Yize ikhule ngamanani aphezulu kakhulu esikhathini esidlule, iBrazil isenokwabiwa kwemali engalingani kakhulu emhlabeni. Lesi simo kumele sibuyiselwe emuva. Ukuntuleka kwentando yeningi yezomnotho nenhlalo kusongela intando yeningi yonkana. Amanani okubumbana komphakathi aye ehla. Izikhungo zombuso, ezombangazwe kanye nosopolitiki zibukwa ngobutha obandayo.
Lesi simo sesibe sibi kakhulu kule minyaka engamashumi amabili edlule ngenxa yokuwohloka komnotho noma ukuntengantenga. Kusukela ngo-1990, iBrazil - njengakwamanye amazwe aseLatin America - yenziwe ilabhorethri yezindlela zokupheka zezomnotho eziyinhlekelele ezalimaza amandla ayo okukhiqiza, yahlakaza isisekelo somphakathi, yenza buthaka ikhono lombuso lokulawula futhi yandisa ukuba sengozini kwayo ezicindezelweni zangaphandle.
I-Brazilian Workers’ party (PT), ibambisene nabanye, manje yenza iphrojekthi ehlanganisa ukukhula komnotho nokwabiwa kabusha kwemali engenayo, ijulise intando yeningi yezombangazwe futhi igomela ubukhosi bezwe lethu emhlabeni.
Sazuza ngefa umthwalo osindayo. Imali yehla kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nedola futhi izikweletu zamazwe ngamazwe zoma. Uhulumeni omusha ukwazile ukunqoba lesi simo futhi wadida izibikezelo zokuwa komnotho. Ukuziphatha kahle kwezimali, amazinga enzalo aphezulu esikhathini esifushane, inqubomgomo enolaka kanye nentela, kanye nokuguqulwa kwezokuphepha kwezenhlalakahle kusize ukuvuselela kokubili umnotho kanye nokuzethemba kwezwe kanye namazwe ngamazwe.
Kwasungulwa umfelandawonye obanzi wezenhlalakahle nezombusazwe, okuhlanganisa ababusi bezifundazwe, iphalamende, izinyunyana zabasebenzi, osomabhizinisi kanye neminye imikhakha. Kunezikhathi lapho ukuhlangana okukhulu kuphela kwezinhloso kunganqoba izimo ezibucayi.
Ngenxa yalokho, izinga lokushintshisana liye lazinza, ukwehla kwamandla emali kwehle ngaphansi kwe-9%, isilinganiso sesikweletu sezwe sithuthukile, umthwalo wezikweletu wehlile. Izikweletu zokuthekelisa ziphinde zasungulwa futhi kulo nyaka ibhalansi yohwebo izosebenzisa imali engaphezu kuka-$20bn. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, izimo zokubuyela ekukhuleni kanye nokukhushulwa kokuqashwa kufinyelelwe.
Ukuzinikela ekwenzeni imodeli entsha yezomnotho kudinga izinqubomgomo ezinamandla, njengezinhlelo zethu ze-Hunger Zero kanye ne-First Job. Ukulwa nendlala kuhlanganisa kokubili izinyathelo zesakhiwo - ukweseka abalimi abancane, imfundo, ezempilo, izindlu, ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi nendle - kanye nokusiza okuphuthumayo kulabo abanenkinga yokungondleki.
Izimo zezenhlalo nezombusazwe sezimi ngomumo ukwethula umjikelezo wentuthuko esimeme. Lokho kuzodinga ukukhuliswa kwemakethe yangaphakathi, ikakhulukazi yezimpahla zabathengi abaningi, ngokuhlanganisa kuyo izigidi zezakhamuzi ezingabaliwe. Ukuguqulwa kwezolimo nakho kubalulekile uma umnotho waseBrazil uzokwakhiwa kabusha. Futhi izodlala indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni izwe libe nentando yeningi ngokugcwele.
Umbuso kufanele futhi uthathe isinyathelo esiwujuqu ukuze ufeze indima yawo yokulawula emnothweni. Izimpumelelo ezimenyezelwa kakhulu zokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke zehlulekile ukwenzeka, zenziwe zaba zimbi kakhulu isimo sokuwohloka komnotho emhlabeni wonke. Iseluleko esinikezwa izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe, futhi esilandelwa ngobugqila abaningi, siye sasusa izimboni ezindaweni ezinkulu zeplanethi yethu.
Inkulumo yokuhweba ngokukhululeka iphikisana nemikhuba yokuvikela yamazwe acebile. Ukugeleza okungalawuleki kwezimali kungase kuthuntubeze izwe emahoreni ambalwa. Indlala, ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi nokukhishwa inyumbazane kwezenhlalo sekufinyelele emazingeni ashaqisayo emazweni asathuthuka. Ngempela, kunezikhwama ezinkulu zobumpofu ngisho nasemiphakathini ecebile.
Lesi simo sidinga uhlobo olusha lwenqubomgomo yezangaphandle ukuze lusize ekwakheni uhlelo lwezwe olusha olunobulungiswa nolwentando yeningi. Kumele kuqedwe ukubhebhetheka kwezimali kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezingcindezi ezitholakalayo kwezomnotho ezisathuthuka. Kubalulekile ukuthi kokubili ukuvikela okusobala nokucashile okubukela phansi amazwe ampofu kuqedwe.
Sizibophezele ekuxazululeni izingxabano ngokuthula, ukuvikela ukusebenzisana kwezizwe ngezizwe kanye nohlelo lomhlaba oluhlonipha kokubili amalungelo abantu kanye nomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. Lokho kudinga ukuguqulwa kwezinhlangano ezihlangene, kuhlanganise ne-UN kanye nomkhandlu wayo wezokuphepha; ngempela, iBrazil ifune ilungelo lesihlalo njengelungu elihlala njalo lomkhandlu.
Okugqamayo okugqamayo kokushuba kwesimo samazwe ngamazwe kuwumphumela wokungalingani okukhona emhlabeni, nezinkulungwane zezigidi zabantu abangasebenzi kanye namakhulu ezigidi alambile futhi agula, kanye nombuso wawo wokuhweba ongenabulungiswa. Ngokumelene nalesi sizinda, iNingizimu Melika isiphenduke into ehamba phambili yenqubomgomo entsha yezangaphandle yaseBrazil, ene-ajenda yenyunyana yentela, ukuhlanganiswa kwezomnotho kanye nemali efanayo yesikhathi esizayo.
– kanye nokuvula indlela yephalamende lesifunda elikhethiwe kanye nenqubomgomo yesifunda efanayo yezangaphandle.
I-Brazil, izwe elinabantu abamnyama besibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni, iphinde yavuselela ubudlelwano bayo ne-Afrika futhi yaphinde yasebenzisana nezwe lama-Arab. Ukusungulwa kweqembu le-G3 yi-Brazil, India kanye neNingizimu Afrika kumele isinyathelo esiwujuqu ekuqiniseni ubudlelwano phakathi kweningizimu neningizimu, sibe sakhe ubudlelwano obuvuthiwe ne-US kanye ne-Europe.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Brazilian akuhlosiwe njengemodeli. Abasebenzi'
Iqembu elibusa izwe njengamanje lakhiwe ngomfelandawonye othize wezenhlalo nezepolitiki. Leli qembu elincane elishiyayo laphuma ezigabeni zabasebenzi phakathi neminyaka ewohlokayo yombuso wezempi.
Ukuvela kwayo ngo-1980 kwaqondana nezimo ezibucayi ezibhekene nentando yeningi yezenhlalo kanye nokwehla kwe-USSR kanye namazwe eqembu lamaKhomanisi. Kuphinde kwaqondana negagasi elilondolozayo elakhukhula umhlaba laze langcolisa izingxenye zesokunxele.
Uhlelo lwayo lwahlanganisa izimfuno zezomnotho nezenhlalo kanye nezicelo zenkululeko yezombangazwe. Yayisekelwa yizigaba ezibanzi zesigaba esiphakathi, zentsha kanye nezinhlangano ezintsha zomphakathi. I-PT izichaza njengeqembu elishiya abantu abaningi elilandela intando yeningi enhlanganweni yalo yangaphakathi. Leli qembu lisize ekwakheni kabusha umbutho wezinyunyana futhi linikeze umfutho emizabalazweni yezenhlalakahle ezweni lonke, kanye nokudlala indima ebalulekile ezingeni lohulumeni basekhaya, lapho lilandele khona izinqubomgomo zokulwa nenkohlakalo.
Isipiliyoni sikahulumeni manje sesiyivuselele i-PT. Futhi izibopho phakathi kombuso nomphakathi zibuye zabuyekezwa ngokwamukelwa kwezinhlelo, njengezabelomali ezibamba iqhaza, ezivumela ukwengamela kwezakhamizi izinqubomgomo zomphakathi.
Kudingeka isibindi ukuze kuqaliswe uhlelo lwezinguquko olunezifiso olungathuthukisa ngokushesha izimo zokuphila zeningi labantu. Kodwa-ke, izinguquko ezinjalo kufanele ziqondwe njengengxenye eyodwa kuphela yenqubo ebanzi yokuguqulwa kwezenhlalakahle. Ubuqiniso bezepolitiki akumele buthathwe njengesizathu sokulahla amaphupho alele esisekelweni sokucabanga kwesobunxele. Angeke futhi kusho ukwenqatshwa kwamavoti abantu baseBrazil abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-52.
U-Luiz Ignacio Lula da Silva ungumongameli waseBrazil kanye nomongameli ohloniphekile we-Workers’ party. Inguqulo ende yalesi sihloko izoshicilelwa ngo www.brazil.org.uk
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