Impi yokwandisa ukulawula kwentando yeningi endaweni yokusebenza isanda kuthola isibhamu esikhulu engalweni.
Namuhla, uSen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) wethule umthetho oshanelayo ozokhulisa kakhulu amalungelo abasebenzi, wenze kube lula kubasebenzi ukujoyina izinyunyana, ukusheshisa izingxoxo zezinkontileka, ukubuyisela emuva imithetho “yelungelo lokusebenza” futhi ubambezele izinyunyana- ukuqhunyiswa kwamaqhinga ngabaqashi.
Umthetho, owaziwa ngokuthi iWorkplace Democracy Act (WDA), uxhaswe ngoSens. Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.), Kirsten Gillibrand (D-N.Y.), Tammy Baldwin (D-Wisc.) kanye noSherrod Brown. (D-Ohio) futhi ligunyazwe yizinyunyana ezinkulu ezingaphezu kweshumi nambili namaqembu abasebenzi.
Emcimbini ngolwesithathu ememezela lo mthetho, uSanders uthe: "Uma sizimisele ngokunciphisa ukungalingani kwemali engenayo nengcebo futhi sakhe kabusha isigaba esiphakathi, kufanele sikhuphule kakhulu isibalo semisebenzi yezinyunyana kuleli."
Uma uphasiswa, lo mthetho ubuzosabalalisa kabusha amandla emsebenzini ukuze kuzuze abasebenzi kakhulu kunabaqashi babo. Futhi lokho kuzokwenza ngokwelula intando yeningi lapho abantu baseMelika bechitha khona isikhathi esiningi sempilo yabo.
E-United States, umqondo wentando yeningi ngokuvamile uhlanganisa izithombe zamadokodo okuvota nezinkundla zamakhandidethi. Kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho abasebenzi behlangana ukuze bakhulumele izimfuno zabo futhi baphonsele inselelo amandla agxilile, basuke beqhuba intando yeningi. Ezimpilweni zansuku zonke, enye yezinkundla ezibaluleke kakhulu—kanye nendawo yonke—yalolu hlobo lwesenzo sentando yeningi yindawo yokusebenza.
Izinkampani nabaqashi banegunya elikhulu phezu kwezisebenzi, ezibatshela ukuthi yimaphi amahora osuku abasemsebenzini, ukuthi yini abavunyelwe ukuyisho ewashini, ukuthi bagqokani nokuthi bangaya nini endlini yangasese. Abaqashi baphinde banqume amaholo ezisebenzi kanye nohlobo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo abakutholayo (uma kukhona)—konke benosongo olungapheli lokuphelelwa umsebenzi uma noma nini umqashi enquma ukuthi bayayisebenzisa.
Lokhu kuguquguquka kwamandla yikho okuvumela abaqashi ukuthi bagcine abasebenzi bethobela noma ngaphansi kwezimo ezinyanyekayo. Futhi yingakho indima yezinyunyana zabasebenzi—ithuluzi eliyinhloko lokuqhubekisela phambili intando yeningi emsebenzini—ibaluleke kakhulu ekuvikeleni amalungelo abasebenzi ngesikhathi samandla ezinkampani angahloliwe.
Ukuqinisa amalungelo abasebenzi
I-WDA izokwenza lula uhlelo lokubumbana kwezinyunyana ngokuvumela iNational Labour Relations Board (NLRB) ukuthi iqinisekise inyunyana uma iningi labasebenzi abafanelekile lithi bafuna ukujoyina. Leyo nqubo, evame ukubizwa “ngokuhlola amakhadi,” izoqeda ukhetho lwezinyunyana futhi inikeze abasebenzi indlela ecacile yokuhlela izindawo zabo zokusebenza.
Njengoba kunjena, abaqashi banamandla anhlobonhlobo okuthonya kanye nokwesabisa abasebenzi ukuthi bavote ngokumelene nokuhlangana kwezinyunyana. Bavame ukuphoqa abasebenzi ukuthi bahambele imihlangano emelene nezinyunyana futhi basabise abasebenzi ababambe iqhaza ekuhleleni imikhankaso. I-WDA izonqanda lolu hlobo lokuziphatha futhi idale inkundla yokudlala esezingeni eliphakeme ngesikhathi sokushayela izinyunyana.
