Gullible's (Endless) Travels
Ngabe izintatheli azifundile lutho emlandweni wakamuva? Kuyamangaza ngempela lapho intatheli ingagomela esidlangalaleni, ezindabeni ze-BBC, ukuthi "uTony Blair wayekholelwa ngentshiseko ukuthi i-Iraq inezikhali zokucekela phansi abantu abaningi futhi yabeka usongo olukhulu." (BBC1, Six O'Clock News, February 24, 2009). Ngenkathi intatheli ye-BBC u-Reeta Chakrabarti iphonswa inselelo kulokhu kuboniswa okumangalisayo kwe-naรฏvetรฉ, yahlanganisa iphutha layo elinzima ngokuphendula:
โNgithe uMnu uBlair ukholelwa ukuthi i-Iraq ine-wmd ngoba ubekusho njalo. Ngesikhathi ephonselwa inselelo ubelokhu ebambelele ezibhamu zakhe.โ (I-imeyili ithunyelwe ku-Media Lens Message Board, March 2, 2009)
Ngakho-ke lapho umholi obonakala elungile ethi โukholelwa ngentshisekoโ emangeni, abezindaba kufanele bamukele izwi lakhe. Lolu wuhlobo olufanayo lokuthatheka kwentatheli okube nemiphumela edabukisa kangaka kubantu base-Iraq. Lokhu ukulalela okungapheli, okungagxeki emandleni okwathuthukisa i-ajenda yokufudumeza impi yase-London nase-Washington, okubavumela ukuthi bavumelane 'namaqiniso' nenqubomgomo enqunywe kusengaphambili yokuqalisa impi yolaka. Isenzo esinjalo, esithengiswe yi-BBC โnjengenkolelo evuthayoโ kaBlair, siwubugebengu obuphakeme bamazwe ngamazwe, njengoba kwahlulelwa yiNkantolo yaseNuremberg yango-1946.
Futhi isiphetho esidabukisayo esifanayo singase sehlele abantu base-Iran, uma abezindaba bebhizinisi bevezwa i-Iran njengezwe elinonya elibuswa โama-mullah abusayoโ, elifisa ukuthola izandla zabo ezikhalini zenuzi, lingaphikiswa.
Uhlelo Lwenuzi Olungaphansi Kokugadwa
Ekupheleni kuka-2007, ukuhlola okuphelele kwe-United States kwaphetha ngokuthi uhlelo lwase-Iran lwezikhali zenuzi lwase lumisiwe ngo-2003. I-National Intelligence Estimate yayiwumbono wokuvumelana wazo zonke izinhlangano eziyi-16 zezinhloli zase-US. (UMark Mazzeti, 'I-US Ithi I-Iran Yaqeda Umsebenzi Wezikhali Ze-Atomic,' i-New York Times, ngoDisemba 3, 2007)
Embikweni wayo wakamuva nge-Iran, i-International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) iqinise lokhu kuhlola lapho ithi "ikwazile ukuqhubeka nokuqinisekisa ukungaphambukisi kwezinto ezimenyezelwe ze-nuclear [ngezinhloso ezingase zibe zempi] e-Iran." (I-IAEA, 'Isitatimende Sesethulo Sebhodi Labaphathi NgoMqondisi-Jikelele we-IAEA uDkt. Mohamed ElBaradei,' Mashi 2, 2009; http://www.iaea.org/NewsCenter/Statements/2009/ebsp2009n002.html)
Kodwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi yamazwe anamandla aseNtshonalanga, ikakhulukazi i-United States, i-UN Security Council kanye ne-IAEA bebelokhu befuna ukuthi i-Iran imise ukunothiswa kwe-uranium โkuze kube yilapho izinhloso zokuthula ze-Iran seziqinisekiswa ngokugcwele.โ (BBC online, 'Q&A: Iran and the nuclear issue,' 10:39 GMT, February 25, 2009; http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4031603.stm)
Ngaphansi kweNuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), izwe linelungelo lokunothisa i-uranium njengophethiloli wamandla enuzi, nakuba kufanele ihlale ingaphansi kokuhlolwa yi-IAEA. Le nhlangano ithi embikweni wayo wakamuva yize i-Iran isaqhubeka nokunothisa i-uranium, lokhu ikwenza ngenani elinciphile.
I-IAEA iphinde yabika ukuthi ithole ukwenyuka kwesitokwe sase-Iran se-uranium engacebisi kakhulu (LEU) saya ku-1,010 kg. Lesi sibalo sasingaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kunesilinganiso esasinikezwe i-Iran. Kodwa-ke, i-IAEA igcizelele ukuthi "i-Iran ibambisana kahle nabahloli benuzi be-UN ukusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ayiphinde ibukeke phansi inani le-uranium elinothile."
Isikhungo sezindaba iReuters senze umbono obalulekile:
"Isitatimende se-IAEA sibonakale sihloselwe ukususa noma yikuphi ukuvela ... ukuthi ukushoda kwe-accounting kungenzeka kube ukweqa ngamabomu."
Ngokusho komkhulumeli we-IAEA uMelissa Fleming:
"I-(IAEA) ayinaso nakancane isizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi izilinganiso ze-LEU ezikhiqizwe esikhungweni (Natanz) kwakuyiphutha lamabomu elenziwe yi-Iran. Zitholakala ezigabeni zokuqala zokugunyazwa kwalesi sikhungo uma kungaziwa kusenesikhathi. ukuthi izokwenza kanjani ekusebenzeni."
Ugcizelele:
"I-Iran inikeze ukubambisana okuhle kulolu daba futhi izosebenzela ukuthuthukisa izilinganiso zayo zesikhathi esizayo.
"Azikho izinto zenuzi ebezingasuswa kulesi sikhungo ngaphandle kolwazi lwe-ejensi njengoba lesi sikhungo sibhekwa njengevidiyo futhi impahla yenuzi igcinwe ngaphansi kwesivalo." (UMark Heinrich, 'I-Iran ibambisana ngemuva kokwehlisa izinga le-athomu-IAEA,' Reuters, February 22, 2009; http://in.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idINIndia-38148320090222?sp=true)
I-IAEA ithe ifuna ukucaca okuthuthukisiwe kanye nolwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nohlelo lwenuzi lwase-Iran. Kodwa futhi yaphawula ukuthi:
"[T] kubonakala sengathi indlela entsha yomphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe yokuxoxisana ne-Iran izonikeza umfutho omusha emizamweni yokuxazulula lolu daba oselunesikhathi eside lukhona ngendlela ehlinzeka ngeziqinisekiso ezidingekayo mayelana nokuthula kohlelo lwenuzi lwase-Iran, kuyilapho eqinisekisa i-Iran. nelungelo layo lokusebenzisa amandla enuzi ngezinjongo ezinokuthula.โ (IAEA, op.cit.)
Scaremongers R Us
Kodwa-ke, iminyaka eminingi, abezindaba bezinkampani bebelokhu bekhulisa "ukwesaba" okucatshangwayo eNtshonalanga mayelana ne-Iran ekubeni izwe elihlomile ngezikhali zenuzi kanye ne-US, UK, France, Russia - kanye no-Israel.
Qhathanisa ukuhlaziya okunengqondo nokuhluzekile kwe-IAEA ngenhla nombiko weDaily Telegraph ngenyanga edlule โwokwesaba kwa-Israel nase-US ukuthi i-Iran isisondela esimeni sokungabuyi emandleni ayo okwakha ibhomu le-athomu.โ Ukusetshenziswa "kwephuzu lokungabuyi" kuyisu lakudala elihloselwe ukuvusa umuzwa wokwethuka. Isikhathi siyaphela! Maduze kuzobe sekwephuze kakhulu! Njengokungathi inkulumo-ze eshisayo nge-Iraq yenzeke endaweni efanayo, leli phepha lagomela ngokukhululekile ukuthi "izinhlangano zezobunhloli zakwa-Israel kanye nezaseNtshonalanga zikholelwa ukuthi uhlelo oluneminyaka engu-20 ubudala, olwaluyimfihlo kuze kube ngu-2002, lwenzelwe ukunikeza ama-mullahs abusayo i-athomu. ibhomu.โ (Philip Sherwell, 'I-Israel iqala impi eyimfihlo ngokumelene ne-Iran,' i-Daily Telegraph, February 16, 2009; http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/4640052/Israel-launches-covert-war-against-Iran.html)
"Ama-mullah abusayo" kungenye ibinzana eliyisiqalo elihloselwe ukuzwakala emiqondweni yomphakathi eduze "nezimbongolo ezihlanyayo," "i-Islamic fundamentalism" kanye "ne-Islamic militant".
Ngokumangalisayo, i-BBC itshele umphakathi, okhokhela umsakazi:
"IJalimane isixwayise i-Iran ukuthi izokweseka unswinyo oluqinile uma imizamo yokumisa ama-Irani athola izikhali zenuzi ibhidlika." (I-BBC ku-inthanethi, 'i-Germany ixwayisa i-Iran ngezinswinyo,' 15:39 GMT, February 7, 2009; http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7876659.stm)
Ngakho ngokusho kwe-BBC, i-Iran izama ngempela ukuthola izikhali zenuzi. โUkungakhethiโ kodumo kwale nkampani kuyihlaya ngempela.
Ngaleso sikhathi, i-Times igcine isiko layo elidabukisayo lokuhlanganisa ibhalansi (bona Media Lens Media Alert, 'Selling the Fireball', June 25, 2008; http://www.medialens.org/alerts/08/080625_selling_the_fireball.php).
Umhlaziyi omkhulu wephepha langaphandle, uBronwen Maddox, uchaze ngokungafanele uhlelo lwenuzi lwase-Iran โnjengoluya ngesivinini.โ Ekholamu yakhe, i-Iran ivezwe "njengefuna ukuvelela" futhi izimisele ukucasula "ibhalansi yamandla esifundeni esivele sishubile mayelana nezindlela zokugabadela zikaTehran." (Bronwen Maddox, 'Ambitious Iran izimisele ukutshekisa ibhalansi yamandla,' The Times, February 27, 2009). Kwakungekho mqondo wokuthi yi-US "enesifiso sokuvelela" futhi "enamandla" - enerekhodi elide nelihlazo lobudlova obubhekiswe e-Iran nakwamanye amazwe amaningi esifundeni - kanye nokulangazelela okufakazelwe ukugomela ukubusa kwayo.
Kuhambisana nesifundo, futhi kuhambisana kakhulu nezinto ezibalulekile kuzwe laseNtshonalanga, ukuthi abezindaba bebhizinisi baveze i-Iran njengosongo; "ama-mullahs abusayo" afisa ukwakha izikhali zenuzi noma "amasosha" aqondiswe yi-US "empini yayo yokwesaba."
I-Guardian 'ekhululekile' idlala indima yayo ohlelweni lwe-propaganda efanayo. Isiqephu sakamuva sikaRory McCarthy we-Guardian mayelana nombiko omusha ka-Amnesty mayelana nezikhali eMpumalanga Ephakathi sabeka i-Iran ngokungeyikho ekunikezeni izikhali iHamas eGaza. UMcCarthy wabhala:
"Ngohlangothi lwabo, amaphekula asePalestine eGaza ayehlome 'ngezikhali ezingahlakaniphile' okuhlanganisa namarokhethi enziwe eRussia, Iran naseChina, kusho yena." (McCarthy, 'Misa usizo lwezempi kwa-Israyeli, U-Amnesty unxusa u-Obama ngemva kokuchaza imininingwane yezikhali zase-US ezisetshenziswa eGaza,' The Guardian, February 23, 2009; http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/feb/23/military-aid-israel-amnesty)
Lokhu-ke, ngokusho kukaMcCarthy, yilokho "it", u-Amnesty, wathi.
Kodwa empeleni u-Amnesty + akuwona + umthombo wezinsolo ngomsuka wamarokhethi asePalestine. U-Amnesty wayemane ecaphuna incwadi ethi 'Janes Defense Weekly' futhi yona yayingekho esimweni sokuqinisekisa izimangalo. Okubi kakhulu ku-Guardian, njengoba umbiko ka-Amnesty wakwenza kwacaca, izimangalo empeleni zisuka kwezokuphepha kanye nemithombo yamaphoyisa yakwa-Israyeli neyaseGibhithe. Izimangalo ezinjalo kufanele ziphathwe ngokuqapha okukhulu futhi, okungenani, zinikezwe uMnakekeli ngendlela efanele.
Okubi nakakhulu, u-Amnesty ube nalokhu okushiwo mayelana nesimangalo sokuthi amarokhethi ahlinzekwe e-Iran:
"Kube nemibiko eminingi yokuthi i-Iran ihlinzeke ngezikhali zempi nezikhali, okuhlanganisa namarokhethi, kuHamas namanye amaqembu ahlomile asePalestine kodwa i-Amnesty International ayikabuboni ubufakazi bokuqinisekisa lezi zinsolo." (I-Amnesty International, 'Ingxabano eqhubekayo: Izimpahla zezikhali zangaphandle kwa-Israel/Gaza,' Inkomba ye-AI: MDE 15/012/2009, February 23, 2009; http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/MDE15/012/2009/en; Ikhasi 31)
Sabhalela bobabili uRory McCarthy kanye noSiobhain Butterworth, umhleli wabafundi, siphakamisa ukuthi bashicilele ukulungisa ngokushesha ku-Guardian. Njengenjwayelo, sathola ukuthula kuphela ekuphenduleni.
Ama-Nukes Anobungane - U-Israyeli Akasongeli Noma Ubani, Akazange Akwenze
Akekho umuntu ohluzekile engqondweni ofuna impi yenuzi. Isiphi isenzo esisodwa esingaba sibi ukwedlula leso sokushiswa komuzi ogcwele amadoda, abesifazane nezingane? Yilokhu okwenziwa yiMelika, kabili, ekuqhumeni kwayo ngamabhomu e-athomu eHiroshima naseNagasaki. (Bona uDavid Cromwell, 'Umjaho Ubheke Kwalasha,' I-Media Lens Cogitations, Januwari 15, 2008; http://www.medialens.org/cogitations/080115_racing_towards_the.php)
Ubani ongaphikisana nomgomo weZizwe Ezihlangene โwokumisa eMpumalanga Ephakathi indawo engenazo izikhali ezibhubhisayo nayo yonke imicibisholo ezolethwaโ? (isinqumo se-UN 687, April 3, 1991; http://www.fas.org/news/un/iraq/sres/sres0687.htm)
Kodwa ukwesaba okuqinile, kanye nokuxokozela kwabezindaba, nge-Iran ngokuvamile akunaki iqiniso lokuthi sekunesizwe esihlome ngezikhali zenuzi endaweni - i-Israel. Kodwa u-Israyeli ungumngane wasentshonalanga ngakho-ke kufanele athathwe njengonobuntu.
Izilinganiso zenqwaba yezikhali zenuzi zakwa-Israyeli zisukela kuma-warheads angama-70 kuye kwangama-400. Ukuhlola okushicilelwe yi-Federation of American Scientists ngo-2007 kwaphetha ngokuthi inani okungenzeka kakhulu liku-100-200. (USteven Aftergood noHans M. Kristensen, 'Izikhali zenuzi - Israel,' Federation of American Scientists, zibuyekezwe ngoJanuwari 8, 2007; http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/israel/nuke/)
Ngo-2008, i-BBC yabika isitatimende sikaMongameli wangaphambili wase-US uJimmy Carter sokuthi i-Israel inezikhali zenuzi โezingu-150 noma ngaphezuluโ. (I-BBC ku-inthanethi, 'i-Israel "inezikhali zenuzi eziyi-150",' 20:26 GMT, May 26, 2008; http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7420573.stm)
Ngokungafani ne-Iran, u-Israyeli akasayini iSivumelwano Sokungabhebhetheki Kwezikhali zenuzi. Futhi ngokungafani ne-Iran, i-Israel ayikuvumeli ukuhlolwa kwamazwe ngamazwe kwezindawo zayo zenuzi. Eqinisweni, i-Israel ayikaze ivume ngokusemthethweni ukuthi inezikhali zenuzi, esikhundleni salokho ilandela "inqubomgomo yokungaqondakali." Kodwa-ke, ngokushelela okuyihlazo, undunankulu wakwa-Israel u-Ehud Olmert watshela intatheli yethelevishini yaseJalimane ngo-2006 ukuthi i-Iran "ifisa ukuba nesikhali senuzi njengeMelika, iFrance, i-Israel neRussia."
U-Olmert uphendule ngokucasuka lapho ebuzwa ukuthi uhlelo luka-Israyeli lwenuzi okusolwa ukuthi lwenza buthaka icala laseNtshonalanga ngokumelene ne-Iran, egcizelela ukuthi akukho ukuqhathanisa okunjalo okungenziwa:
"I-Israel ibuswa ngentando yeningi, i-Israel ayisabisi noma yiliphi izwe nganoma yini, ayikaze yenze."
Uthe i-Iran ngeke iqhathaniswe ne-US, Russia, France kanye ne-UK, njengoba i-Iran isabise โngokusula u-Israyeli ebalazweni.โ (Ukuze uthole ukuphikiswa kwalokhu kuhunyushwa kabi okuvela ku-Farsi, bheka u-Jonathan Steele, 'Lost in translation,' The Guardian, June 14, 2006; http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2006/jun/14/post155)
U-Olmert wachaza ngobuqotho:
โUkhuluma ngamazwe aphucuzekile angazisongeli izisekelo zomhlaba [futhi] angasongeli amanye amazwe ngokuthi azosebenzisa izikhali zenuzi ukuze azicekele phansi. Yingakho kunomehluko omkhulu.โ (Associated Press kanye ne-Ynet, 'Olmert: I-Iran ifuna izikhali zenuzi njenge-Israel,' Disemba 12, 2006; http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3338783,00.html)
Ngo-2006, uNobhala Wezokuvikela waseMelika uRobert Gates watshela ikomidi leSenethi ukuthi i-Israel inezikhali zenuzi nokuthi lezi zingase zinikeze i-Iran ugqozi lokuzitholela ezalo. Waze waqaphela ukuthi i-Iran ibhekene nosongo olungase lube khona e-US:
"Bona [i-Iran] bazungezwe amandla anezikhali zenuzi - iPakistan empumalanga yabo, amaRussia enyakatho, ama-Israel entshonalanga nathi ePersian Gulf." (Associated Press, 'UNobhala Ongenayo Wezokuvikela wase-US utshela iphaneli yeSenethi ukuthi i-Israel inezikhali zenuzi,' Ha'aretz, December 9, 2006; http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/798405.html)
I-Memory Hole ka-Orwell
Umuntu usesha ize noma yikuphi ukuhlaziya kwabezindaba okugxile esiqongweni esikhulu sakwa-Israyeli sezikhali zenuzi ezingaphezu kuka-150. Iphi ingxoxo ejulile yokuthi i-Israel ingase ibe nesizathu sokuphambukisa ukunaka kwezikhali zayo zenuzi ngokubhuqa ukwesaba nge-Iran?
Okungcono kakhulu, kuba khona ukuvuma ngekhanda okucashile ngezikhathi ezithile okuqondiswe kweqiniso elingakhululekile. Isibonelo, umhleli we-Guardian's Middle East, u-Ian Black, waphawula ngokungananazi ukuthi:
"I-Israel, enezikhali zayo zenuzi ezingakamenyezelwa, sekunesikhathi ixwayisa ngokuthi i-Iran iseduze kakhulu kunokukholelwa entshonalanga ukuthi ingakwazi ukwakha ibhomu." (U-Ian Black, 'i-US yesaba ukuthi i-Iran inamandla okwakha ibhomu lenuzi,' The Guardian, March 2, 2009)
Kodwa ingabe u-Israyeli ubemane โexwayisaโ, ngendlela yesakhamuzi esinomthwalo wemfanelo esishayela amaphoyisa ucingo mayelana nesibhamu esihlanya esizulazula emigwaqweni? Noma ingabe, mhlawumbe, bekulokhu kusaba ukwesaba nge-Iran ngezinhloso zayo - kanye nalezo zamandla ase-US?
Manje sekucishe kungavezwa emithonjeni yezindaba ukuthi u-Israyeli enze umsebenzi omkhulu wezempi empumalanga yeMedithera ngoJuni odlule. Lokhu kwakubandakanya amabhomu ayi-100, izindiza ezinophephela emhlane kanye nezindiza ezifaka uphethiloli emoyeni phezu kwe-Crete, amakhilomitha angu-1,400 ukusuka kwa-Israel - cishe ibanga elifanayo elihlukanisa i-Israel nesikhungo sase-Iran sokunothisa i-uranium e-Natanz.
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuzivocavoca, iphini likandunankulu wakwa-Israel, uShaul Mofaz, uthe:
"Uma i-Iran iqhubeka nohlelo lwayo lokwakha izikhali zenuzi, sizoyihlasela. Ithuba livaliwe. Izijeziso azisebenzi. Ngeke kube khona okunye ngaphandle kokuhlasela i-Iran ukuze kumiswe uhlelo lwenuzi lwase-Iran." (UJonathan Steele, 'u-Israyeli ucele ukukhanya okuluhlaza kwe-US ukuthi kuqhume i-Iran,' I-Guardian, Septhemba 26, 2008)
Ngaso leso sikhathi, i-US yamemezela ukuthi izothengisa amabhomu "ahlakaniphile" akwa-Israyeli angu-1,000, akwazi ukungena ku-90 cm kakhonkolo oqiniswe ngensimbi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kubikwe ukuthi i-US kanye ne-Israel basezingxoxweni ezithuthukisiwe mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwe-Israel's Arrow II missile shield.
Ngo-2007, amabutho akwa-Israel ahlasela isikhungo senuzi saseSyria. Ngokubonakala engakwazi ukuthola ukusekelwa kwe-US ngeziteleka ezifanayo ngokumelene ne-Iran, u-Israel usungule โimpi ecashileโ ehlanganisa abagadli, ukucekelwa phansi kwempahla, izinkampani zangaphambili kanye nama-ejenti amabili ukumisa โiphrojekthi yezikhali ezingekho emthethweni zombuso.โ (Sherwell, op. cit.)
Nakuba lezi zenzakalo ziye zanikezwa ukwaziswa okulinganiselwe, njalo, futhi ngokushesha, ziyanyamalala phansi 'kwi-memory hole' ye-Orwellian. Amaqiniso angalungile ayakhohlwa noma awanakwa. Ngandlela thize, amachashazi - irekhodi elide lamazwe aseNtshonalanga lezenzo zobugebengu, izinsongo zawo zamanje kanye nezinhloso zesu ezithathe isikhathi eside - azihlanganiswa. Ngandlela thize, akukho mbiko ojulile noma ukuhlaziywa kwesitoko sika-Israyeli esisabisa kakhulu sezikhali zenuzi; noma usongo โlomngane wethuโ ekungazinzini kwesifunda nasemhlabeni jikelele. Ngandlela thize, ukwesekwa okukhulu kwezwe laseNtshonalanga (ikakhulukazi i-US) kwezezimali, ezokusebenzelana nemibono ye-Israel ehlome ngezikhali zenuzi akuyona ingxenye yendaba.
Konke lokhu akuxoxwa ngakho nganoma iyiphi indlela ephusile, esekelwa abasakazi 'abavamile' namaphephandaba. Ngakho-ke, njengabanye abaningi esifundeni, abantu base-Iran basalokhu benqamula iziqhumane zaseNtshonalanga; njengoba nje ama-Iraqi ayenjalo.
Ngokudabukisayo, le nhlanganisela ebulalayo yokuthula kwabezindaba kanye nokuphambukiswa kuzoveza izidumbu ezengeziwe, ukucwiywa kwezitho zomzimba, izisulu ezengeziwe ezidalwe usizi, ukwesaba nosizi.
Noma yiziphi izinyathelo ngamunye wethu angazithatha ukuze inselele i-ajenda yamandla asakazwa ngabezindaba iwufanele umzamo.
ISENZO ESIPHAKANYISIWE
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Bhalela uJeremy Bowen, umhleli we-BBC News Middle East
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Bhalela u-Ian Black, umhleli we-Guardian Middle East
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Bhalela uRory McCarthy, intatheli ye-Guardian
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Bhalela uSiobhain Butterworth, umhleli we-Guardian reader
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