuthi ukusebenza kombuso kwamanje akuncikile nakancane ekukhishweni kwezimali embonini ezimele. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yini okungenzeka ukuthi yayiyiqiniso lapho izimali zisekelwa okuqukethwe kwensimbi engaguquki, imali yesimanje iyimali ye-fiat ekhishwe uhulumeni, ephoqelelwe nguhulumeni. Ayiseyona imali yempahla futhi ayikhishwa ohlelweni ngokusebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo kwezinkampani ezizimele. Umsebenzi ongokomlando wombuso wonxiwankulu, lapho izimali zisekelwa igolide, kwakuwukuqinisekisa ukuguquleka futhi ngaleyo ndlela kugcinwe "umsindo" (ubuqotho bempahla) yemali yayo. Lokhu bekusho ukuthi ukukhishwa kwezimali kuvinjwe ukutholakala kwegolide esikhwameni sombuso. Lokhu kubophe izandla zikahulumeni, kudinga izimali ezifanele (igolide) ezivela ezinkampanini ezizimele ngaphambi kokwenza noma ukuqhubeka nanoma yimuphi umsebenzi. Izinga legolide labeka umbuso ngaphansi ngempumelelo ezidingweni zokuqongelela kwangasese futhi lavimbela ukukhula okungaphezu kombuso ngokwesaba ukuklinya umthombo wemali engenayo. Umbuso ongazange ubambe iqhaza futhi wehlise imali yaso ekugcineni uzobhekana nethuba lokungabi nazikweleti. Kuzophoqeleka ukuthi kudluliselwe izakhiwo zombuso ohlelweni lwezezimali, ngaleyo ndlela kuvunyelwe izimali ezizimele ukuthi zisebenzise lezi zakhiwo ekwenzeni inzuzo, ngaphambi kokuba ziphinde zikwazi ukufinyelela ezimakethe zezikweletu. Lokhu kuphinde kwasungula ukulingana "okulungile" phakathi kombuso kanye nenhloko-dolobha.
Kodwa i-fiat currencies iyawohloka futhi iguqule ingqondo ezuzwe njengefa yohlelo lwemali olusekelwe ku-metallic. Izimali ze-Fiat aziwona umkhiqizo wezohwebo ezizimele. Bayisidalwa sombuso, esinombuso wokuzimela ekukhishweni kwaso. Yebo, iphuzu okukhulunywa ngalo lapha yizinhlangano zezombangazwe ezizimele, hhayi ngomqondo wezomthetho, kodwa mayelana nokukhishwa kwemali. I-Greece, i-Ireland, i-Portugal, ne-Spain ngokwesibonelo awasakwazi ukukhipha imali ye-fiat kune-California noma i-Wisconsin. Uma kubhekwa lokho kuqonda, izinhlangano ezikhipha imali - ezifana ne-US, iBrithani, i-China, ne-EU - kufanele zichithe ukuze zifake umnotho ohlelweni ngenani elanele lokusingatha izintshisekelo zezentengiselwano. Kufanele bachithe, okungukuthi, ngaphambi kokukwazi kwabo ukukhokhisa intela, behlehlisa ukuhlukana kwezomnotho. Ngokufika kwemali ye-fiat, intela nokuboleka akusatholakali njengesengezo esidingekayo sokwabiwa kombuso.
Okungukuthi, inkokhelo okufanele ikhokhelwe amaholo kahulumeni, yokuqashwa kwezakhiwo zikahulumeni, ukuthengwa kwemikhiqizo yengqalasizinda, ukuxhasa i-Social Security kanye ne-Medicare/Medicaid, ukuxhasa ngezimali inzalo okufanele ikhokhe esikweletini sikazwelonke, ukwabelana ngemali engenayo nohulumeni basekhaya, noma , ngeshwa, ukulwa nezimpi zama-imperialist akudingi ukuthi umbuso uhlanganise izimali, noma ngendlela yezintela ezengeziwe noma ngokuthengisa amabhondi ombuso emkhakheni wangasese - noma ohulumeni bangaphandle - ngaphambi kokuhlangabezana nezibopho zabo. Lezi zibopho zingahlangatshezwana nazo kalula ngokufakwa okukhiqizwe ngekhompuyutha okuvela kuhulumeni kuya kumaleja amakhasimende ayo omkhakha ozimele noma izimali zayo ezizilawula ngokwazo, abanikazi bamabhondi abazimele nabangaphandle, kanye nezinkokhelo zezisebenzi zayo. Lokhu kwengeza esileleni sesabelomali ngendlela engeke iphinde ikhokhelwe, noma ikhokhwe, futhi lokho ikwenza ngenani eliyiziro lenzalo. Akukho "ukuminyana ngaphandle" - akukho ukuncintisana nezinkampani ezizimele mayelana nebhalansi ebolekayo - ngenxa nje yokuthi asikho isidingo sokugcwalisa igebe phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwemali nezintela ngezimali ezibolekiwe. Kungenxa yalokhu kuqashelwa ukuthi izimpi, njengeqiniso elingokoqobo, "zixhaswe ngezimali" kuze kube yilapho zingathandwa kakhulu noma zingakhiqizi kangangokuthi osopolitiki baphaphame ngokukhululekile ekutholeni ukuthi umgcinimafa "uphelelwe yimali." Konke lokhu kusikisela ukuthi ngisho nosopolitiki abavamile bangakwazi ngokugqugquzelwa okufanele ukuthi asikho isidingo sokusebenza ukuze kugcinwe inganekwane yokuthi inethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi yentela kanye nokuboleka kuwumbandela wokuqala wokuthi umbuso usebenze. Umbuso wesimanje awukwazi ukuqothuka. Inzalo ekweletwayo ekushodayo kwezohwebo iyinkinga yokubalwa kwezimali, hhayi inkinga yomphakathi elindele ukwenzeka. Umbuso akudingeki ukuthi udayise amabhondi ukuze ube nokushoda. Akudingeki ukuba likhokhise abantu balo intela noma liboleke kubo ukuze likhokhe inzalo. Konke ukusebenza kwe-kabuki kobuphukuphuku kokucindezela phezu kosilingi lwezikweletu, ukungakhokhi izikweletu, noma ukuvalwa kukahulumeni, noma ukuvuma ukungasebenzi kwabantu abaningi, noma ukuxoxisana ngezinzuzo zomphakathi ukuze kugcinwe izwe lisebenza konke kungaqedwa. Lapho imali ye-fiat ithatha indawo yemali yempahla, i-genie yokuhlelwa kabusha kwezimali zombuso yayivele ikhululiwe ebhodleleni.
Lokhu akusho ukuphakamisa ukuthi asikho esinye isidingo sokuthi umbuso ukhokhise intela futhi uboleke. Kungcono ukuthi le misebenzi igcwalise ngokufanelekile izidingo zokusebenza ezihlukene: okuwukuthi ukupholisa umnotho oshise ngokweqile ngokuqeda isidingo esiningi sokusetshenziswa kanye nezimpahla okungenzeka zidalwe ukusetshenziswa kwemali okwengeziwe kombuso. Ngokusebenza, lawa akufanele kube amathuluzi okusetshenziswa kwezimali zokusebenza, kodwa okulawula isidingo esihlanganisiwe nokulungiswa kwezinga lenzalo elidingekayo ukuze kulondolozwe ukuzinza kwentengo okuhlanganisa nokufinyelela emalini yokutshalwa kwezimali okuhambisana nokulinganiswa komjikelezo. Ubukhulu besabelomali sikahulumeni, ngamafuphi, kufanele bunqunywe kuphela ngokushoda kwesidingo esiphelele emazingeni ebengavumela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphelele, ngokuqonda ukuthi azikho izithiyo zezezimali ezikhona ekusetshenzisweni kwezimali kuhulumeni, ngale kwalezo ezibekwe ngokuzenzela imali. kanye nezimo zezombangazwe eziboshelwe kuyo. Ukube la maketango abengekho, izinsiza ezivinjwe ukuntula inzuzo eyanele bezingakwazi ukuhunyushwa kalula ezimpahleni zomphakathi ezengeziwe ezingasasebenzi kanye namasevisi ngaphandle kwezindleko kumthengi. Ngalesi simo, umshikashika mayelana nokubeka eqhulwini kwisabelomali uzoba nombono ohluke ngokuphelele.
Ukushoda kwesidingo esihlanganisiwe ngokuyinhloko kuwumsebenzi wezinga elinganele lokwakhiwa kwezimali ngenxa yokuntuleka okungapheli kwenzuzo eyanele. I-Bush-era boom yafihla lokhu ngokusebenzisa ibhamuza elikhulu lokuqagela lezindlu. Lokhu, njengamanye amabhamuza ezezimali, kunikeze izinga eliwayo lenzuzo - inkambiso yentuthuko ye-capitalism - umlingiswa ofana namagagasi. Kodwa-ke, ukugoqa kufanele kube kubikezelwe ngokuphelele. I-boom yayisekelwe ekuhlushweni kwempahla kwesigaba sabasebenzi baseMelika, esikhundleni sokwakhiwa kwamandla okukhiqiza. Ukulingana kwezindlu kwahwetshwa kwaqhathaniswa nenani elinqwabelene ukuze amaholo anciphayo ancishiswe futhi kwengezwe ukusetshenziswa okuvuswa izikweletu. Okwasala kwakhangiswa ekwandiseni amabhizinisi amancane kanye nokuthengwa kwezimakethe zamasheya. Izingqinamba zenzuzo zahlala zifihliwe ngokujovwa kwesidingo esingeziwe esilinganiselwa ku-$2.3 triliyoni esikhishwe emakethe yezindlu phakathi kuka-2003 no-2008. Lapho lokhu kuncipha, yilapho ukukhishwa kwamathuluzi ezezimali kwedlula ikhono lemali yokukhipha inani elanele elinqwabelene lesevisi. iphiramidi enqwabelene yezibopho, uhlelo lwezezimali lwaphoqeleka ukuba lufike onqenqemeni lokuwa. Uhlelo lwe-TARP oluboshwe ngokushesha - isibonelo esihle kakhulu, uma sake saba khona, samakhono ombuso we-ex nihilo okudala imali - savuselela amabhange akopha. Kodwa uhlelo lwezezimali olubuyisiwe lwalungasenayo intshisekelo yokubuyisela imali ohlelweni oluhlulekayo lokukhiqiza okuzimele. Amandla okwandisa cishe ingxenye yesikhuthazo aye ancishiswa ekuqaleni.
Cabanga ngalokho obekungenzeka ukube umbuso ubuvuse umnotho usuka phansi ubheke phezulu: ukube umbuso, ngokwesibonelo, uqede zonke izintela zesigaba sabasebenzi, okuhlanganisa nezintela zemiholo. Futhi lesi yisiphakamiso esinesizotha kakhulu, esingakwesokudla seziphakamiso ezithandwa ngabantu abaningi. Lokhu bekuzohlanganisa ukukhushulwa kwamaholo okukhulu ngaphandle kwezindleko ezengeziwe kubaqashi. Yiqiniso, lokhu kumane kuwukuhlola umcabango. Alukho uphiko lwesigaba esibusayo olungalokotha lukwenze lokho, ngaphandle uma lungasebenzisa nethuba lokubuyisela isikhwama se-Social Security kanye ne-Medicaid/Medicare njengezaba zokuqeda kamuva noma zokunciphisa izinzuzo zesikhathi esizayo. Kodwa ake sikulandele lokhu. Ukube obekungenzeki obekwenzeka, abasebenzi bebezothola imali eyengeziwe eyanele ukuze bagweme ingxenye enkulu yenkinga yezikweletu zezindlu, bakhokhe amakhadi esikweletu, bakhulise ukusetshenziswa kwemali engenayo, futhi bakhe ukonga. Njengabaxhumanisi bezezimali embonini ezimele, umkhakha wamabhange ubuzovuselelwa ngendlela engaqondile futhi umnotho ukhuthazwe kakhulu. Isimo esisabelayo esicatshangelwayo singavele sikweletise izimali ze-trust nge-elekthronikhi ukuze zinxephezele ukushoda okuklanyiwe kuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho mihlatshelo yesikhathi esizayo engabuyiselwa kusigaba sabasebenzi njengoba siguga noma sibuthaka. Futhi, ukube ukusungulwa kabusha kohlelo lwamabhange bekungajulile ngokwanele ukuthi kungangena ngeladi kubatshali-zimali kanye nosonkontileka besikhwama se-hedge fund, ungqimba lwe-parasitism yezenhlalo ngabe lususiwe ngaphandle komthelela omncane emphakathini.
Cabangela, ngokunye noma ngaphezu kwalokho, uma uhulumeni wobumbano okwesikhashana noma unomphela ethathe izibopho zezimali zohulumeni basekhaya nohulumeni basekhaya. Lezi yizinhlangano ezingakwazi ukudala imali. Futhi lokhu bekuzobandakanya ukhiye ohlangothini lukahulumeni wobumbano, ukufaka isikweletu kuma-akhawunti asebhange ezifunda, amadolobha kanye nomasipala. Njengeholide lentela lezintela ezikhokhelwayo, lesi siphakamiso naso sizothuthukisa amabhange futhi sibambe iqhaza ekuguqulweni okuzwakalayo kwenhlekelele ye-mortgage njengemiphumela eshaqisayo. Isidingo sizophinda sidalwe abaphakeli ngaphandle kokuthola intela eyengeziwe noma izikweletu zokuboleka. Ngeke kube khona ukulahlekelwa yizinkonzo, akukho ukudilizwa, nokushoda kwempesheni. No raison d'รชtre for the Christies, Walkers, Kasiches, and Cuomos. Akukho ukuphendula kubahwebi bamabhondi e-Wall Street. Isiteleka esikhona njengamanje besingeke siqedwe ngempumelelo enkulu ngenxa yokunqwabelana kwesidingo esengeziwe esingaphoqa umthamo wokungenzi lutho ekudlaleni.
Umbuso unamandla okungavimbeli kodwa ukubumba kabusha ngokuphelele isimilo nomthelela wezinkinga zonxiwankulu. Kodwa lokhu kudinga okokuqala ukuthi kusetshenziswe kahle i-latitude yezomnotho egunyazwe wumbuso we-monopoly phezu kwemali. Yilokhu kugunyazwa okushintsha ngokuyisisekelo indlela yokusebenza kombuso. Ikhulula umbuso emikhawulweni yemali engenayo, yephula ukusebenza okufanayo phakathi kwayo nezinkampani ezizimele lapho isidingo sokuxhasa ngezimali ukusetshenziswa kwayo sihlala siyinto engenakugwenywa. Kuyizimfuno eziphakeme ezisebenza ngendlela yazo ngenqubo yezepolitiki ezibophela uhlelo, ngemuva kwesikhathi eside isidingo salo sokusebenza sesiphelelwe yisikhathi. Futhi lezi zintshisekelo zisebenza ezithibayo ngokukhetha kakhulu nangokubhuqa: izimpi, ukutakulwa kwebhange, nezinye izimo eziphuthumayo zongxiwankulu zakha izimali ngokhiye wekhompyutha; izinhlelo zomphakathi, inqubo yokwaba isikhathi eside enokuhwebelana okubuhlungu. Izimpi "ziyizinto ezingekho kwisabelomali"; izinzuzo ezinwetshiwe zokungasebenzi kufanele zixhaswe ngokulondolozwa kwesabelomali kwenye indawo. Iphuzu liwukwenza lokho kucace futhi uveze lolu hlelo ukuthi luyini. Ukulungiswa kwenqubo yesabelomali kudinga impi yezepolitiki yokubeka izinto obala kanye nentando yeningi.
Kodwa ukuhlunyeleliswa kwenqubo yesabelomali okuhlanganisa wonke amathuluzi esimanje ezezimali atholakala kuhulumeni, ngisho noma bekungavula indawo entsha ukuze umphakathi ubambe iqhaza, bekungeke kube ukuhlalisana kwabantu. Futhi kufanele sicace ngalokhu. Ukukhiqizwa nokusatshalaliswa bekungeke kusaphathwa ngentando yeningi kusukela phansi ngokwezinga nefayela lomphakathi. Ukungalingani okukhiqizwa izimakethe kuzoqhubeka nokuba khona, nakuba ngokwezinga elikhulu kungancipha, futhi izimakethe zizoqhubeka nokusebenza ngokusabela kulokhu kungafani ziqinisekisa ukuthi amalungelo ezigaba akhiqizwa kabusha ngokwethembeka. Futhi imali yayingeke iyeke ukubamba okuqinile phezu kwamandla akha umbono womphakathi futhi ichaze ukuba nokwenzeka kwezinye izindlela zomphakathi. Futhi ngezinga lapho isikhala sezombangazwe sinwetshwa khona, noma isiphi isikhala esingagcwaliswanga ngokubamba iqhaza okukhulu kwentando yeningi okuvela ngezansi sizogcwaliswa โochwephesheโ bokuphatha noma abangochwepheshe abanamandla okuthuthukisa nokusabalalisa izintshisekelo zabo zesigaba esizimele kanye nokuziphoqa emphakathini. Noma ingekho i-panacea, ukuvula amandla ohlelo lwezimali lwesimanje nokho kunamandla okuthuthuka kwempucuko ngaphakathi konxiwankulu.
Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, akuhambisani nesidingo se-socialism. Isisekelo sokusebenza salo lonke uhlelo sisancike ekuqoqweni kwezimali. Ngakho-ke umbuso awukwazi ukuthola ukuzimela ngokugcwele emithethweni elawula inqubo ephikisanayo yokwandisa inani. Ukuthambekela kokushintsha abasebenzi abaphilayo ngezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezizenzakalelayo ngokuvamile kuvame ukwehlisa izinga lenzuzo. Iyunithi ngayinye yemali enkulu ihlotshaniswa nesisekelo esilokhu sincipha lapho inani elinqwabelene lingakhishwa khona. Noma kunjalo, inqobo nje uma izinga lokuqongelela liphezulu ngokwanele, ukwehla kwezinga lenzuzo kungasuswa ekusebenzeni ngokukhuphuka kwenqwaba yenzuzo. Uma lokhu kungasakwazi, kubonisa isidingo sokuhlanzwa kwamanani emali eqile. Lona umsebenzi odingekayo wokwehlisa amandla emali ohambisana nokuwohloka komnotho. Ilinganisa kabusha uhlelo ngokwehlisa inani lemali esetshenziswayo, ivumela uhlaka lokukhiqiza oluhlanganisiwe ukuthi luphinde luhlangane ngendlela esebenza kahle, ethambile eholela ekuhlakanipheni nasekuxhashazweni okuqinisiwe kwamandla omsebenzi. Uma le nqubo isebenza ngendlela eyanele ngohlelo, isusa izithiyo zangaphambilini zokukhiqiza futhi ibuyisele amandla okuphinda aqongelele ngesisekelo senzuzo.
Umsebenzi osebenzayo we-countercyclical ohlongozwayo lapha ungakhubaza lowo msebenzi. Ukususa ingcindezi ephansi yamanani entengo kuvumela osonhlamvukazi abasebenza kancane, abebengaqala ukuzwa ubunzima benkinga, ukugcina amanani abo angaphambi kwenhlekelele. Kunokuba ihlelwe kabusha ibe inkimbinkimbi yemali ekhiqiza kakhulu, inani lomkhiqizo elilinganayo lale mikhakha lingaguqulwa ngokungaqondile libe ukusetshenziswa komphakathi. Kodwa ukwakhiwa kwezimali kunqunywa ngokujulile ngenxa yokukhiqiza ngokweqile ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa. Ukwandiswa kokusetshenziswa ngaphandle kokukhuphuka okufanayo kokukhiqiza namandla kuphazamisa inqubo yokwakhiwa kwezimali futhi kulinganisela izinga elibalulekile lokuqongelela. Futhi ikwenza lokho esimeni lapho isidingo esicindezelwe nguhulumeni sidala izimakethe zezemisebenzi eziqinile ezihlanganisa nakakhulu ukuphuthuma esikhundleni sabasebenzi abaphilayo phakathi nenqubo yokuzalanisa.
Indlela yenhlekelele iyingxenye yokusebenza kwebhayoloji yesistimu. Yindlela yokuphendula ngokuzenzakalelayo, ukushisa okukhulu, kwenkunzi okuphoqelela yona ngokwayo isidingo sokukhipha ubuthi obunobuthi bemali eyeqile ngaphambi kokuba ibuyiselwe empilweni. Kanjalo futhi, inkinga yesabelomali, njengoba iqhutshwa njengamanje, iwumlando wokuvela kwesidingo sofuzo sobunxiwankulu ukucindezela ukusetshenziswa kombuso okungakhiqizi futhi kugxilwe kabusha, lapho kubizwa, izinsiza zomnotho zisuka kuhulumeni ziye ohlelweni oluzimele lokuqongelela. Umbuso wanamuhla ungadambisa isimo sezinkinga zomnotho - njengoba kuye kwaphikiswana ngakho lapha - ngokuqaphela ngokuqondile ingxenye yezimpahla ezikhiqiziwe ngaphandle kwendlela yemakethe. Futhi ingakwenza ngempumelelo ngenkathi ikhipha yonke i-labyrinthine kanye nenqubo engasebenzi kahle yokwabiwa kwesabelomali eqhubekayo manje. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lokhu kwenza kube lula futhi kuhoxise insizakalo eyenziwa yizingqinamba yokuguqula umthamo wamanje ongenanzuzo ube yizimo lapho ukuthunyelwa kabusha kwayo kuzophinde kuyivumele ukuthi ibambe iqhaza enqubweni yokuzandisa imali.
Ngakho-ke, umbuso unganweba kuphela i-sphere yamanani okusetshenziswa anqanyuliwe uma ukunqwabelana kwesamba semali kungaphazanyiswa ukukhiqizwa kwawo. Uma imali ingakwazi ukuqhubeka nokuqongelela ngokwemibandela yayo, ukukhiqizwa kombuso kuzolahlekelwa amandla okushayela futhi kube isithiyo ekuqaliseni kabusha kwayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umbuso ngeke ugweme ukuthatha ngamabomu umthwalo wemfanelo wenqubo yokuhlela kabusha indlela yenhlekelele esebenza ngayo ngezikhathi ezithile ngokuphazanyiswa okukhulu komphakathi kanye nokugudluzwa. Okuhlukile wukumila isikhathi eside. Lokhu kuzoba uhlobo olusha lokuma - ukuzinza ngaphandle kokuntuleka kwemisebenzi kwabantu abaningi, ukwanda kobumpofu nezinsizakusebenza ezingasebenzi, futhi, ngakho-ke, ngokomlando, igxathu elikhulu eliya phambili. Kodwa ekugcineni isazobonakala ngokuthuthuka okungasho lutho kwamazinga okuphila ahlanganisiwe - cishe isimo esimile. Izinga eliphansi kakade lokwakhiwa kwezimali e-United States elicasulwe izimangalo zempi, ukukhiqizwa kwezikhali, kanye nezinzuzo ezincane zomphakathi ezikhona manje sekuyisikhathi eside siyenga inhloko-dolobha yaseMelika ukuthi ikhiphe inani elinqwabelene lapho kulindelwe khona amathuba angcono okutshala imali. Inqubo ehluzekile yokuhlela kabusha ethatha indawo yesiphithiphithi esingahlelekile somjikelezo webhizinisi idinga izinga lokuhlela umphakathi, inqubomgomo yezimboni, ukulawulwa kwezimali, ukuqaliswa okunamandla kwengqalasizinda, kanye nohlelo olukhulu lokuqeqesha olusekelwa kusukela ngezansi ngenqubomgomo yemfundo esebenza ngokulinganayo.
Umbuzo ube usuziveza ngokungenakugwenywa. Uma konke lokhu kuhlelwa kuyadingeka ukuze kugwenywe indlela yenhlekelele yobungxiwankulu kanye nokulawula isidingo esihlanganisiwe, kuyilapho kwandiswe umkhakha wokukhiqizwa okungasasebenzi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwabantu abaningi, kungani umphakathi kufanele uqhubeke nokuhlushwa isithunzi, ukungalingani, ukucindezelwa kanye nokuxhashazwa konxiwankulu? Kungani ungathathi ulawulo lwentando yeningi phezu kwesamba senani lemali esele futhi ulibeke ngqo ekusetshenzisweni komphakathi?
U-Barry Finger uyilungu lebhodi labahleli be Ipolitiki Entsha. Ufake isandla kumajenali e-socialist e-US naseBrithani. Lena inguqulo ebuyekeziwe ye-athikili evele kuyo Ipolitiki Entsha ngo-29 Juni 2011.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela