Njengoba ngindizela ngisuka e-JFK ngiya e-Port-au-Prince Airport ngo-August 11, enye intatheli yanginika ingxenye engaphambili ye-New York Times yalolo suku ihleka. Umngane wami wakhomba isiqephu esihlokweni esikhuluma ngempi yaseRussia neGeorgia esamenza wahleka kancane.
Lesi siqeshana sicaphune iNxusa u-Zalmay Khalizad wase-United States, owabeka icala lokuthi ungqongqoshe wezangaphandle waseRussia utshele uNobhala Wezwe u-Condoleeza Rice "ukuthi umongameli waseGeorgia okhethwe ngentando yeningi 'kumele ahambe."
Kunjalo, ukuma kweWashington njengesibani sokuthula nenkululeko sekuya ngokuya kuba yinhlekisa njengoba izimpi zase-Iraq nase-Afghanistan ziqhubeka ngokungapheli futhi uBush uchaza ukuthi asihlukumezi ngenkathi ubufakazi bokuphikisana bunqwabelana emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa indima yase-US ekusekeleni ukuketulwa umbuso kwangomhla zingama-29 kuNhlolanja wezi-2004 eHaiti yenza ubuzenzisi besitatimende sikaKhalizad buthuntuthe kakhulu.
IBush Administration yakwenza kwacaca ukuthi umongameli waseHaiti okhethwe ngokwentando yeningi uJean-Bertrand Aristide kwadingeka ahambe, wabe esemyisa eCentral African Republic ngaphansi kwe-US Marine Guard (njengoba kuchazwe encwadini kaRandall Robinson enhle kakhulu ethi An Unbroken Agony) njengophiko olunonya lwesokudla. ukuthathwa kwezempi kwathatha izwe lika-Aristide. Uhulumeni wokuketula umbuso, amabutho e-UN, kanye namasosha amelene no-Aristide abulale abantu ababalelwa ku-4,000 eminyakeni emibili ezayo, ngokocwaningo olushicilelwe ephephabhukwini lezempilo laseBrithani elihlonishwayo i-Lancet.
Phakathi kwezishoshovu eziningi ezisekela u-Aristide ezaphoqwa ukuba zidingiswe kwakukhona nomholi waphansi uLovinsky Pierre-Antoine. U-Lovinsky, umuntu obalulekile esikhungweni sasePort-au-Prince senhlangano ka-Aristide kaLavalas, ubuyele eHaiti ngesikhathi sokuvulwa kwentando yeningi ngemuva kokhetho luka-2006 lukaMongameli Rene Preval.
Ngabona u-Lovinsky ekhuluma ngoJulayi 2007 embukisweni ngaphesheya kwendlunkulu ye-MINUSTAH, umkhankaso we-UN eHaiti. Lo mcimbi bekuwumkhosi wokukhumbula i-US Marine 1915 yathatha izwe eliyisiqhingi. ULovinsky uhole isixuku esinomoya sabantu baseHaiti abangaba ngu-50, abaningi asebekhulile. Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo esaphenduka isishoshovu safunda ngenkani umthethosivivinywa wecala ngokumelene ne-UN: Ukuqinisekisa kuka-MINUSTAH ukuketula umbuso ngo-2004 ngokuthatha indawo yegagasi lokuqala lamasosha ase-US, French, kanye naseCanada, futhi esekela uhulumeni ongekho emthethweni; Amasosha e-UN abandakanyeka ekubulaweni kwabantu abangahlomile; kanye nokwenza umsebenzi wanamuhla wamakoloni waseHaiti. Njengoba izintatheli ezimbalwa nezishoshovu ziqopha umsindo noma ividiyo eshuthwe yale nkulumo evuthayo, ngaphesheya kwe-Ave. U-John Brown emnyango we-UN inhlanganisela yamasosha agqoke umfaniswano nagqoke iyunifomu emele idlanzana lamazwe abamba iqhaza ku-MINUSTAH uchofoze amakhamera edijithali akhombe u-Lovinsky. Lokhu kubonakale kuyisu lokusabisa, uma kubhekwa imisebenzi eseduze i-UN eye yayenza namaphoyisa aseHaiti adume ngokuba nesihluku (njengoba kubhalwe embikweni ovela e-Harvard Law School nase-University of Miami Law School). Emasontweni ambalwa kamuva, u-Lovinsky wathunjwa ngemuva kokuhlangana nethimba lamalungelo abantu abavela e-US Akakaze azwakale kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.
U-Agasti 12 wawuwunyaka owodwa wokunyamalala kukaLovinsky. Ngahamba nginomuzwa ocwilayo ukuya embukisweni wokukhumbula usuku oludabukisayo. Kwakunzima ukukholelwa ukuthi isibalo esimangalisa kangaka, esizinikezele sasilahlekile unyaka wonke. Ababhikishi abaphakathi kuka-150 no-200, abaningi ababegqoke izikibha ezinesimo sikaLovinsky, bamasha benza isiyingi bezungeza isithombe sendoda ebambe ijuba phezulu enkabeni yePlaza of the Martyrs. U-Aristide wakha isikhumbuzo sokukhumbula izinkulungwane ezabulawa ekuketulweni umbuso kokuqala (okusekelwe e-US) ngokumelene naye ngo-1991-1994.
Isishoshovu sikaLavalas uRene Civil, owaboshwa ngamacala angamanga ngo-2006 kodwa wakhululwa ngaphansi kwemibandela ethile ngemuva komkhankaso wamazwe ngamazwe egameni lakhe, ekhuluma nesixuku. Uthe ukunyamalala kukaLovinsky kwakuwusongo kubalandeli bakaLavalas, kuhloswe ukubavimba ekuzabalazeleni ukubuya kuka-Aristide.
Njengoba umbhikisho uqhubeka edolobheni lasePort-au-Prince, kwalandela izimoto eziningi zamaphoyisa. Amaphoyisa abevele evimbe imigwaqo ngasePlaza of Martyrs, abagqugquzeli bombhikisho abathi benzelwe ukudikibalisa abantu abaningi ukuthi babambe iqhaza. Ukuba khona kwamaphoyisa njengoba imashi iphela phambi kweSigodlo Sesizwe kwakungelula, kodwa i-jeep enamasosha ayisithupha aseBrazil ahlome kakhulu yayinobutha. Ngabathatha izithombe njengoba omunye wabo engithwebula.
Ngakusasa ngabuyela eSigodlweni Sabafel 'ukholo, lapho i-September 30th Foundation, iqembu elasungulwa ngokuhlanganyela ngu-Lovinsky ukuze lisekele ukunxeshezelwa kanye nobulungiswa kwabahlukunyezwa ukuketulwa umbuso ngo-1991, libamba umbhikisho ngo-11 ekuseni njalo ngoLwesithathu. Kusukela umholi wabo (ilungu elilodwa langitshela ukuthi, "sibona uLovinsky njengobaba nomfowethu") uthunjiwe okugxilwe kakhulu kwesenzo samasonto onke bekulokhu kubizelwa ukubuya okuphephile kukaLovinsky.
U-Edwidge (ngenxa yokuphepha kwakhe, hhayi igama lakhe langempela), owesifazane obambe iqhaza embhikishweni, wangitshela ukuthi "uLovinsky wayevame ukusisiza. Sonke isikhathi silambile, manje asinamuntu." Uqhube wathi, "ULovinsky wayengesona isigebengu. Siyazi uma izicebi zithunjwa uhulumeni wenza konke okusemandleni ukuze abuyise isisulu. ULovinsky akayona inja, akasona isilwane. Ufanelwe ukuphathwa ngendlela efanayo nezicebi. Siphe umbiko. Uma efile, siphe amathambo, sizomngcwaba.
Abaningi babasekeli bakhe banethemba lokuthi umngane wabo ababemkhumbule kakhulu uyaphila. Abangamashumi amane ababekhona embhikishweni wangoLwesithathu bacule izingoma zezombusazwe ezisethelwe kumashuni endabuko evangeli (futhi, esikhathini esingangesisodwa, ingoma ye-vodou). Omunye ohunyushwa cishe ngokuthi "Izisulu zicela ukhiye / zisinikeze ukhiye ukuze sikwazi ukuvula umnyango wobulungisa / ngubani esicelayo? Lovinsky!"
Engxoxweni kamuva ngalolo suku, ummeli wamalungelo abantu uMario Joseph weBureau des Avocats Internationaux (BAI) wangitshela ukuthi ngandlela thize i-Preval Administration "yimbi kakhulu kunohulumeni wesikhashana [wokuvukela umbuso]." UJoseph uthe utshele inxusa laseHaiti eWashington, "uhulumeni wakho udinga ukwenza uphenyo ... [kodwa] eLovinsky, abafuni ukwenza lutho." UJoseph uthi, "Uhulumeni Odlule uyaqhubeka nezinqubomgomo zikahulumeni we-Latortue [we-coup]," futhi uthi iningi lalabo abaphethe manje bangabaphucwe kuhulumeni ongekho emthethweni wezi-2004-2006.
(Isishoshovu sikaLavalas esisebenze no-Aristide kusukela ngo-1984 futhi esasikhuluma nge-Preval, sangitshela, "endizeni yezenhlalakahle nezomnotho, singasebenza naye." Kodwa leli lungu leNational Cell for the Reflection of the Grassroots, owashaywa kabuhlungu kwaze kwadingeka ukuthi alaliswe esibhedlela ngaphansi kombuso ka-2004-2006, wathi bonke โongqongqoshe, amanxusa, nezithunywaโ ezasala ngesikhathi sokuketula umbuso โizigebenguโ okufanele zixoshwe.)
Umndeni kaJoseph kudingeke ukuthi uthuthele eMiami ngenxa yokusongelwa ngokubulawa. Ephawula ukuthi abahlukumezi bamalungelo abantu abasiza ekuboshweni kuka-Aristide beqa ejele ngemuva kuka-2004, ummeli uthe, "Badinga ukubopha abantu abeqa ejele. Impilo yami isengcupheni."
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, uJosefa usamatasa kakhulu evikela iziboshwa, ezinye zazo eziye zayiswa ezindaweni ezikude okunzima ukuya kuzo. Eziboshwa zezombangazwe ezisagqunywe ejele, uthe, "Nginomsebenzi omningi okufanele ngiwenze, kunzima ukulandela umkhondo," kodwa wathi "zingaphezu kwe-100." Iningi lezibalo ze-Lavalas ezisezingeni eliphezulu zikhululiwe kodwa izishoshovu eziningi ezingaziwayo eziqhubekayo zisavaliwe. UJoseph wachaza, "babe nokuxhumana nokunyakaza kweLavalas, yingakho beboshiwe." Abanye bacabanga ukuthi isibalo seziboshwa zezombangazwe siphezulu, uma kubhekwa abantu abaningi abampofu abacoshwe ezindaweni "ezidumile," noma i-pro-Lavalas, omakhelwane. (Iningi leziboshwa ezisemajele agcwele ngokweqile ezweni alikaliboni ijaji, nakuba umthethosisekelo waseHaiti uthi zonke iziboshwa kufanele zithole ijaji engakapheli amahora angu-48 ziboshiwe.) UJoseph ugcizelele ukuthi amacala abekwayo โangaqondakaliโ ekushaneleni okunjalo. "Basola izingane ngokuba ngamalungu ezigelekeqe, izigelekeqe, kanye 'nokuzihlanganisa nabenzi bobubi,' okuyizindlela ezifanayo nalezo ezazingaphansi [kwalowo owayengumashiqela] uDuvalier."
UJoseph wafaka isimangalo sokudlwengulwa kwamasosha aseSri Lanka asolwa ngokuhlukumeza ngokocansi amantombazane aseHaiti, kodwa akuzange kube khona ukushushiswa. AbaseSri Lanka bathunyelwa ekhaya ngomkhumbi. Ukwengeza inhlamba ekulimaleni, ukuba khona kwe-UN kuye kwaba nomthelela omubi wokwenyuka kwamanani emali eziqashweni nezinye izindleko eziyisisekelo. Ama-UN SUV abonakala kuyo yonke imiphakathi ekhethekile evalekile ePort-au-Prince, kodwa imali ye-UN ayiconsi kubantu abaningi abampofu bezwe, ababhekene nesikhathi esinzima nesinzima kakhulu sokusinda. Abathengisi abaningi basemgwaqweni abahlezi ekhoneni eligcwele izikhukhula emakethe engaphandle endaweni yaseLasaline yedolobha bangitshele ukuthi izindleko zenkomishi yerayisi ziphindeke kabili selokhu kwaba nezibhelu zokudla enhloko-dolobha ngo-Ephreli. Abadayisi babengasakwazi ukonga lutho, futhi babengazi ukuthi bazohlangana kanjani ukuze bakhokhele izingane zabo imali yesikole ngoSepthemba. Emanzini amile ezinyaweni zabo kwakubonakala izimuncagazi. Umsebenzi wezempilo kamuva waqinisekisa inani elikhulu lezingane ezinezikelemu emizimbeni yazo.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela