Umthombo: Venezuelanalysis.com
I-Alexis Vive Patriotic Force yazalelwa endaweni yabasebenzi i-barrio 23 de Enero ngesikhathi se- 2002 counter-coup. Inhlangano, ezithatha njengeGuevarist kanye neLeninist, ihlose ukwenza iphrojekthi kaChรกvez yokwakha i-socialism ngokusebenzisa amakhomanisi. Ukuze bafeze lokho, ngo-2006 bakha i- I-El Panal Commune, ekhiqiza kokubili izimpahla eziyisisekelo njengesinkwa nezingubo kanye nesiko lenguquko. Le ngxoxo nomkhulumeli wayo omkhulu, u-Robert Longa, isinika ukukhanya kulowo msebenzi womphakathi kanye nombono wenhlangano wekusasa.
Eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu edlule, kuqhubeke February 4, 1992, uHugo Chรกvez waba igama elidumile njengomholi wokuvukela umbuso wezempi. Lazizwa kanjani ithonya lakhe ku-23 de Enero umakhelwane?
February 4 walandela ezinyathelweni zokuvukela umbuso Februwari 27 [1989, the Caracazo], ukuqhuma okukhulu kwezenhlalo okubangelwa ukwehluleka ngokuphelele kwemodeli ekhona yomphakathi. Eminyakeni emithathu kamuva kwaba nokuvukela kwezempi kukaChรกvez.
Manje, i-elementi eyayingekho ngomhlaka-27 yayilapho ngomhlaka-4. Ngokuphambene nalokho, okwakungekho ngomhlaka-4 kwakukhona mhla zingama-27. I-Caracazo yahlanganisa uquqaba: amashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu aya emigwaqweni futhi azwakalisa ukungahambisani nomyalelo okhona. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uFebhuwari 4 ube ne-vanguard kanye nenjongo yamasu, kodwa uquqaba aluzange lubambe iqhaza. I-Bolivarian Revolution iwukuhlanganiswa kwalezo zikhathi ezimbili: iletha i-vanguard noquqaba ndawonye.
Okokuqala futhi okubalulekile, ngiyindodana yeCaracazo, kodwa uChรกvez wanikeza isiqondiso samasu kubantu ababevukele ngokuzenzakalelayo ngo-1989. Wabuye wachaza kabusha isihloko soguquko, esikhumbuza ukuthi amasosha aseVenezuela - avela esigabeni sabasebenzi, hhayi. kusukela kwabaphezulu - kungaba neqhaza elibalulekile ekuguquleni umphakathi.
Februwari 4th, i-1992, wavula isifundo esisha emlandweni wezwe lakithi. Ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union nalokho okuthiwa โukuphela komlando,โ ukuvukela kukaChรกvez kwasinika ithemba: kwakungenzeka elinye ikusasa leVenezuela.
Umoya we-Caracazo yango-1989 kanye nokuvukela umbuso wezempi wango-1992 uyaphila futhi uyaphila endaweni yase-El Panel. Iyini imfihlo?
Esigabeni sokucabanga kwakhe ngempi, u-Che wabhala ukuthi ukukhuthazwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo akwanele, ukuthi kufanele kube nesikhuthazo sokuziphatha lapho inhloso kuwukuhlalisana kwabantu. Lokhu kusemqoka ekuchazeni kukaChe [amaphutha] eSoviet Union.
Okuhlangenwe nakho kwethu kuyasifundisa: nakuba ubuholi bemvelo nokuzimela kwezomnotho kubalulekile ekwakheni umphakathi, ukwazi kubalulekile. Sicabanga ukuthi i-vanguard ibalulekile, kodwa kufanele ihlakazeke emphakathini.
Ukwakha amandla akabili aphikisana namandla onxiwankulu kubaluleke kakhulu, futhi umkhandlu udlala indima ebalulekile lapho. Kuphrojekthi yethu yomphakathi, i-thesis ye-Leninist yokuthatha amandla iguqulwa ibe umsebenzi wokuyenga uquqaba ngesibonelo sethu.
Kufanele sifinyelele ephuzwini lokungabuyi.
U-Chรกvez ukhulume mayelana nephuzu lokungabuyi, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kwakubonakala sengathi kuhlanganisa umbono oqondile noma we-metaphysical. Phela, zonke izinto zomuntu zingahlehliswa. Ingabe โiphuzu lokungabuyiโ noma ukungahlehliseki lisho ukuthini kuwena?
Yebo, ngokombono we-dialectical, siyaqonda ukuthi ukuphikisana kuhlala unomphela futhi zonke izakhiwo zabantu ziyahlehliswa. Ngenkathi u-Chรกvez ekhuluma ngokungabuyiseleki emuva, ngicabanga ukuthi wayekhuluma ngokuqala okuthile okwakungasiphikisa isimo samanje sezindaba.
Kithina, lokhu kusho ukwakha izimo ezizimele nezinenhloso ukuze iphrojekthi yomphakathi isebenze.
Eminyakeni emine edlule, phakathi nempi yezomnotho, satshala ama-brigade asebenzayo ezweni lonke, sethula imali yethu, njll. Ngale ndlela, sathuthuka kodwa futhi saba nezithiyo. Manje, ngemva kokumiswa kwalolu bhubhane, sesakha kabusha okwethusayo, futhi inqubo yokuzigxeka isiholele ekuqondeni ukuthi ukwakheka kanye nemfundo kubaluleke kakhulu. Futhi sicabanga ukuthi, ukuze umphakathi ukhule ngempela, kufanele uzimele ngokwezomnotho, usebenze ngendlela efanele, futhi usebenzele ukukhululwa kwabantu.
Sakha ukuzimela kwamasu njengoba sikhuluma. Umhlangano awukwazi ukwehliswa kulokho okukhona. I-El Panal ibe nenqubo yokubambisana, yenguquko. Manje kufanele sibhekane futhi silwe nolwandle lonxiwankulu: amaqhinga ethu awanakunqunywa yingqikithi yethu. Izisebenzi zamaholo azikwazi ukuhlela umsebenzi wethu.
Sicabanga ukuthi i-commune akufanele nje ibe i-facade enhle ehlala incike ohlelweni olukhona. Imiphakathi ayikwazi ukuba izinxibi ezihlale zifuna izinsiza zikahulumeni. I-commune iwukwakhiwa okuphelele, futhi amandla adumile azimele kufanele abe maphakathi nawo.
Isiphi isithiyo esikhulu ekwakhiweni komphakathi lapha? Ingabe i ukuvinjelwa, izinkinga zezomnotho, noma izinguquko zangaphakathi? Noma ingabe inhlanganisela yazo zontathu?
Izinselelo ziningi: zonke lezi nezinye eziningi, okuhlanganisa nemibono ebusayo, esitshela ukuthi akukho okungashintsha, ukuthi kufanele udle, ukuthi uyikho okungokwakho. Yingakho isiqubulo esithi [2001] Porto Alegre Social Forum sihlala sibalulekile kithi: omunye umhlaba kungenzekaโฆ futhi kuleso siqubulo, sivumelana nesengezo sika-Chรกvez: izwe elingcono lingenzeka uma kuyi-socialist.
Kodwa ukuze kuvele lowo mhlaba omusha sidinga ukuqinisa ukulungiselela kwethu imibono futhi sithole amakhono ezobuchwepheshe nawesayensi. Lokhu kunomthelela kumkhakha ngamunye kanye neqoqo, yingakho sivame ukucabanga ngenguquko yamasiko kaMao. Uma ukuthengwa kwabathengi yikho okuchaza umqondo ojwayelekile ku-capitalism, i-collectivism kumele ichaze indlela yethu yokucabanga.
Ukwakha isigodi kulokho okubiza ngokuthi โulwandle lonxiwankuluโ kumelela inselelo enkulu, kodwa ukwakha idolobhana kunzima nakakhulu. Impahla yenhlalo yomhlaba akuyona inketho ezindaweni zasemadolobheni futhi abantu bakhethwa kakhulu ukuhlukaniswa nonxiwankulu. Uzilwela kanjani?
Yebo, sibhekana nezinselele eziningi. Kodwa ngingasho ukuthi noma yimuphi umphakathi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wasemaphandleni noma wasemadolobheni, kufanele unqobe ukuhlukaniswa nesilingo sokwakha umbukiso ohlukanisiwe nabantu.
Izakhamuzi zaseCaracas zijwayele ukunethezeka ezihlinzekwa yirenti kawoyela futhi zingase zingazimisele kangako ukuzidela, kodwa uma wakha isigodi endaweni. inkambu lapho ungahlali uhlushwa yinxanxathela yezitolo, uzobhekana nezinye izinselele: mhlawumbe ukuze ufike emhlanganweni kufanele uhambe amahora amaningi noma ugxume esikebheni. Noma ungase ube nezinkinga zangempela zokuthola amathuluzi noma imishini oyidingayo ukuze ukhulise izitshalo zakho.
Inselele enkulu esibhekene nayo manje - futhi lokhu kuya emiphakathini yasemadolobheni neyasemaphandleni - ukubola okudalwe yinkinga. Izinhloso zezinto ezibonakalayo zisibekele amaphupho. Kungakho sithi ukuze kuqedwe i-metabolism yonxiwankulu, kufanele sikwazi ukuyenga izixuku ekucabangeni - kanye noChรกvez - ukuthi omunye umhlaba ungenzeka.
Umhlangano awukwazi ukuba iklabhu yabangani abavele baxoxe ngenguquko kodwa abangenazo izixhumanisi pueblo. Uma kukhulunywa ngokwakhiwa komphakathi wasemadolobheni, lokhu kusho ukusebenza nomakhelwane we-lumpen kanye ne umakhelwane isixhwanguxhwangu ukuze abalethe eceleni kwethu. Kodwa ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, imodeli entsha kufanele ibonakale.
Lapho silahlekelwa uChรกvez, ingxenye ebalulekile yabantu yalahlekelwa ithemba. Namuhla, kufanele siphinde siyenge abantu futhi sakhe kabusha ithemba.
Ngaphandle kwamaphrojekthi akhiqizayo kanye nezinhlelo zemfundo, yini eyenziwa yi-El Panal Commune ukuyenga pueblo?
Sihlanganisa izinhloso zamaqhinga nesu lethu. Isu lethu liwumphakathi, kodwa futhi sinikeza izixazululo ezinkingeni ezithile. Sakha isifunda sezomnotho ngebhange lomphakathi okufanele likwazi ukubhekana nezidingo zomphakathi. Izindlela zethu zokukhiqiza ziyakhula futhi kufanele zibe senkonzweni ye pueblo. Siphinde sisebenzele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izikole zihlala zivuliwe, njll.
Okokugcina, sikhuthaza izindawo zokungcebeleka zentsha, imiqhudelwano yezemidlalo, imibukiso yokudansa, njll. Ngamanye amazwi, umphakathi kufanele wethule uhlobo lwempilo olungewona umsebenzi nokufunda kuphela, kodwa futhi ukuzijabulisa nokudlala.
Ukulahleka kwethemba obukusho ekuqaleni kuhambisane nokuguqukela ku-pragmatism ezingeni likahulumeni. Yini okufanele yenziwe ukuze kwethulwe kabusha amaphupho namaphrojekthi ka-Chรกvez afuna ukuvelela abuyele emphakathini waseVenezuela?
U-Chรกvez usishiyele ifa elikhulu kunokuphila, futhi uMongameli Maduro wenze okusemandleni akhe ukuze singanyathelwa yi-imperialist boot. Manje ihora lenhlangano ethandwayo. Onxiwankulu, abadala nabasha, bathuthuka ngephrojekthi yomuntu ngamunye ekhohlisa impilo. Khonamanjalo, isigaba sabasebenzi singenelwe yi-ideology yokuthenga. Yisikhathi sokukhombisa ukuthi imakethe ngeke ixazulule izinkinga zethu: indlela iwumphakathi.
NjengoChe, kufanele sigcine ukukhathala kwethu kwempi namabhuzu ethu kuvuliwe. Kodwa-ke, inkundla yethu yempi manje akusiyo iSierra Maestra, inkundla yethu yempi iyindawo lapho izindonga zokuthengwa kwabathengi kanye nokuzikhethela komuntu ngamunye zihlukanisa isigaba sabasebenzi. Kumele sehlise lezo zindonga, futhi ezindaweni ezintsha ezivulekayo, kufanele sibonise ukuthi i-commune akuyona nje iphrojekthi esebenzayo, kodwa inikeza enye indlela engcono kubantu abasebenzayo.
Amandla adumile kanye nokuqedwa kombuso wonxiwankulu, lokho kuwumkhathi wethu sonke njengama-communards. Sizokwazi yini ukukwenza? Angazi, kodwa sisempambanweni wokuphila nokufa. Ngokohlangothi lwethu, sibeka ukubheja kwethu ngokuphila, futhi senza konke esingakwenza ukunqoba umkhankaso wokufa wonxiwankulu.
Yiqiniso, lokhu kuthatha umsebenzi omningi. Njengoba uTrotsky angasho, uguquko akuyona indaba yosuku olulodwa, akusona isiphepho sesakhiwo sikahulumeni: inguquko yinto ehlala njalo. Kithina, kwa-El Panal Commune, lokhu kusho ukuhlela ngokucophelela imodeli yezomnotho ezilawulayo, ukwakha iphrojekthi yemfundo ezosilungiselela kokubili ngokwemibono nangobuchwepheshe... Futhi kufanele, njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, siyenge pueblo ngokuzibusa okubambekayo, komphakathi okunikeza enye indlela yangempela.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela