Cishe amalungu angu-8000 enhlangano entsha i-Podemos apakishe i-Palacio Vistalegre eMadrid ngo-Okthoba 18 no-19, 2014, ezigabeni zokugcina ze-Citizens' Assembly "Si se puede" (Yebo singakwazi). Umhlangano, owawunabangu-150,000 ababambe iqhaza ku-inthanethi, uxoxisane ngemibhalo esalungiswa yesisekelo samandla ezombusazwe amasha nakhula ngokushesha kakhulu esifunda saseSpain.
Emasontweni amabili ubulungu bomhlangano bukhule busuka ku-150,000 baya ku-215,000. Ukuvota kwemibono kwakamuva kukhombisa ukuthi amaPodemos enyuka esuka kwesithathu ngenhloso yokuvota eya okokuqala, esusa zombili izinhlangothi ezibusayo ezibusayo ezimele iPeople's Party (PP) kanye neSpanish Socialist Workers Party (PSOE) โ Iqembu elikhulu laseSpain lentando yeningi leminyaka engaphezu kweyi-100. umlando.
Kwesinye sezibonelo ezinhle kakhulu zenhlangano ezenzakalelayo noma kuphi emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, imibuthano ye-Podemos engaphezu kuka-900 (amagatsha endawo) yakhelwe kulo lonke elaseSpain.
Ukumelana nomphakathi
Okwasemuva kwalesi simo kubhekene nokumelana nokuncishiswa okukhulu kwezinkampani zikahulumeni, ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi okucekela phansi kanye nochungechunge lwamahlazo enkohlakalo abonakala engapheli. Lena imiphumela yenkinga yezomnotho nepolitiki ehlasele iSpain kusukela ngo-2008.
Lokhu kuphikisa kuzuze ukunakwa kwamazwe ngamazwe lapho abantu behlala ezindaweni zomphakathi emadolobheni angamakhulu aseSpain ngaphambi kokhetho lukazwelonke lwango-2011 โ lokho okubizwa ngokuthi.ethukuthele noma ukunyakaza kwe-15M.
Kuphinde kuhlanganise nezinye izinhlangano zomphakathi, ezifana nomkhankaso wokuthola imali encane kubantu abacishe babe yizigidi ezi-2 abangenamsebenzi abangafanelekile ukuthola noma yiluphi uhlobo lwenzuzo. Eminye imibutho ihlanganisa iCamps and Marches for Dignity, umkhankaso wokumisa ukukhishwa kwabantu ezindlini okwenziwa amabhange kanye โnamagagasiโ amhlophe naluhlaza avikela impilo yomphakathi kanye nemfundo ekunqandeni okunzima.
Kusukela ngo-2008, bangaphezu kuka-500,000 abantu abaphoqeleke ukuba bashiye amakhaya abo phakathi nenani elisemthethweni lokungasebenzi likazwelonke elilinganiselwa ku-25% (ngaphezu kwama-50% kwabaneminyaka engaphansi kuka-25). Khonamanjalo, amabhange amakhulu atakulwe ngezigidigidi zama-euro kahulumeni ngaphandle kwentambo.
Kulesi simo esiqhubekayo sezinkinga zezenhlalo nezomnotho, amahlazo enkohlakalo alokhu equbuka. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukwebiwa kwezimali zomphakathi ngamalungu omndeni wasebukhosini ngokusebenzisa izisekelo ze-dummy; izivumelwano zomphakathi ezikhuphukile zabangane nomndeni we-PP, kanye nokukhokhwa kwamabhonasi nyanga zonke ngemali engakamenyezelwa kubaphathi abaphezulu be-PP iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 - ekhokhelwa iminikelo yeqembu lemali engekho emthethweni evela ezinkampanini ezinkulu, eziningi zazo ezitholiwe. izinkontileka zikahulumeni ezinenzuzo; kanye nokwebiwa kwezimali zenani lama-euro ezingamakhulu ezigidi eziqondiswe kubasebenzi abangasebenzi ngamalungu e-PSOE nezinyunyana ezinkulu zabasebenzi.
Sekuqubuke amahlazo amabili enkohlakalo esikhathini esesidume ngele-โBlack Octoberโ - okuyinyanga lapho osopolitiki abangu-141 babekwa amacala enkohlakalo.
Esokuqala siwukusetshenziswa kwamakhadi esikweletu โamnyamaโ ngamalungu ebhodi yeCaja Madrid, umphakathi wokwakha waseMadrid osebenza esidlangalaleni, owatakulwa ngezigidigidi zama-euro emalini yomphakathi. Lawa makhadi esikweletu avumela abamele amaqembu ezepolitiki nezinyunyana abaqokwe ezikhundleni ezahlukahlukene ebhange ukuthi basebenzise amanani angenamkhawulo wemali โ engaziwa futhi engamenyezelwa ehhovisi lentela. Sekukonke, abaqondisi abangama-83 abaqokwe kwezombusazwe basebenzise imali engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-โฌ15 kumakhadi esikweletu โamnyamaโ.
UJose Antonio Moral Santin, owayeyilungu eliphambili le-United Left (IU) eMadrid, usebenzise u-โฌ465,000 ekhadini lakhe ngaphezu komholo wakhe wonyaka wama-โฌ500,000. Ilungu lePhalamende lesifunda le-IU iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili, uMoral Santin waba umqondisi ngenxa yesivumelwano sezepolitiki phakathi kwe-United Left kanye ne-PP.
Kusukela emhlanganweni ka-Podemos wangomhla zili-18 kuMfumfu, ukudalulwa kwenye inethiwekhi yenkohlakalo ku-Operation โPรบnicaโ sekuholele ekutheni osopolitiki abangu-140 emazingeni ahlukene kahulumeni babekwe amacala enkohlakalo ehlobene nokugwazelwa kanye nokulungiswa kwamathenda ezinkontileka zikahulumeni zenani lama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-250. Labo abathweswe amacala baxhumene ngqo futhi baqokwe ubuholi obuphethe be-PP futhi bahlanganisa wonke amazinga kahulumeni. Kodwa-ke, osopolitiki abavela ku-PSOE nabo bayathinteka, okubonisa ukungcoliswa kwezinhlangothi ezimbili.
Lawa amacala aziwa kakhulu kuphela; idolobha nedolobhana ngalinye linendaba yalo yenkohlakalo, futhi abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi amacala abawaziyo, noma abawasolayo, ayingcosana nje kuphela.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuvota kwakamuva okubeka i-Podemos ehola zonke ezinye izinhlangano zezombangazwe zenziwa ngaphambi kwalesi sihlava senkohlakalo yakamuva, kodwa ngemuva kwecala "lamakhadi esikweletu amnyama".
Inhlangano yomhlangano
I-Podemos ekuqaleni yasungulwa izifundiswa ezivela eNyuvesi yaseComplutense eMadrid ezingxoxweni ne-Anticapitalist Left, inhlangano ekude kwesokunxele esifundazweni saseSpain ehambisana ne-Fourth International. Ikhule ngokushesha ngomkhankaso osebenzisa izinkundla zokuxhumana ukuze ingenele ukhetho lwase-Europe.
Umkhulumeli obalulekile wePodemos nguPablo Iglesias, isifundiswa seComplutense. Ungumuntu wezindaba, owaqala ngokwethula izinhlelo zezingxoxo zezombusazwe eziteshini ze-TV ezingacacile eziku-inthanethi noma zekhebula wabe esedlulela ekubonakaleni kaningi kumanethiwekhi kazwelonke.
Kusukela okhethweni lwaseYurophu, lapho ithole khona amavoti ayizigidi ezingu-1.2 futhi kwakhethwa Amalungu amahlanu ePhalamende LaseYurophu (kuhlanganise ne-Iglesias), futhi ikakhulukazi kusukela umhlangano wayo wokusungula kanye namacala akamuva enkohlakalo, i-Podemos iye yavela nsuku zonke ezindabeni ezivamile, izindaba zamanje kanye imidiya ephrintiwe. Abakhulumeli be-Podemos babizelwe ukuvela noma ukuphawula yiwo wonke amanethiwekhi omsakazo kazwelonke nawe-TV.
Ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kwemithombo yezindaba, i-Podemos isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusekelwe kuwebhu ukuze kwandiswe ukubamba iqhaza kwentando yeningi. I-Facebook ibe yithuluzi elibalulekile lokwakha ukwesekwa nokuxhumana namalungu. Ikhasi le-Facebook le-Podemos likazwelonke linokuthandwa okungu-880,000 futhi yonke imibuthano kanye nabaholi abaningi ababalulekile banamakhasi abo e-Facebook. U-Pablo Iglesias yedwa unokuthandwa okungu-117,000. Lokhu kwabonakala ikakhulukazi ekuhleleni iSigungu Sezakhamizi.
Inhloso eyinhloko yoMkhandlu Wezakhamuzi kwakuwukusungula izinhlaka zenhlangano zangaphakathi zePodemos. Umhlangano wokusungula le nhlangano waqala ngoSepthemba 15 ngezingxoxo zangaphambi kohlaka kanye neziphakamiso ezenziwa ngenkundla ye-inthanethi. Lokhu kwalandelwa ukwethulwa kwemibhalo esalungiswa mayelana nezimiso zokuziphatha, inhlangano yezombangazwe namasu ezepolitiki ngoSepthemba 28.
Cishe amaqembu ayi-100 ethule imibhalo engaphezu kuka-300 nezinqumo eziyi-100 emhlanganweni. Lokhu kwalandelwa inqubo yezingxoxo kwaze kwaba yilapho imibhalo yokugcina, enamakhasi angaphezu kuka-2500, yethulwa ngo-Okthoba 18 no-19.
Izinqumo zivotelwe ku-inthanethi. Abahlanu abathole amavoti amaningi babe sebephasiswa futhi kwakhulunywa nabo emhlanganweni waseMadrid ngamathimba abethulile. Iqembu ngalinye libe nesikhathi esilinganayo sokuphikisa icala ngeziphakamiso zalo. Umhlangano ubusakazwa bukhoma futhi wonke amaqembu abhekene nemibuzo.
Ukuvota kumadokhumenti beku-inthanethi futhi kwavalwa ngo-Okthoba 26. Noma ubani obhalise ku-inthanethi angavota. Babalelwa ku-130,000 ababhalise ngaphambi komhlangano nabanye abangu-20,000 phakathi nawo.
Muva nje i-Podemos yethule uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-smartphone oluhlanganisa zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza nezinkundla ezisetshenziselwa ukubamba iqhaza ezingxoxweni futhi kuvotelwe iziphakamiso, izinqumo kanye namakhandidethi. I-crowdfunding yasetshenziselwa ukukhokhela izindleko ze-Citizen's Assembly kanye nemibuthano yendawo ukuze kuqoqwe imali yamaphrojekthi athile.
Imibandela esemqoka yesivumelwano emhlanganweni yayiphezu kokuziphendulela kwezimiso zokuziphatha kwazo zonke izikhundla ezikhethwe esidlangalaleni nezangaphakathi, kanye nemikhawulo yeholo kanye nemikhawulo yobude besikhathi noma ubani angaba nesikhundla.
Ngenxa yalokho, amaholo azo zonke izikhulu zePodemos azokhawulelwa kumholo ojwayelekile wesisebenzi esinekhono. Izikhulu zePodemos zingase ziqashwe kwezombusazwe kuze kube yiminyaka eyisishiyagalombili, ngemuva kwalokho kulindeleke ukuthi zibuyele emsebenzini wazo wangaphambili zingenawo amalungelo akhethekile njengezimpesheni. Akumele futhi babe nesikhundla ebhodini labaqondisi noma basebenze njengabaxhumanisi iminyaka eyi-10 ngemuva kokusula esikhundleni.
Ngesikhathi sazo kunoma yisiphi isikhundla sezombangazwe, izikhulu ziyavuma ukuthi ngeke zithole amalungelo akhethekile njengezimoto ezisemthethweni noma izindleko zokufuna izindleko ngaphandle kobuncane obudingekayo ukuze zifeze izibopho zazo.
Izinkulumo mpikiswano ngesakhiwo namasu
Izingxenye ezibalulekile zomehluko engxoxweni yangaphambi komhlangano nasemhlanganweni ngokwawo zithinta inhlangano.
Ithimba lika-Claro Que Podemos (CQP), eliholwa u-Iglesias nabambisene nabo abaseduze kakhulu, liphakamise imodeli ephakathi nendawo kanobhala jikelele oyedwa kanye noMkhandlu Wezakhamizi ona-81 okhethwe amalungu ngokuqondile. Unobhala-jikelele uzophinde akhethe umkhandlu wabaluleki abayi-15 ozogunyazwa wuMkhandlu wezakhamizi. Ngaphezu kwalokho isiphakamiso se-CQP asizange sivumele amalungu asezikhundleni zomthwalo wemfanelo ukuba abe yingxenye yeqembu lezombusazwe likazwelonke ngaphandle kwama-Podemos. Lokhu kubonwe ngabaningi njengokuqondiswe ku-Anticapitalist Left.
USumando Podemos (SP), ithimba eliphikisayo elinezinga eliphakeme lokusekela, liholwa ama-MEPs uPablo Echenique, uTeresa Rodriguez (Anticapitalist Kwesobunxele) no-Lola Sanchez, kanye noVictor Garcia no-Diego Pacheco. Baphakamise ithimba lonobhala-jikelele abathathu, uMkhandlu Wezakhamuzi omkhulu ona-99, okuhlanganisa namalungu angama-20 akhethwe ngokungahleliwe, kanye nomkhandlu wokweluleka okhethwe uMkhandlu Wezakhamuzi kunokuba ukhethwe unobhala jikelele. Baphinde bacela ukuthi kwehliswe umkhawulo wezinqubo zokuhoxiswa kwabantu kanye nokubizwa kwe-Extraordinary Citizens' Assemblies.
Kodwa-ke, zombili iziphakamiso ze-CQP kanye ne-SP bezisekelwe ekuvoteni okuvulekile kohlu lwabazokhethwa esikhundleni sohlu oluvaliwe olwethulwa ubuholi. Izikhundla zikanobhala jikelele zizokhethwa yiwo wonke amalungu abhalisiwe. Zonke izivumelwano zezombusazwe kanye nezinhlelo zokhetho zizogunyazwa yi-Citizens'Assemblies โ yendawo, isifunda noma izwe lonkeโfuthi zonke izikhundla ezikhethiwe zizobuyiswa ngezinqubo ezisekelwe kumaphesenti athile amalungu noma imibuthano yendawo.
Inkulumo-mpikiswano mayelana namasu epolitiki yayizungeza ekutheni lungenele ukhetho lohulumeni basekhaya lwangoMeyi ozayo ngaphansi kwegama elithi Podemos noma kwakhiwe imifelandawonye yokhetho ngokusekelwe kumodeli yokuhlela yomhlangano ovulekile efana nekaPodemos. Imikhankaso enjalo, ebandakanya amandla okunyakaza kwesobunxele kanye nezenhlalo, isivele iyaqhubeka e-Barcelona (lapho kwavela khona umqondo wamathikithi ezakhamuzi), iMadrid kanye namadolobha amakhulu angaphezu kuka-20.
Kukhona ohulumeni bomasipala abangaphezu kuka-8000 eSpain futhi i-Podemos namanje ingakathuthukisiwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izilawuli ezifanele zikhona yonke indawo; ngakho-ke i-CQP iphakamise ukuthi ama-Podemos angagijimi ngaphansi kwegama lawo okhethweni lomasipala kodwa akwenze lokho okhethweni lwezifunda olungoJulayi kanye nokhetho lukazwelonke ngoNovemba 2015.
Umhlangano ubuye waphawulwa ngezitatimende ezehlukene zikaPablo Iglesias. Uthe uma kuzonqoba iqoqo lamaphepha aphikisayo uzohoxa futhi ulindele ukuthi namaqembu aphikisayo enze okufanayo uma kulandelwa umbono wakhe.
Ephendula izingcingo zokuthi kube nesikhundla sokuvumelana phakathi kwamaqembu amabili asekelwa kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yokungafuni kwe-CQP ukuhlangana no-SP, u-Iglesias wachaza ukuthi akavumelani nesikhundla sika-SP nokuthi uPodemos wayengeyona ingxenye lapho kwenziwa khona amadili futhi umphumela wethulwe ukuqinisekiswa okungokomfanekiso. Kunalokho, amalungu ayenganquma.
Zombili izinhlangothi zabambelela ekutheni iziphakamiso zabo zizuze ukulingana okufanele phakathi kokusebenza kahle kanye nentando yeningi. Kodwa i-CQP ithe uhlaka lwayo lwenhlangano yilolo olunganqoba ukhetho endaweni enobutha kuyilapho abakwaSP bengakwazi.
I-CQP yethule iziphakamiso endaweni ngayinye kwezintathu ukuze kuthathwe izinqumo โ izimiso zokuziphatha, inhlangano kanye namasu โ kuyilapho i-SP yethula isiphakamiso senhlangano kuphela. Ithimba ngalinye libe nesinqumo sokunquma ukuthi iziphakamiso zabo zizovotelwa kanjani, njengephakheji noma ngokwehlukana. I-CQP yethule iziphakamiso zayo njengephakheji yokuthatha-noma-noma-yishiye, okusho ukuthi amalungu awakwazanga ukuvotela ingxube ye-CQP nezinye iziphakamiso.
Iziphakamiso ze-CQP ziwine ivoti ngeningi elikhuluโ80.71% yabantu abayizi-112,000 abavotile. Isigaba esilandelayo, esiqhubekayo njengamanje, esokukhethwa kwabazongenela izikhundla ezingama-63 eMkhandlwini Wezakhamuzi abakhethwe ngokuqondile amalungu, ekanobhala-jikelele kanye nezikhundla eziyishumi kuKhomishini Yeziqinisekiso ZeDemocratic Alliance. - icala lokuqinisekisa ukuthi izimiso zokuziphatha ze-Podemos ziyagcinwa.
I-Podemos populism?
I-Podemos ibhalwe ngokuthi "i-populist" ngabahlaziyi abaningi abavela kuyo yonke inkundla yezepolitiki. Nokho, ama-editorials ku We bafowethu, iphephandaba likazwelonke elinodumo oluthile njengejenali โyekhwalithi,โ linikeza ukugxeka okuhambisana kakhulu. Owokuqala wawungowokuhlela ngoMeyi 30 ngemva kokhetho lwaseYurophu olunesihloko esithi, โOsanda kufikaโ, omunye wavela ngoSepthemba 19 onesihloko esithi, โSiyakwamukela ohlelweniโ, nangosuku olungemva komhlangano ka-Okthoba eMadrid El Paรญs ukuphawula kwakunesihloko esithi โPodemos organisesโ. El Paรญs ihambisana nepolitiki ne-PSOE, okwamanje isekela ukopha ku-Podemos.
El Paรญs ngokushesha waqaphela usongo olubangelwa ukumangala kwamavoti ayizigidi ezingu-1.2 atholwe ama-Podemos okhethweni lwase-Europe futhi wabiza ukwakheka okusha ngokuthi โi-populistโ ngokuhlasela kwawo osopolitiki bazo zonke izigaba - ngokuvamile eyaziwa ngokuthi la casta (isigaba noma ukusungulwa). Iphinde yaba phakathi kwabokuqala ukuvusa intukuthelo โyokuxhunywa kwabantu baseVenezuelaโ ngenxa yokuthi izifundiswa ezimbalwa zeComplutense ebuholini zake zaba ngabacebisi balowo owayengumongameli waseVenezuela u-Hugo Chavez kanye nohulumeni abahlukahlukene baseNingizimu Melika.
Isihloko sokuhlela sesibili esithi, โSiyakwamukela ohlelweniโ, sathuthukisa futhi ukugxeka okuvela ezinhlwini ze-PSOE, ikakhulukazi ukuthi i-Podemos iyinto ehlala emadolobheni esezingeni eliphakathi, futhi yagxeka ithimba le-Iglesias CQP njengoba nje lilandelana futhi libekwe endaweni eyodwa njengamanye amabutho ezombusazwe. , ngakho-ke akameleli lutho olusha. Iphinde yanxusa ama-Podemos ukuthi anamathele "emithethweni yomdlalo" ngaphandle "kwezinhlelo ezifihliwe".
Ekugcineni, ngemva komhlangano, El Paรญs ibhale inkulumo yePodemos โengekho kwesokunxele noma kwesokudlaโ njengeyintandokazi futhi yathi kwakuyisinyathelo esingenamsebenzi ngoba ihlose ukugqugquzela abantu ukuthi bamelene nezikhungo ezisemthethweni zentando yeningi ngaphandle kokunikeza umbono ohambisanayo wenye imodeli yokunqoba ubunzima bezepolitiki nezomnotho.
Nakuba inhloso eyinhloko ye El Paรญs ukuvimbela amalungu e-PSOE nabavoti beqa umkhumbi baye e-Podemos futhi isebenzisa izimpikiswano eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuze kuzuzwe lokhu, ibhala ngokuthi "okungenakwesokudla noma kwesobunxele" kodwa "abantu ngokumelene nabantu." la castaโ Inkulumo kaPodemos njenge-populist nayo inanelwe ngaphakathi kwe-United Left (IU).[i] UCayo Lara, umxhumanisi kazwelonke we-IU uthi "inkohlakalo iyi-ante-chamber of populism and fascism".[Ii]
Lawa ma-agumenti awanalutho futhi amele imizamo ekhulayo yokuphelelwa ithemba yakho kokubili i-PSOE ne-IU yokuhlenga okusele kusisekelo sabo sosekelo. Lokhu kunjalo ikakhulukazi ku-IU, ebhekene nethemba langempela lokuqedwa ngokhetho ebalazweni ezindaweni eziningi zezwe.
Izinsika zohlelo lwezepolitiki ngemuva kwePodemos zidlulela ngale kokuchazwa kalula kwabo bonke osopolitiki njengabakhohlakele. lombhalo. Isekelwe ezidingweni zemikhankaso emikhulu yokumelana esungulwe eminyakeni embalwa edlule ngenxa yokuncishiswa kwezindleko zomphakathi kanye nenhlekelele enkulu yezenhlalo ekhiqizwa ukuwa komnotho - okufingqiwe esiqubulweni. pan, techo y trabajo (isinkwa, uphahla kanye nomsebenzi).
Izisekelo zalolu hlelo yilezi: imali encane engenayo yezigidi zabantu abangasebenzi okwamanje abangalutholi uxhaso lwemali engenayo; ukuphela kokuxoshwa kanye nokulawulwa komphakathi kwenqwaba yezindlu ezingenalutho ezisezandleni zamabhange azimele kanye nezinkonzo eziyisisekelo eziqinisekisiwe zawo wonke umuntu; ukucwaningwa kwamabhuku esikweletu somphakathi kanye nokuhlelwa kabusha kwezinkokhelo ukuze kuvunyelwe umbuso ukusebenzisa inqubomgomo yomnotho yokwandisa; kanye nokufakwa ngaphansi kukahulumeni lapho kudingeka khona ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi uhlelo luyaqaliswa. Inkohlakalo kufanele kubhekwane nayo ngophenyo olunzulu kanye nezinguquko ezibanzi ohlelweni lwezomthetho - mhlawumbe ithemba elidala ukwesaba okukhulu kosopolitiki bamanje.
Igama elithi "Kwesobunxele" e-Spain lihlotshaniswa ngokuzenzakalela ne-PSOE ne-IU, ngokungafani nesimo emazweni amaningi akhuluma isiNgisi lapho amaqembu amakhulu entando yeningi yezenhlalo ashiya leli gama ngesikhathi amukela i-neoliberalism. Inkulumo yezombangazwe yePodemos ifingqwe kangcono ngamazwi kaPablo Iglesias emhlanganweni waseMadrid: โAkukona Kwesokudla noma Kwesokunxele - kodwa wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ngivelaphi.โ I-Podemos isungule i-paradigm entsha yezepolitiki eSpain: la casta ngokumelene nabantu, ipolitiki endala ngokumelene nentsha.
Isisekelo sokusekela
Emasontweni amabili ngemuva komhlangano we-Madrid i-Podemos ivotela ngaphambi kokubili kwe-PP ne-PSOE futhi kuqala ngenhloso eqondile yokuvota. Ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili ikhona i-Podemos manje inokusekelwa okungu-27.7% uma kuqhathaniswa no-26.2% we-PSOE, u-20.7% we-PP ebusayo kanye no-3.8% we-IU. Ukusekelwa kwama-Podemos kuvela kuwo wonke amaqembu amakhulu ezombusazwe, ikakhulukazi kusuka ku-PSOE ne-IU, kodwa futhi kusukela ekushintsheni ekubunjweni kwalabo abahlose ukukugwema.
Phambilini i-PP yophiko lwesokudla bekungenzeka ukuthi iwine uma inyuka izinga lokungavoteli - abavoti bophiko lwesokunxele bebevama ukugodla kanti abalandeli bePP bebehlale beya okhethweni. Ukuwohloka kokusekelwa kwe-PP ngokwengxenye kuchazwa ukwenyuka okuphawulekayo kwezinga lokuzithiba esisekelweni sabo sokusekela. Amaphesenti angama-20 abavoti bePP athi ngeke bavote nhlobo. Kodwa-ke, abavoti abaningi abangazange bavote bathi manje bazovotela amaPodemos. Ngakho-ke, nakuba izinga lokuzithiba selikhule kancane, ukwakheka kwalo kwezombusazwe kushintshile.
Le miphumela yokuvota inemiphumela ebalulekile kumasu alandelwa yiqembu ngalinye, kanye neqhaza elizodlalwa amabhizinisi amakhulu kwezombusazwe zaseSpain, ezinyangeni eziyi-12 kuze kube ukhetho lukazwelonke. I-PP isivele iliphawulile isu layo, okuwukuthola abavoti be-PP okhethweni. UNdunankulu uRajoy usanda kuxolisa ephalamende ngenkohlakalo edla lubi ezikhundleni ze-PP - eminyakeni emibili ngemuva kokugqashuka kwecala lokuqala elibi. Amanye amalungu ahamba phambili e-PP agcine ethathe isinqumo sokugxeka inkohlakalo nokuziqhelelanisa nabathintekayo. I-PP izokwethula umthetho omusha wokulwa nenkohlakalo emasontweni ezayo. Bona, njenge-PSOE ne-IU, bathi inkohlakalo ayitholakali ohlelweni kodwa indaba โyamahhabhula ambalwa abolileโ.
I-prong yesibili ukugqugquzela ukwesaba ama-Podemos phakathi kwabalandeli be-PP, kuqala ngezimangalo ezenziwe kumabonakude kazwelonke yintatheli evelele yephephandaba elingakwesokudla. Umhlaba,ukuthi uma i-Podemos iwina izogcwalisa amajele ngabaphikisayo futhi iqede inkululeko yabezindaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitolo eziningi zemithombo yezindaba zibika njalo uhlelo lokhetho lwe-Podemos njengento engenakwenzeka noma okungenzeka idale isiphithiphithi somnotho.
I-PSOE ikhethe umholi omusha, osemusha ukuze kuthuthukiswe umqondo wokuvuselela kabusha. Kwezinye izindawo iphinde yamukela indlela elinganiselwe yokuvota okuvulelekile kwabangenele ukhetho ngokhetho oluyisisekelo lwase-US phakathi kwamalungu eqembu, njengoba kwenza i-IU, ukuze kuqedwe isithombe samaqembu lapho zonke izinqumo kuthathwa khona phakathi kwabaholi bamaqembu ngaphandle kweminyango evaliwe. noma ematafuleni okudlela.
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, amabhizinisi amakhulu akhathazeka kakhulu. I-Council for Business Competiveness (CBC), indikimba ephakeme emele izinkampani ezinkulu eSpain, ibisebenza ikakhulukazi. Emhlanganweni walo wokugcina, owawusendlunkulu ye-Telefรณnica enkulu yezokuxhumana emasontweni ambalwa edlule, izwakalise ukukhathazeka kwayo ngokukhuphuka kwePodemos futhi yabiza i-PP kanye ne-PSOE ukuba benze umfelandawonye omkhulu ukuze kuvinjwe lowo omusha ekubuseni.
UJosรฉ Manuel Soria, ungqongqoshe wezezimboni, uqinisekise i-CBC ukuthi uma kudingekile i-PP izothola indlela yokufinyelela esivumelwaneni ne-PSOE kodwa i-CBC akufanele izibandakanye okwamanje. Noma yimuphi umoya wesivumelwano phakathi kwe-PP kanye ne-PSOE uzoqhubekela phambili ubukela phansi ivoti labo, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabavoti be-PSOE, futhi uqinise isithombe la casta.
Njengophawu lokwanda kokukhungatheka kwesimo sengqondo sokungenzi lutho esisetshenziswa uhulumeni wakwaRajoy maqondana nomnotho, kuleli sonto i-CBC ikhiphe umbiko othi kungase kudalwe amathuba emisebenzi angu-2.3 million eminyakeni emine futhi yancoma uchungechunge lwezinyathelo okufanele zithathwe. ukufeza lokho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ibhange le-Barclays likhiphe isixwayiso sombiko ngomphumela ophazamisayo we-Podemos kanye nosongo olubangelwa abatshalizimali. Imithombo yezebhizinisi e-US ixwayise abatshalizimali ukuthi bakhathazeke kancane ngokuzimela kweCatalan futhi banake kakhulu ukuphakama kwePodemos.
Imisebenzi engaphambili
Nakuba isakhiwo senhlangano sikaPodemos sesinqunyiwe, futhi maduze kuzovulwa ukhetho lwezikhundla zobuholi bukazwelonke, izinhlaka zendawo nezezifunda azikakabi khona. Kuzohlelwa izinhlaka zomasipala bese kuthi labo abazokhethwa ezikhundleni zobuholi ungakapheli unyaka bese kulandela izinhlaka zezifunda onyakeni omusha. Lokhu kuholele esimweni esixakile seqembu lezepolitiki elithola ukwesekwa okukhulu kohulumeni bezifunda kodwa elingakabi nabo abakhulumeli abasemthethweni.
Endabeni yegatsha lakithi e-Extremadura, azikho izihlalo ezanele zomhlangano weqembu elisebenzayo ehhovisi legatsha, okuholela ekubeni kubizwe amalungu ngamanye "axhase" isihlalo sehhovisi! Cishe kunamalungu angama-300 e-Podemos edolobheni labantu abangu-60,000, okusho ukuthi imihlangano yanyanga zonke yawo wonke amalungu idinga ukuba sesikhungweni sendawo yomphakathi.
E-Extremadura, umongameli we-PP ebusayo u-Josรฉ Antonio Monago usevele esho esidlangalaleni ukuthi ukulungele ukufinyelela isivumelwano ne-Podemos, njengoba enza ne-IU okhethweni lokugcina lwesifunda, naphezu kokuthi i-Podemos Extremadura - okwamanje ivotela i-13.5% futhi ibhekene nezihloko ezithi iyona ezonquma ukuthi ubani ozosungula uhulumeni ngonyaka ozayo - isenaye umholi wesifunda noma izindikimba zobuholi futhi ngeke ibe khona kuze kube nguFebhuwari 2015. Konke okushiwo nguMonago kukhombisile ukulangazelela kwakhe ukubambelela emandleni nokuthi ubengalaleli.
I-Podemos ingamandla anezigidi zabasekeli kanye namalungu abhalisiwe angu-215,000 - ngaphezu kwe-PSOE - nokukhula. Ikhona kuso sonke isifunda saseSpain futhi iyakwazi ukukhiqiza umhlangano wokusungula lapho amashumi ezinkulungwane abamba iqhaza ngokuqondile.
Ingamandla angabheki izivumelwano noma imifelandawonye, โโayifuni ukwenza amadili ngaphandle kweminyango evaliwe futhi iyiqembu elisebenza ngentando yeningi eliningi emlandweni waseSpain.
Inkinga yezomnotho nezepolitiki eSpain ikhiqize indlela entsha yokulwa - uhlobo lokumelana nezimpande ezijulile ezweni lonke kanye nethuba langempela lokuwina amandla. Futhi njengoba nje kuzalwe ezinye izinhlobo zokumelana, noma ngabe izinyunyana zabasebenzi, imibuthano, ukuduba, iziteleka, ukuhlala noma izinhlobo zenhlangano yentando yeningi yezepolitiki, akuyona into esebenza eSpain kuphela. I-Podemos imele ithuluzi elisha, isipiliyoni esisha, enye indlela yekhulu leminyaka elisha lokuqhubeka nomzabalazo osekungamakhulu eminyaka ubudala.
Uma sifuna ukuthola indlela yokubuya emashumini eminyaka okuhlulwa, sidinga ukwazi ukukubona lapho sikubona. Ababusi baseSpain bayakwenza futhi bayesaba: lonke iqembu elibusayo laseYurophu kufanele libe njalo.
[U-Julian Coppens uhlala esifundeni esisentshonalanga yeSpain e-Extremadura. Uyasebenza embuthanweni wakhe wasendaweni we-Podemos.]
amanothi
[i] bheka: http://www.elplural.com/2014/08/03/a-podemos-le-zumban-tambien-desde-izquierda-unida/.
[Ii] http://politica.elpais.com/politica/2014/11/03/actualidad/1415014150_210800.html.
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