Abameli bezabasebenzi bakholelwa ukuthi izinguquko ezinjalo zibalulekile ekunikezeni abasebenzi izwi elinamandla emsebenzini. Engxoxweni no Kulezi zikhathi, David Johnson, National Field Director for the National Nurses United (NNU)—eye yagunyaza umthetho—uthi i-WDA “isinyathelo esibalulekile esiya phambili ekubuyiseleni okufanele kube amalungelo abasebenzi ngokomthethosisekelo ukuze bahlanganyele emsebenzini ohlangene ukuze bahlanganyele ngokukhululekile futhi bakhe izinyunyana eziqinile ukuba zizimelele futhi, endabeni yabahlengikazi ababhalisiwe, zimelele neziguli zabo.”
Lo mthetho uzophinde uchithe isigaba 14(b) soMthetho we-Taft-Hartley ka-1947, ovumele izifundazwe ezingama-28 ukuthi zishaye imithetho evimbela ikhono lezinyunyana lokuqoqa izimali ezikhokhwayo kumalungu ahlomula ezivumelwaneni zezingxoxo ezihlangene. Imithetho enjalo “yelungelo lokusebenza” yenze izinyunyana zaba buthaka kulezi zifundazwe futhi yaholela ekwehleni kweholo lonke labasebenzi.
Ngaphansi kwe-WDA, abaqashi kuzodingeka bangene ezingxoxweni zezinkontileka kungakapheli izinsuku ezi-10 kwakhiwa inyunyana entsha. U-37% ogcwele wezinyunyana ezintsha uphelelwa yinkontileka okungenani iminyaka emibili ngenxa yabaqashi abahudula izithende ezingxoxweni. Izenzo ezinjalo zizoqedwa yilo mthetho.
Njengoba uSanders echaza lapho ethula lo mthethosivivinywa: “Inkampani yaseMelika iyaqonda ukuthi lapho abasebenzi behlelekile, lapho abasebenzi sebekwazi ukuxoxisana ngokuhlanganyela, bagcina benamaholo nemihlomulo engcono kakhulu… yingakho, sekungamashumi eminyaka manje, kukhona ukuhlasela okugxile okuhlelwe kahle kwekhono labasebenzi lokuhlela.”
Umnotho wentando yeningi
I-push ye-WDA - inguqulo eyethulwa ngo-2015 - iza ngemuva kwesimemezelo sokuthi ihhovisi likaSanders maduze lizophakamisa isiqinisekiso semisebenzi yenhlangano. Nakuba imininingwane ingakavezwa, emnyombweni walo uhlelo olunjalo lungafuna ukwakha uhlelo lokuqashwa ngokugcwele e-United States, lunikeze umsebenzi okhokha u-$15 ngehora kunoma yisiphi isisebenzi esiwufunayo.
Uma selusunguliwe, uhlelo olunjalo lungaba namandla okuguqula ubudlelwano babasebenzi kubaqashi babo. Ukube umsebenzi ubutholakala njalo kuhulumeni, abasebenzi bebengeke besahlala besongelwa ngokulahlekelwa yimpilo yabo noma nini lapho umphathi wabo enquma ukuthi abasadingeki. Ngokubeka indawo eneholo eliphilayo, lolu hlobo lwesiqinisekiso semisebenzi cishe lungase lukhuphule iholo nezinzuzo zabasebenzi yonke indawo, futhi luvule isikhala somsebenzi owengeziwe wezinyunyana emkhakheni ozimele.
Inhlanganisela ye-WDA kanye nesiqiniseko semisebenzi, esithathwe kanye neziphakamiso zokusungulwa kwe-Medicare yabo bonke, iholo eliphansi lika-$15 kanye nekhefu lomndeni elikhokhelwayo, limelela inqwaba yezinguquko eziqhubekayo emnothweni wase-US ezingakhipha izigidi ebuphofini futhi zilethe okwengeziwe intando yeningi empilweni yansuku zonke yabasebenzi.
Amanye amalungu ephalamende nawo asanda kuveza ukweseka uhlobo lwesiqinisekiso semisebenzi, okuhlanganisa uGillibrand noCory Booker (D-N.J.). Futhi ukufunwa akukusha kwezombusazwe zaseMelika: UDkt. Martin Luther King Jr. walwela ukuqashwa ngokugcwele njengendlela yokuqeda ubumpofu nokuqhubekisela phambili imbangela yobulungiswa bobuhlanga.
Usizi luyaqhubeka
UKing wayengumsekeli oqinile wamalungelo ezinyunyana empilweni yakhe yonke. Ngo-1965, wethula inkulumo emhlanganweni wesifunda we-Illinois AFL-CIO lapho abiza khona inhlangano yabasebenzi ngokuthi “ngamandla amakhulu aguqula usizi nokuphelelwa ithemba kwaba ithemba nenqubekela phambili.” Umkhankaso omkhulu wokugcina kaKing ngaphambi kokuba abulawe ngo-Ephreli, 1968 wawubandakanya ukuhlanganyela nabasebenzi bokukhucululwa kwendle ababetelekile eMemphis, eTenn.
Ngo-2018, eminyakeni engama-50 ngemva kokufa kweNkosi, inhlangano yabasebenzi yaseMelika ibhekene nezinsongo ezinkulu. INkantolo Ephakeme izokhipha isinqumo maduze U-Janus vs. AFSCME, icala elinjalo zilungisiwe ukubhekana nengcindezi enkulu ezinyunyaneni zemboni yomphakathi. UMongameli Trump uphethe inqwaba ukubuyela emuva amalungelo abasebenzi kanye ukugoqa iBhodi Likazwelonke Lezobudlelwano Bezabasebenzi (NLRB) nabaqokiwe abanobutha ngaphandle nezinyunyana.
Amabhizinisi afana ne-American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) abambe iqhaza emkhankasweni owathatha amashumi eminyaka wokwenza buthaka amandla ezisebenzi, futhi namuhla amazinga ezinyunyana e-United States ami phakathi kwamazinga aphansi kakhulu ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.
Njengoba uJohnson we-NNU esho, “Ngicabanga ukuthi kufanele sicace: Kunedlanzana labantu abacebe ngendlela emangalisayo, abanamandla ikakhulukazi abamhlophe abami endleleni yabantu abasebenzayo abanohlobo lwezwe elisifanele, lapho abantu benamalungelo futhi banawo. amaholo ahloniphekile kanye nomphakathi ohloniphekile kanye nendawo yokusebenza ephephile nenempilo, kanye nemfundo nokunakekelwa kwezempilo njengamalungelo abantu.”
Nokho, zikhona futhi izimpawu zethemba.
Ezifundeni ezweni lonke, kusukela eWest Virginia kuya e-Oklahoma, Arizona naseColorado, othisha bateleke kuzwelonke ukuze bathole amaholo aphezulu kanye nezimo zokusebenza ezingcono. Amakhakhasi ezikhundla asiza ekuguquleni izinyunyana zabo zibe izinhlangano ezinodlame, ezizimisele ukuthatha izinyathelo ezinqala ukuze zivikele amalungu futhi zimelane nokuhlaselwa.
Abasebenzi ezimbonini ezihlukene, kusukela kwabezindaba kuya emanyuvesi, ezokuthutha kanye nezobuchwepheshe, bethula izindlela ezintsha zezinyunyana. Futhi kule minyaka emibili edlule, abasebenzi abaneminyaka engaphansi kuka-35 bahole ngendlela engakaze ibonwe ukuphakama ebulungwini bezinyunyana, futhi maningi amathuba okuthi babheke izinyunyana ngendlela eyakhayo. Sekukonke, izinyunyana zabasebenzi sezikhona manje kubukwe okuthakazelelwa kakhulu ngumphakathi kunalokho obukuso eminyakeni eyishumi edlule.
Ngesikhathi sokungalingani kwezomnotho okumangazayo, lapho inzuzo yezinkampani ikhula ngenkathi inetha lokuphepha lincibilika futhi abantu abasebenzayo bephoqeleka ukuthi bashaye imvuthuluka, intshisekelo evuselelwe ezinyunyaneni zabasebenzi iwuphawu lokuthi abantu baseMelika bazoza ukuzobona isenzo esihlangene njengendlela engcono kakhulu. ukuze bathuthukise izimo zabo zokuphila futhi baphuce amandla asemsebenzini kubaqashi abathanda inzuzo.
Nakuba i-WDA ingase ibe incwadi efile ngaphansi kukaTrump kanye ne-GOP Congress, itshala ifulegi lokuthi umnotho wentando yeningi ungakhiwa kanjani. Futhi njengoba kungenzeka kube noguquko lolwandle lwezepolitiki olusendleleni emijikelezweni yokhetho ezayo, lolu hlobo lwesiphakamiso esinesibindi lubeka amakhonsathi alokho okungafunwa osopolitiki abaqhubekayo nezishoshovu ngokufanayo.
Njengoba abasebenzi bezibonakalisa ezweni lonke, ukuzuza izinga lokuphila elingcono kungenzeka, kodwa kungenzeka kuphela ngokufuna—kanye nokuzijwayeza—intando yeningi emsebenzini.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela