Ngo-2019, ukhetho lwase-Europe nolwezomthetho luzokwenzeka e-Portugal esimweni sezepolitiki kazwelonke esihlukile kunoma iyiphi enye e-European Union (EU), lapho inqubomgomo yokuqiniswa isasebenza kanye nokukhula kwelungelo lokucwasa nokucwasa kwabokufika kubonakala kungenakuvinjwa.
Kule minyaka emithathu edlule, idlanzana le-Socialist Party (PS) likahulumeni lisekelwe ngaphandle yi-Left Bloc (BE), Iqembu LamaKhomanisi lase-Portugal (PCP) kanye ne-Ecologist Party-The Greens (PEV). Ngokusebenzisa izinqubomgomo zokunwetshwa ezihlukile eYurophu[1], amaholo nezinkokhelo zezenhlalakahle zinyukile (iholo elincane ngo-20%), ukugcinwa kwangasese kumile (kuhlanganise nalezo zezinhlelo zikaloliwe wesitimela), ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi kwehle kwafinyelela ku-6.3%, abasebenzi abayitoho emphakathini. umkhakha wenziwa unomphela futhi izikweletu zikagesi nezokuthutha zomphakathi zemindeni empofu engaphezu kuka-700,000 zehlisiwe. Esabelweni sezimali sika-2019, izinga eliphezulu lemali ekhokhwayo yasenyuvesi lizokwehliswa ngo-20%, izincwadi zokufunda zizoba mahhala ngesikhathi semfundo eyimpoqo futhi zonke izingane zizokwazi ukuthola inkulisa.
Ezinye izinzuzo zihlanganisa: ukusungulwa kabusha kwamaholide amane anqanyulwe uhulumeni wangaphambili; ukuncishiswa kwentela yemali engenayo yabasebenzi kanye nokukhuphuka kwentela kumafemu amakhulu; ukuqedwa kwentela eyeqile kumaholo nezimpesheni kanye nokusetshenziswa kwentela entsha yezindawo ezithengiswayo zikanokusho; ukuqaliswa kabusha kwezingxoxo ezihlangene emkhakheni kahulumeni kanye nokuqedwa kokudluliselwa kwezisebenzi zikahulumeni ngempoqo; ukumiswa kokuxoshwa kwabantu abadala noma abakhubazekile abahlala endaweni eyodwa iminyaka eyi-15 kanye nokubuyekezwa kwemithetho yokuqasha ukuze kuvikelwe abaqashi; kanye neziqinisekiso zokuvikela ukuvikeleka komphakathi kubasebenzi abazisebenzayo abahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo kumafemu ahlukene.
Ngemuva kweminyaka yokunganaki, imizabalazo yezinyunyana nayo iyanda: kulo nyaka abasebenzi kwezempilo, ezemfundo, ezokuthutha kanye neminye imikhakha bebelwela ukubuyisa lokho abalahlekelwa khona ngaphansi kwe-EU-austerity eqhutshwa phakathi kuka-2011 no-2015 yi-EU. ukuphathwa kophiko lwesokudla lwe-Social Democratic Party (PSD) kanye ne-People's Party (CDS-PP).
Alukho futhi uphawu lokuvela kabusha kwelungelo elikude ePortugal: ukucwaswa kwalo kuphambene neSpain engumakhelwane, lapho i-xenophobic, anti-feminist kanye ne-ultra-centralist force i-Vox isanda kuqala ukubhalisa okhethweni lwemibono.
I-PS icindezelekile
I-PCP kanye ne-Left Bloc, ebambe Ingqungquthela Kazwelonke Yeshumi nanye e-Lisbon ngoNovemba 9-11, ingathatha ikhredithi enkulu ngale ntuthuko. Eminyakeni emithathu ingcindezi yabo iphushe uhulumeni kaNdunankulu u-Antรณnio Costa ukuthi asebenzise izinqubomgomo abemanqikanqika ukuzemukela noma abengazicabangi ngisho nokuzicabangela. Lolu hlelo lwaqala ngokushesha ngemva kokhetho lwango-2015 lapho ukuze kuwine i-Left Bloc esekela i-PS kwadingeka ukuba ihoxise iziphakamiso zayo zokumiswa kwempesheni, ukuncishiswa kweminikelo yomqashi esikhwameni sezenhlalakahle kanye nomthetho wokwenza kube lula ukuxoshwa.
Ingcindezi ye-Left Bloc yaze yakwazi ukukhiqiza iqembu elisebenzayo elihlangene ne-PS ngomthwalo wezikweletu zomphakathi wasePortugal nangaphandle: iphethe ngokuthi imithetho yesabelomali se-EU "yayingalungile futhi ingenakulungiswa", kodwa uhulumeni waseCosta akazange abonise uphawu lokuthatha isinyathelo kulokhu kuxilongwa.
Iqhaza elihle elibanjwe iqembu kusukela ngo-2015 bekuyindikimba ku-Left Bloc umxhumanisi kazwelonke u-Catarina Martins[2] inkulumo yokuvula umhlangano. Uhlabe inothi lokuqala lendikimba eyayizophinde ivele kuyo yonke ingqungquthela - usongo ezinzuzweni zomphakathi ezizohlanganiswa neningi eliphelele le-PS okhethweni olulandelayo:
Ukube u-PS ubenendlela yakhe, abahola impesheni bebezolahlekelwa yimpesheni yabo yezinyanga ezimbili. Ukube u-PS ubeneningi eliphelele futhi wabeka le miphumela, abahola impesheni nabasebenzi ngabe kubi kakhulu. Yeka impumuzo eyaba nayo inxele yaba namandla okubhuntshisa iziphakamiso ohlelweni lwe-PS!
Ukwesekwa okudumile kwezinzuzo ezizuziwe kusukela ngo-2015 kubonisiwe kumavoti emibono. Okhethweni lwango-2015 ivoti eliphelele elingakwesokunxele, okuhlanganisa nenhlangano yamalungelo ezilwane i-People-Animals-Nature (PAN), lalingu-52.2%: kusukela ngo-Okthoba lalilinganiselwa ku-57.1%. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusekelwa okuhlangene kwe-PSD ne-CDS-PP kwehle kusuka ku-38.6% kuya ku-34.3%. Ukwehla kokwesekwa kwamaqembu elungelo kwaholela uMartins ukuba atshele umhlangano ukuthi ukuvotela i-PS ngamaqhinga ukuze igcine i-PSD ne-CDS-PP ingangeni kuhulumeni kwase kuyindaba yesikhathi esidlule: โLelo voti lokwesaba ilungelo, ivoti elincamele umphumela omubi kunomphumela omubi kakhulu, lelo voti lifile. Kwangathi ingaphumula ngokuthula.โ
Noma kunjalo, intuthuko evela kuhulumeni waseCosta yi-PCP kanye nemizamo ye-Left Bloc ayikaboniswa kuze kube manje ekwesekeni okwengeziwe kwalawa maqembu. Ophumelele okhethweni kube nguhulumeni we-PS uqobo: ukwesekwa kwawo kufinyelele ku-44% ngo-2017 futhi manje sekumi ku-40% (ivoti le-PS okhethweni lwango-2015 lalingama-32.8%).
Lokhu kuqhubekela phambili kuholele ekutheni izingxenye ze-PS, zisekelwe izingxenye ezibalulekile zamabhizinisi asePutukezi akhungathekile, ukuba aphuphe ngokuthola iningi eliphelele okhethweni lukazwelonke lwango-2019. Uma lokho kubonakala kungenakwenzeka, Uhlelo B kungaba ukwenza umfelandawonye obusayo ne-PCP, kushiye i-Left Bloc eyinkinga kakhulu ngaphandle emakhazeni. Ngaso leso sikhathi, i-PSD ikwenze kwacaca ukuthi izobe ikulungele ukujoyina i-PS ekwakheni "uhulumeni wesikhungo" ukuze ihlukanise kokubili amabutho angakwesokunxele.
Ukunyakaza kweningi
Ngokungagwemeki, indlela eya ku-PS enokhetho olusasele isikhathi esingaphansi konyaka yabusa enkulumweni yangaphambi komhlangano we-Left Bloc, eyayizungeza iziphakamiso ezintathu ezihlongoza ukuqondiswa okuhlukile kwentando yeningi yezenhlalo yase-Portugal. Phakathi kwazo lezi ziphakamiso zikhethe izihambeli zomhlangano ezingama-582 kwezingama-625, kwathi ezinye izihambeli ezingama-43 zabelwa phakathi kwamapulatifomu esifunda ayisithupha.
I-Motion A (โI-Bloc Stronger to Change the Countryโ) izuze ukwesekwa okungu-83.7% ekuvoteni kwezithunywa zegatsha kanye nezithunywa ezingu-523 (ngesilinganiso sesithunywa esisodwa kumalungu angu-13). Iwine ukwesekwa kwamaqembu amathathu angaphakathi e-Left Bloc - Alternative Left (ukuthambekela kwayo okusemthethweni kuphela), iplatifomu ethi Isifundo Esisha kanye Nenethiwekhi Yokulwa Nongxowankulu.[3] Lesi siphakamiso saqinisekisa isikhundla se-Left Bloc sokusekela okubalulekile kuhulumeni we-PS njengenye indlela yesokudla, saphawula izinzuzo ezizuziwe, kodwa futhi saveza ukuthi kungakanani okunye obekungazuzwa ukube uhulumeni waseCosta akazange ahambisane neziqondiso ze-EU emkhakheni womphakathi. ukushoda kanye nokwehliswa kwezikweletu.
Ukwamukela kwe-PS izingqinamba zeKhomishini YaseYurophu kwakusho ukuthi, nakuba sikhona isikhala sokuhlehlisa umnotho ekuthuthukeni komnotho, ubuthakathaka besakhiwo somnotho wamaPutukezi bulokhu buqhubeka ngaphansi: uhlelo lwamabhange lwahlala lusengcupheni, ukutshalwa kwezimali komphakathi kusasilele, ukuhlelwa kabusha kwezikweletu zomphakathi kwakusaqhubeka. ukucindezela kanye nezimpahla zesiPutukezi zaziseziqondiso ezilula zokutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe. Okubaluleke kakhulu, โuguqukoโ lwemakethe yezemisebenzi kahulumeni wangaphambilini obambe iqhaza lusaqhubeka. Ukuwohloka okulandelayo komnotho kuzokwenza lokhu kwehluleka ukubhekana noshintsho olukhulu kucace futhi kulo mongo umphumela omubi kakhulu ongaba khona okhethweni oluzayo kuzoba iningi le-PS, okuvumela intando yeningi yase-Portugal ukuthi iqale kabusha isimo sayo semvelo njengeqembu eliphakathi elingahambisani nokwethulwa kwezinqubomgomo ezehlukanisayo. ibhizinisi elikhulu.
Lesi siphakamiso siphinde saphawula indima enhle ye-PCP, i-Left Bloc evumelane nayo ekuvoteni kwephalamende ezindabeni eziningi. Exoxwa ngaphambi komhlangano yisikhungo sabezindaba sasePutukezi uLusa, uMartins uthe iBloc "iwazisa kakhulu umsebenzi nokuhlangana namakhomanisi" naphezu kokuphikisa kwe-PCP ekubulaweni kwesiguli kanye nelungelo lokutholwa yizithandani zobulili obufanayo.
Ekwethuleni iSiphakamiso A, iLungu leLungu leLungu lePhalamende laseYurophu uMarisa Matias uveze izinhlangothi ezinhlanu zomzabalazo wezenhlalo nowokhetho: ukutholwa kwamalungelo abasebenzi; ukuvuselelwa kwezinsizakalo zikahulumeni, ikakhulukazi uPhiko Lwezempilo Kazwelonke; isu lokuqeda i-carbonise umnotho; ukwanda kokutshalwa kwezimali komphakathi; kanye nokuqinisekisa ubukhosi bokudla. Ukulawulwa komphakathi kwemikhakha yezomnotho yamasu, eqala ngamabhange namandla, kuzodingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe inqubekelaphambili eminingi yale mikhakha.
Iziphakamiso ezinjengalezi zaziyinani elincane elidingekayo ukuze kuvalwe izinzuzo zeminyaka emithathu edlule futhi kuqhutshekwe nokuhlasela kobumpofu nokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo, ePortugal naseYurophu. Angeke ahambisane nezivumelwano zesabelomali se-EU, ukuthobela izibopho zezikweletu futhi mhlawumbe nobulungu be-euro, kodwa zazibalulekile uma kwakuzokwakhiwa enye indlela yezinhlelo zelungelo zokucwasa nokucwasa abokufika. Zizoba futhi isisekelo sesiphakamiso se-Left Bloc sohulumeni kwesokunxele e-Portugal ohluke ngokufanelekile "kokwehliswa" okuholwa yi-PS[4] kweminyaka emithathu edlule.
Ukunyakaza okuncane
Ku-Motion C (โMore Democracy, More Organizationโ), ukusebenza kwe-Left Bloc kusukela umhlangano wayo wokugcina ngo-2016 โkwakukuhle kukho konke, nakuba kungenzeka ukuthi ngabe kudlulele phambiliโ. Mayelana nenkinga yaphakade yokuthola ukulingana phakathi kokwakha izinhlangano zomphakathi nokusebenza ezikhungweni, "asisagxili ngokuphelele emsebenzini wephalamende, kodwa lena indlela esithathe izinyathelo zokuqala kuphela."
Okwakukhathaza kakhulu u-Motion C, owazuza u-1.9% okhethweni lwezithunywa zomhlangano (izithunywa eziyi-12) futhi iningi lawo elakhiwe amalungu amancane, kwakuyizinhlaka ze-Left Bloc nempilo yangaphakathi. Lokhu kuthiwa kwaphawulwa ngokuthathwa kwezinqumo eziphezulu phansi, ukunganakwa kwenhlangano yendawo (i-Left Bloc ikwazile ukuma komasipala abangu-170 kuphela kwabangama-308 okhethweni lohulumeni basekhaya lwango-2017), ukuqala kokusebenza kanye, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukubusa kwenhlangano ngamaqembu ayo angaphakathi. UMotion C ufundeka kanje:
Ngokushesha abajoyina abasha bagcina bethole ukungqubuzana phakathi kweziphakamiso ezimaphakathi ze-Bloc kanye nokushiyeka okuyisisekelo kokuthambekela. Abanye bahlala futhi bahambisana nokuthambekela, kodwa iningi labajoyinayo, abahamba phambili, bahlehla lapho bebona ukuthi lena akuyona iBloc ababethenjiswe yona. Yingakho sinezinga eliphezulu kangaka lokuziba okhethweni lwangaphakathi, ezimweni eziningi ezingaphezu kuka-90%.
Ukwelashwa okuhlongozwayo ngalezi zinkinga kube: ukuzithoba okuyisibopho kweziphakamiso zemigwamanda eholayo ukuthi zicutshungulwe kuqala yizinhlangano zendawo, ukunikwa amandla kwezinhlaka zendawo kanye nokugwema noma yikuphi ukuthambekela okukodwa ekulawuleni. Umnyakazo wawufundeka kanje:
Kuwubulungiswa obuyisisekelo ukugcizelela ukuthi yonke into esinayo, iBlokhi efanelekile kanye neqembu lesithathu ngobukhulu elimele kuMkhandlu weRiphabhulikhi, ihlobene kakhulu nomsebenzi owenziwe yizimo ezimbili eziyinhloko [Alternative Left and the I-Anti-Capitalist Network]. Besingabongi uma singakuqapheli lokho. Sekushiwo lokho, inqobo nje uma ukuthambekela kungafiki esiphethweni, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi akekho kubo ozuza ukulawula okuphelele kwe-Bloc. Uma lokho bekungenzeka, kuzoba ukuphela kwe-Left Bloc futhi sizobuyela ezinsukwini zokuba yiqembu elingenamsebenzi ngokuphelele.
I-Motion C iphinde yabeka izimpendulo zamaqhinga ezimeni ezihlukahlukene ezingase zilandele ukhetho lukazwelonke lwango-2019: esimweni seningi eliphelele le-PS, ukuphikiswa; endabeni yesihlobo se-PS iningi elincike ekusekelweni Kwe-Left Bloc, qhubeka neqhinga leminyaka emithathu edlule; kodwa "akukho esimweni esivumayo ukungena enkonzweni ye-PS". Lokhu kwakuphambene ne-Motion A, engazange ingene ezindlekweni ezithile mayelana nezimo eyayizocabangela ukungena ngaphansi kwazo kuhulumeni.
UMotion M (โIbhulokhi Enganciki Emuvaโ) uchaze umugqa owamukelwe ubuholi njengokusiza i-PS ukuthi iqalise โi-austerity-liteโ. Ku-Motion M, "izindlela zokuthuthela kwelinye izwe azikahlehliswa, ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi kusephezulu futhi imisebenzi idalwe ngokuhlukumezeka, ikakhulukazi ngokusebenzisa iholo elincane."
Ngokuka-Motion M, ozuze ukusekelwa ngo-7.5% okhethweni lwezithunywa zomhlangano (izithunywa ezingama-47), ukuzuza kweminyaka emithathu edlule bekufanele kubhekwe njengento engelutho ngaphandle nje kokuncishiswa kancane kokuqina:
Endabeni kahulumeni yokuthi โukubuyiswa kwemali engenayoโ ngamahloni okwenze ukukhula komnotho kumele kuphikisane neqiniso lokuthi ezweni elincike kakhulu ekuhlanganeni komnotho wamazwe ngamazwe kwaba ukukhula komnotho endaweni yaseYurophu okwavumela ukusimama okulinganiselwe. emalini engenayo ngaphakathi kohlaka lwezingqinamba ezamukelwa uhulumeni. Ngakho-ke, esebenzisa leli thuba lokuhlangana okuhle kwezomnotho wamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokusekelwa yilungu lephalamende elingakwesokunxele, uhulumeni we-PS wakhetha umgwaqo we-austerity-lite futhi wazikhawulela ekusebenziseni ithuba lokusebenzisa ukukhula komnotho ukuze ahlehlise okunzima kakhulu. izici zephrojekthi yokucekelwa phansi komphakathi eyenziwe yi-Troika[5] kanye nelungelo.
Ukwesekwa kwe-Left Bloc kuhulumeni kwakusho โukujulisa izinqubo zezombusazwe zabezindaba, ubuphalamende kanye nesikhashanaโฆ kulesi simo samanje.โ
Ethula i-Motion M, u-Inรชs Ribeiro Santos uthe โukwakhiwa kweqembu elimelene nonxiwankulu elimele ushintsho isimo sezwe samanje futhi hhayi ukulondolozwa kwayo kusho ukuzibonakalisa njengenye indlela esikhundleni sezinqubomgomo ze-neoliberal futhi ungabonwa njengeqembu eliyisipoki elingamile kuhulumeni noma eliphikisayo.โ Ngokuphikisana nezinto ezinhlanu ezibalulekile ze-Motion A, i-Motion M yethule uhlu lwezimfuno ezingama-29 โnjengohlelo oluncane lwempilo enesithunziโ.
Ngomlandeli we-Motion M uCarlos Carujo, oxoxwe ngu I-Espresso ngaphambi komhlangano:
Lo mhlangano kufanele ube umzuzu wezinqumo ezibalulekile zeBloc eminyakeni emibili ezayo. Kodwa i-Motion A ayicacile mayelana nombuzo kahulumeni. Ikhuluma ngohulumeni wesobunxele ngaphandle kokusho ukuthi uyini, uzokwakhiwa ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo futhi nobani. Ezivumelwaneni no-PS kushiya konke emoyeni ukuthi ubuholi buzinqumele ukuthi bufunani, akumele kube njalo.
Empeleni, inkulumo-mpikiswano phakathi kukaMotion A noMotion M iqhubekile naleyo ebiqhubeka kwiLeft Bloc kusukela iqala ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni nePS esivumela ukuthi ilungelo likhishwe kuhulumeni. Kwakusho ukuthi i-Left Bloc kanye ne-PCP bangase bakhiphe izinzuzo kuhulumeni waseCosta, kodwa futhi kwafaka ingcindezi ezinhlanganweni ezimbili ezisele ukuba zingahoxi ekuyisekeleni.[6]
Debate
Impendulo yeningi ekugxekweni kweMotion M ivele engqungqutheleni yengqungquthela. Okokuqala, i-Left Bloc yayisesimweni sokungena kuhulumeni, noma ngabe imibandela yokwenza lokho yayingakatholakali. ILungu lePhalamende kanye nomkhulumeli wezezimali uMariana Mortรกgua uthe:
Ngabe bayasibuza ukuthi siyafuna yini ukungena kuhulumeni? Yebo, sifuna ukungena kuhulumeni. Ngabe bayasibuza ukuthi siyafuna yini ukungena kuhulumeni? Yebo, singamandla aphezu kwakho. Singamandla ezepolitiki. Amandla esiphakamiso esihle, isibindi, ngokuzithoba ukuxoxa nanoma ubani ofuna ukwakha kwesokunxele.
Iminyaka emithathu yokushiya i-PS ngaphandle kwezizathu zokuphikisana neziphakamiso zayo, ngokusho kukaMartins, "iqembu elinqumayo, elilungiselelwe kangcono, eliqinile ekuhlaziyweni kwalo naseziphakamisweni zalo. I-Bloc ikhombisile ukuthi inabantu abanekhono abazi ngaphezu kongqongqoshe abaningi, ngoba siyaziqonda izinkinga empilweni.โ I-Left Bloc, ngokusho kowayengumxhumanisi kazwelonke uFrancisco Louรงรฃ, โkufanele inikeze isiqiniseko sokuthi kuzokwenzekani ngezempilo, ngezithuthi zomphakathi, ngemfundo, ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Yilokho okuzosivumela ngokuzayo ukuthi sizuze uhulumeni nezikhundla zomthwalo omkhulu.โ
Inkinga eyinhloko kwaba ukulingana kwamandla ne-PS futhi lokhu kuzoshintsha kuphela lapho kunokuqonda okubanzi emphakathini ngesidingo sokubekela inselele izithiyo ezibekwe yi-EU uma izinzuzo zomphakathi zizovikelwa futhi zandiswe. Ngakho-ke isigaba esiseduze sizoba impi yezinhliziyo nezingqondo ne-PS, lapho iLungu lePhalamende u-Joana Mortรกgua enze khona lo mnikelo:
I-PS itshele izwe ukuthi kungenzeka ukuvula ikhasi ku-austerity ngesikhathi esifanayo nokuthobela imigomo ye-compact yesabelomali [se-EU], kodwa yileso sithembiso kanye esiwumgoqo we-contraption. Ngemuva kokuzuza esikwenzile i-PS ihlale imile endleleni uma sifuna ukuya phambili. [Okukhulisiwe] ukutshalwa kwezimali komphakathi kuwumkhawulo we-contraption, futhi hhayi ngenxa yendaba yokusimama kwezimali zomphakathi, kodwa ngenxa yendaba yokusimama komkhankaso we-Mรกrio Centeno.
Lokhu bekuyinkomba ebhuqayo esicelweni esiyimpumelelo sikamgcinimafa wasePutukezi uMรกrio Centeno sokuba usihlalo we-Eurogroup yongqongqoshe bezezimali be-EU, engena esikhundleni sikazakwabo waseDashi u-Jeroen Djisselbloem, isigebengu esiphambili ekushayeni ngesihluku kwe-Eurogroup kuhulumeni wase-Greek SYRIZA ngo-2015. Omunye Indlela eyinhloko yokuhlasela i-PS kwaba ukwenqaba kwayo ukushintsha ubuso kumthetho wezabasebenzi ogunyazwe yi-EU ozuzwe njengefa ilungelo. KuLungu lePhalamende uJosรฉ Soeiro lokhu โkwakuwukugwazwa okubhekiswe esifubeni sabasebenziโ.
Itimu yesibili evame kakhulu yenkulumo-mpikiswano imayelana nezinga i-Left Bloc ezuze ngayo kuphela "imvuthuluka" kuhulumeni waseCosta futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ibekwe engcupheni isikhundla sayo sokusekela okubucayi. ILungu lePhalamende uJorge Costa wayemile kwelokuthi kwakungenjalo:
Abanamandla kwezomnotho abasixoleli ngokwenza imizabalazo esinayo. Izimali ezithengisa izindlu azisithetheleli ngempi esilwenzile ngokumelene nokuqagela; [uwoyela wamazwe ngamazwe] UGalp akasithetheleli ngokubayekisa ukumba imithombo kawoyela; [inkampani yokudiliva] I-CTT ayisithetheleli; [i-telecommunications and multimedia operator] U-Altice akasixoleli; umndeni [ocebile kakhulu] uQueiroz Pereira awusixoleli; abangcolisa uMfula iTejo abasixoleli; [isikhondlakhondla samandla] I-EDP ayisithetheleli ngokusiphoqa ukuthi sisebenzise intela yezenhlalakahle [emikhaya empofu]; izinhlangano zabaphathi azisithetheleli ngokwenyusa umholo omncane waba ngu-โฌ600โฆ
Abasithetheleli futhi lokhu kungasho into eyodwa kuphela: ezikhathini zamuva nje besenza okuthile ngendlela efanele.
Nokho, kumsekeli we-Motion M uFrancisco Pacheco, ukukhwabanisa kwase kuqhubeke isikhathi eside ngokwanele: โNgokombono wethu ngeke sikwazi ukuzinika injabulo yokuba neminye iminyaka emine yokuphikwa.
Ingxoxo yomhlangano ijwayele ukuhlanganisa ukuxoxisana phakathi kwezikhulumi ezivela emikhubeni emithathu โnemibiko yangaphambili yempiโ evela ezihambelini eziningi ezingama-625. Babevame ukuvela ezifundeni ezikude kakhulu, okuhlanganisa i-Azores ne-Madeira, futhi bakhuluma ngezinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi ababhekana nazo ekwakheni ukumelana nomphakathi kanye ne-Left Bloc emiphakathini yabo ekude. Iminikelo enjalo yayibonisa ingxoxo ebhaliwe yangaphambi komhlangano, eyayihlanganisa izihloko ezingaphezu kuka-60, okuhlanganisa nezindaba โezintshaโ njengokulwa nokucwasa ngokobuhlanga emphakathini ozigqajayo ngokuntula kwawo ukucwasa ngokobuhlanga kanye nokuvuselelwa kwakamuva kwenhlangano yabesifazane. Lokhu kuhlangene nezinselelo osekunesikhathi eside zikhona ze-Left Bloc, njengokutshala kwayo okubuthakathaka emaphandleni kanye nesidingo esiphuthumayo sokuthi ithuthukise uhlelo lwayo kanye nesisekelo sokwesekwa ezindabeni ezifana nezolimo, ukuphathwa kwamahlathi nokudoba.
Noma kunjalo, isici esiyinhloko sengxoxo, ecasulwe isitatimende sika-Mortรกgua esingagunci sokuthi โsifuna ukuphathaโ, kwakuwukuqagela mayelana nezimo lapho i-Left Bloc ingajabulisa khona ukungena kuhulumeni. Kodwa-ke, izinketho zangempela lapha azikwazanga ukuxoxwa ngakho engxoxweni lapho i-Motions M kanye no-C behlongoza ukuvotela ngokwezigaba. Kwakungekho ngxoxo, ngokwesibonelo, yokuthi ngabe i-Left Bloc kufanele yini icabange ukuba nguzakwethu omncane kuhulumeni we-PS, futhi ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo. Ezinye izithunywa ezifake isandla ekutheni โbekungeke yini kube kuhle ukube u-X ebengungqongqosheโ enze ukungenelela kobuholi exwayisa ngokuthi izimo zokungena kuhulumeni kusekude ukufezeka nokuthi u-PS okhona ngempela wayengumabi oqotho weziqondiso zikaHulumeni. i-European Commission.[7]
Enkulumweni yakhe yokuvala, u-Martins ukhulume nalolu daba ngemuva kokugcizelela ukuthi isabelomali sase-Europe esishubile kufanele sichithwe ngokugqugquzela abantu abaningi:
Yonke ipolitiki ilwela amandla kanye nohulumeni. Nakhu-ke, lona umzabalazo wethu kuhulumeni: sifuna ukukwazi ukuwufeza phambi kwabantu bakithi. Sizozabalaza ukuze lo hulumeni eze. Ungabuzi ukuthi siyafuna yini ukuba yingxenye kahulumeni olandelayo, kodwa ukuthi sinesiqiniseko sokuthi sizoba nawo yini amandla okuba yingxenye kahulumeni ngesikhathi abantu befuna.
Okwakuyimpendulo ewusizo kakhulu eyayinganikezwa kukho konke ukuqagela kwezithunywa: izinga eliphezulu lokugqugquzelwa komphakathi kanye ne-Left Bloc enamandla, kwakuyoba mkhulu amathuba okuba kukahulumeni kwesokunxele ongabamba iqhaza futhi abambe iqhaza kuwo. .
Konke lokhu bekuzama abahlaziyi bepolitiki abangongoti. Iminikelo yabo mayelana "nencazelo yomhlangano" yayisukela:
Lena bekuyingqungquthela yokungcwelisa iLeft Bloc njengeqembu likahulumeni. Kuyiqembu elenza ngokushesha inguquko ukusuka eqenjini lombhikisho kuya eqenjini lesikhungo. (Luรญs Aguiar-Conraria)
ngakolunye uhlangothi:
Ngabe iBloc icabanga ukuthi i-PS iyiqembu elingakwesokunxele ngempela? Ayikwenzi. Ingabe iBloc icabanga ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwezimali [i-euro] kuwuhlaka olufaneleka kakhulu lokuthuthukisa umnotho wase-Portuguese? Ayikwenzi. Kodwa iBloc, ngenxa yokwethuka kwango-2011 [lapho ilahlekelwa ingxenye yezihlalo zayo eziyi-16 ephalamende] kanye nesikhathi se-PCP ngo-2015 [yokuthola ukwesekwa okubucayi kuhulumeni we-PS], kufanele ishintshe ukungahambisani nomkhuba wayo ukuze "ilungele ukuhamba. kuhulumeniโโunyawo olulodwa, nokho lukhubazekile, emandleni. Akukho kulokhu "ukulinganisela", ngomqondo wokwamukela izimiso zentando yeningi emele, umnotho wemakethe kanye nokuhlanganiswa kweYurophu. (Rui Ramos)
Isiphetho
Ukuvotelwa kweziphakamiso akuzange kusimangaze, njengoba i-Motion A ithole ukwesekwa ngo-90% (amavoti angu-459 kwabangu-510), i-Motion M 7.8% (amavoti angu-40), i-Motion C 1.7% (amavoti angu-9) no-0.4% awazange (amavoti angu-2). I-Motion A iphinde yawina izikhundla ezingu-70 kwezingu-80 kuBhodi Likazwelonke Le-Left Bloc (ngamavoti angu-457 kuzithunywa ezingu-584 ezivotayo). Ezinye izikhundla ezingu-10 zingene ku-Motion C (amavoti angu-62) ngenxa yokuthi izithunywa ezeseka u-Motion M azikwazanga ukwethula ithikithi elihlangene. Angu-57 amavoti awonakele kanye namavoti awonakele. U-Motion A uphinde wawina zonke izikhundla eziyisikhombisa kwiKhomishana Yokulawula.
Ngakho-ke umhlangano waba nokuqiniswa kweningi kanye nokuba buthakathaka ekusekeleni imisinga egxeka isivumelwano ne-PS. Ukwesekwa komugqa we-Motion M kwehle kwafinyelela ku-7.6% kusukela ku-11.4% okwatholwa owandulele u-Motion R emhlanganweni kazwelonke odlule, kanti ukwesekwa kobuholi obuningi kukhuphuke kwasuka kuma-79.7% abhalisiwe ngo-2016. inani lezithunywa, lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokungakwazi kwabasekeli be-Motion M ukuveza enye indlela engenzeka yokwesekwa okubucayi nokunemibandela iBloc Yesokunxele eyayinikeze i-PS kanye nokuvotela kwabo ukuphindwaphindwa kokwephula kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi ezinye izindlela ezingase zibe khona. ngemva kokhetho lukazwelonke olulandelayo.
Ngezinga lobumbano elibhaliswe kuleli voti i-Left Bloc isesimweni esihle sokubhekana nenselelo yayo yokuqala ngo-2019 - ukuzuza izihlalo ezengeziwe okhethweni lwasephalamende lwase-Europe lwangoMeyi ngokubamba iqhaza ngenkuthalo kumfelandawonye we-"And Now, The People" wamaqembu angakwesokunxele. kusuka eFinland, eSweden, eDenmark, eFrance naseSpain.
Lena bekuyindikimba yomhlangano wamazwe omhlaba wokuvula umhlangano, obugxile ekuveleni kwelungelo e-Italy kanye nezinqubomgomo ezidabukisayo zokulwa nababaleki kahulumeni wayo waseNyakatho neNkanyezi Ezinhlanu. Ilungu leLungu lePhalamende laseNxele laseNtaliyane u-Erasmo Palazzotto kanye no-Eleonora Forenza, Ilungu LePhalamende LaseYurophu Lokusungulwa kabusha KobuKhomanisi kanye Namandla Kubantu, bachaza ukuthi kwanda kangakanani ukumelana nokucwaswa kwabokufika okunobuthi kukahulumeni wase-Italy. Okuyinkomba kwakuyigagasi lokusekelwa kukaDomenico Lucano, umphathi-dolobha wedolobha laseCalabrian, eRiace, obekwe icala โlokukhuthaza ukushushumbiswa kwabantu ngokungemthethoโ ngenxa yenqubomgomo yakhe yokwamukela ababaleki nokubahlalisa emphakathini.[8]
Umlayezo oyinhloko womhlangano wawuwukuthi ilungelo lokucwasa liwumkhiqizo weYurophu "evamile" ye-neoliberal austerity. Ingqungquthela Kazwelonke Ye-Left Bloc Yeshumi Nanye ibe yigxathu elibalulekile eliya phambili ekwakheni impi yokulwa naleyo Yurophu kanye nenzalo yayo ebhebhezela inzondo yobandlululo nokucwaswa kwabokufika.
UDick Nichols Green Kwesobunxele Isonto's intatheli European, ezinze Barcelona. Uhambele umhlangano we-Left Bloc egameni le-Australian Socialist Alliance. Inguqulo emfushane yalesi sihloko isivele ivele ku- Green Kwesobunxele Isonto iwebhusayithi.
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