(ihunyushwe nguJustin Podur)
Inhlangano yezenhlalakahle e-Argentina yathola amandla namandla ngokwakhiwa kwezinhlangano zabasebenzi abangasebenzi, abafika endaweni yesigameko ngasekupheleni kwawo-1990, bajoyina ukunyakaza kwama-indigenist kanye ne-campesino. Kwaze kwaba muva nje, nokho- ngo-December 19-20, lapho izakhamuzi zasemadolobheni zaphumela emigwaqweni futhi zaphoqa omongameli ababili ukuba besule - lapho izici eziningi zenhlangano yezenhlalakahle zaziwa emphakathini ngenxa yesisindo. ezithwetshulwa kwabezindaba zesigaba esimaphakathi esiqinile (ngaleso sikhathi).
Izishoshovu zasemadolobheni zangalezo zinsuku zazihlelwe emihlanganweni yabantu, izingane zikaDisemba 19-20. Kusukela ekuqaleni imihlangano yayiwukubonakaliswa okukhulu kwenkinga yokumelela. Lokhu bekucacile esiqubulweni esithi ‘que se vayan todos’ (wonke umuntu kufanele ahambe), kodwa akekho owayekwazi ukukala ukujula kwangempela kwale nhlekelele. Abanye babekholelwa ukuthi isiqubulo sasiwuhlobo lokukhala okuzenzakalelayo, lwesikhashana, njengokuthi: ‘wonke umuntu kufanele ahambe, ukuze ekugcineni sikwazi ukufika’. Abanye bahumushe isiqubulo njengokuzalwa kohlobo olusha lwe-radicalism: olungenakuqondwa ngokwemibandela yakudala.
Kusukela osukwini lokuqala le mibono yezepolitiki ehlukene kakhulu yaba khona emihlanganweni. Umugqa wokuhlukanisa phakathi kwabo wawungaphezu kombuzo wokumeleleka. Omunye umkhakha ububheke le nkinga njengowobuholi. Kubo, isisombululo kungaba ukushintshanisa izinto ezimbi nezinhle – ngamanye amazwi, ukufaka iwayini elidala emabhodleleni amasha. Kulo mkhakha, inkinga izoxazululwa ngezinguquko kumthethosisekelo kusetshenziswa izindlela zezikhungo zombuso. Omunye umkhakha wawukholelwa ukuthi isimiso sezombusazwe sase siwile, ukuthi umbuso wawungeyona indawo lapho kwanqunywa khona inqubomgomo kazwelonke noma isikhungo sangempela sombuso. Esikhundleni salokho, babekholelwa ukuthi amandla aphethwe yimakethe, yimali yezimali, kanye nezidalwa zamazwe ngamazwe (IMF, iBhange Lomhlaba) ezaziwamele.
Umlando omfushane wenhlangano yezenhlalakahle ungafundwa njengomdlalo wokushuba phakathi kwale mibono emibili yezepolitiki. Iziqondiso ezivela emihlanganweni yayingeyentando yeningi eqondile, ‘ukuvundlika’, kanye nezindawo. Bakhulume ngokusobala benqabela inhlangano emele, emaphakathi, kanye neqondile ephawula amaqembu ezombusazwe umbuso owawuzinze kuwo. Umlayezo wabo wawuqondiswe ‘kwesokunxele esidala’, esasiqonda lowo myalezo ngendlela yawo.
Omdala kwesokunxele wanquma ukuhumusha izimfuno zoshintsho njengezidingo zokushintsha nje ulimi. Amaqembu ezepolitiki angakwesokunxele aqale ukusebenza komakhelwane futhi aqhubeka nokusebenzisa ‘intando yeningi yentando yeningi’: ukuphatha izinhlu zezikhulumi, i-megaphone, namavoti ezinkundleni, kuyilapho esebenzisa ikhomishana yomakhelwane njengethiyetha yangaphakathi. ulwela ukubusa phezu kwenhlangano yomphakathi. Isimo sangaphambi kokuguquguquka esasiphila - ngaphandle kokuqaphela-sasicindezela, futhi sasingakuxoleli lokhu kumosha isikhathi namandla.
Izidingo zenhlangano yezenhlalo zadlulela ngalé kwezinguquko zobuhle. Okwakusengcupheni kwakuyi-radicalism entsha eyayingaguqula impilo ngendlela yokusebenzisana kwansuku zonke eyayinika abantu amandla, ibenze babe yizikhonzi esikhundleni sezinto, ezindaweni ezisanda kwakhiwa ezazingaphandle konxiwankulu. Umqondo wawuwukuketula uhlelo ngokubeka abantu enkabeni yezwe, lapho bengabakhona. Lokhu kwakungasho nje ukungabaza imodeli yemakethe yomhlaba, kodwa ukubeka ngenkuthalo amanye amanani, enye indlela yokuziphatha. Isici esisodwa esibalulekile salo mcabango kwaba ubumbano olungokoqobo, ukusungulwa kwamanethiwekhi abuyisele inkundla yezokuxhumana eyacekelwa phansi imakethe ngenhloso yokudala ubudlelwano obusha nobuqinile babantu obafinyelela kuyo yonke imikhakha yempilo yomphakathi.
Inkolelo yokuthi inhlangano yezenhlalakahle yayiyisithembiso esimsulwa, ngaphandle kokupheka kwethiyori futhi ezimweni eziningi ngaphandle kwezimpendulo yayinengeka kwesokunxele esidala kanye nabanye abaningi. Okungamukelekile ngayo ukumelana kwayo nokuqondwa ngokwemibono esuke icatshangwe ngaphambilini, hhayi nje kuphela ngabasele bakudala, kodwa nakwabaningi bongqondongqondo bezwe, abenqabile umthwalo wabo wokuzivumelanisa nezikhathi, ukuze baqonde iqiniso. , futhi ucabange ngokuhlolisisa.
Uma sibona ngale ndlela, isiqubulo esithi ‘wonke umuntu kufanele ahambeâ’ siyeka ukuba i-utopia futhi, ngamazwi ka-Subcomandante Marcos, siba ‘uhlelo lwangempela lomhlaba lwezenzo zezombusazwe’. Umkhakha wokudala noqinile wenhlangano yezenhlalo yase-Argentina uvela kulesi sisekelo. Akuqondanga ukuthi kube, futhi kusaqhubeka, umkhakha ohlaselwe kakhulu yingcindezelo yombuso, engavamile ukuhluleka ukubona usongo lwangempela uma iyibona. U-Alain Badiou uthe i-radicalism entsha “ayiphikisi” nje uhlelo. Ukuphikiswa kuhambisana nokubusa, okungagcini nje ngokukugoqa kodwa kuyakudinga. Ukukhululwa akubheki kuhulumeni, futhi akukwenzi izwe inhloso yalo yokugcina. Lesi yisigameko esihlaselwa yi-capitalism ngoba asikwazi ukuqonda: angeke samukele lokho okwenqaba ukudlala ngemithetho yabo.
Ngonyaka ka-2002, imihlangano kanye nayo yonke inhlangano yezenhlalakahle yahlanganisa le mibono futhi kwaqala ukungqubuzana phakathi kwesobunxele kanye nesobunxele okwaya kude ukukhombisa umugqa weqiniso ohlukanisayo wenhlangano. Lolu phiko lwaluhlangene nakho konke ukumeleleka kwezombusazwe, futhi lwabeka ithunzi kuyo yonke inhlangano yezenhlalakahle.
Okwenze leli qiniso obala kwaba wukhetho lukazwelonke. Njengoba umkhankaso ususondele, kwashuba ukushuba kwesimo kulo mbutho. Inkulumo-mpikiswano yafanekiselwa ukuhlobana kokuphikiswa okukhulu noma okuncane phakathi kwenhlangano yabasebenzi abangasebenzi kanye nohulumeni. Kusukela kuleyo nhlangano ethambekele kakhulu ekuxoxisaneni kwafika abaxoxisana, kamuva ababa ngabaholi bemithombo yezindaba, futhi bagcina bephikisana nezinhloso zabo, baba amaklayenti abonakalayo. Ukugqugquzelwa kosizo lokudla oluphuthumayo kwadonsa abantu abaningi. Ukuze kudonswe abantu abaningi bekumele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi abathola usizo kube yilabo abahlanganisayo. Kwakuwumqondo olula wamandla ezingeni elincane losizi lwethu. Lesi sihlibhi sagcina sisemgodini wokuqokwa kwezombusazwe esifundazweni saseBuenos Aires. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abanye balabo ababengamalungu emihlangano bagxumela okhethweni lwamadolobha, bezama ukwakha umbutho wokhetho phakathi kwenhlangano. Amandla esistimu okukhetha ngokubambisana awapheli, futhi emhlanganweni wokugcina wemihlangano ezimele, wonke umuntu wakuzwa ukutubeka okubangelwa isimo sokusolana nokuphikisana phakathi kwalabo ababefuna ukumelwa kwezombusazwe emibuthanweni nalabo. owalenqaba ngezimiso.
Ezinsukwini eziyishumi nanhlanu ngaphambi kokhetho ukudideka bekukukhulu. Ngenkathi amaqembu angakwesokunxele esakhankasa, izinhlangano ezizimele zamemezela izinhlelo zazo zokuthi zingayi. Amaphephandaba ansuku zonke kanye nezinkundla zokuxhumana, emkhankasweni owawuhlelwe nguhulumeni futhi wajatshulelwa abavotelwa ophiko lwesokudla, basabisa ngengcindezelo futhi bacindezela “ivoti elihlakaniphile” elizonqanda ukuchitheka kwegazi. Ukwesaba okwabangelwa abezindaba kwavezwa emihlanganweni. Umzwelo wokuzibusa awukwazanga ukulinganisa noma ukumisa amandla okwesaba. Le mihlangano ibithi njengoba ukhetho lwalungahambisani kakhulu nezinguquko kwezenhlalo, asikho isidingo sokuba kube nesikhundla ngazo. Kungazelelwe lesi sikhundla asizange sibambe amanzi.
Ngemva komzuliswano wokuqala, kokubili ongqondongqondo abathuthukayo kanye nabezindaba bashesha ukumemezela ukwehluleka, nokungasho lutho, kwemihlangano. Uma u-80% wabavoti uvota futhi ukungavoti bekungaphansi kuka-3%, uhlelo lwabameleli-okuzuze abaningi kulo-luqinisekisiwe. ‘Intando yeningi’ kanye ‘umthetho womthetho’, kuyaphila kakhulu kunakuqala, ekuthuleni. Kukhona impumuzo kulesi sikhungo, abakholelwa ukuthi babambe iqhaza emandleni asebengakwazi ukuwaphoqa ukuthi ahambise ku-ajenda yabo.
Nokho, yizo kanye lezi zimemezelo zokukhululeka ezenziwa ngabanamandla ezisinika umbono wamandla ethu. Uma ‘abathuthukayo’ ongqondongqondo nabezindaba begxila ku-3% wezinga lokuziba, futhi bakhohlwe ngendlela ehlelekile u-40% "abangazange banqume" okhethweni isonto elilodwa ngaphambi kokhetho, kungenxa yokuthi besaba " €˜ukunganaki kwentando yeningi’ kwalo mkhakha omkhulu wabantu abazizwa sengathi izifiso zabo zoshintsho zachithwa ngokudelela.
Ngosuku olulandela ukhetho, imihlangano iqhubekile nokuxoxa ngemisebenzi yethu ephikisana namasiko, izinhlelo zethu ‘ukubumbana nomnotho’; saqhubeka nokwakha amaqhinga okumelana nezinkampani ezizimele, ezimbonini ezitholwe ngabasebenzi bazo; saqhubeka nokusebenza ngokuzifundisa, ukushintshana ngolwazi, nokuxhumana nezinye izinhlangano zokuxhumana. Njengoba senza, siyazi ukuthi sibukela phansi izindawo zonxiwankulu, senze omunye umhlaba ube khona.
Ngifuna ukuphetha nge-anecdote yomuntu siqu. Ngosuku lwangemva kokhetho ngagibela isitimela esingiyisa ehhovisi ngiphethe incwadi, engangikade ngiyifunda isikhathi eside. Ngazama ukufunda esitimeleni kodwa ngaphazanyiswa ukukhononda okuzwakala njengesidleke sezinyosi, esikhulu, esiqinile. Empeleni yakhiwe yizwi lenqwaba yabantu abavela enhlanganweni yabasebenzi abangasebenzi. Babeza edolobheni bephethe amakepisi abo namafulege abo agoqiwe, cishe befuna usizo lokudla uhulumeni ayelumisile. Kwakungabesifazane nabesilisa, abanye bebancane kakhulu, abanye bebadala impela; bakhulume ngendlela yabo ekhululekile, ngezwi eliphansi, ephuza umlingani, exoxa futhi ehleka. Okwangenza ngaphakamisa amehlo ami encwadini wukungabikhona ukuthula. Kusukela kulokhu kuthula kwamathuna okungiphelezela nsuku zonke, lesi sici sesigaba esiphakathi sisendleleni eya emzuliswaneni waso wokuzikhandla, kuya endaweni yawo yekheji yansuku zonke, ngamunye engazi futhi enganaki lutho ngabanye.
Abantu abangaphandle, abantu abampofu, babehamba endaweni eyayingenazo izinto zokuhamba noma ukuxhashazwa kwemali yokukhiqiza. Kwakuwumhlaba phakathi komhlaba.
Asikho isingathekiso esingcono sokuthi iyini inhlangano yezenhlalo: umhlaba onobuntu kakhulu emhlabeni olahlekelwe amandla awo esintwini. Ngaba nomuzwa wokuthi lena ukuphela kwendlela eya phambili, ukwakha into edlula zonke izinhlobo zokumelela, into egcwele isifiso sokwakha kabusha izixhumanisi zomphakathi ezilahlekile, ukuwela kuwo njengomfula obheka indlela yawo ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi yini eseyidlulile. Ebesikufuna sekufikile. Kukho konke ukuthi labo ababeka imingcele yeqiniso bafuna ukusiqinisekisa ngenye indlela, kulapha.
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Nikela