Umthombo: The Stansbury Forum
Isikhathi samasonto amane kusukela ngoNovemba 3rd ukhetho lubonise ngaphezu kokuzicabangela okuphelele kukaDonald Trump kanye nokudelela okukhulu iDemocracy. Okuphazamisa kakhulu kube ukuzimisela cishe kwesigamu sabantu baseMelika ukumeseka nokwamukela amanga akhe okuthi ukhetho 'lwebiwe'. Abavoti bakaTrump, manje esibaziyo, bahlanganisa abesifazane abamhlophe nabesilisa; abantu abacebe kakhulu nabasebenzayo nabasezingeni eliphakathi; suburban kanye nezindawo zasemakhaya. Kwabanye balaba bantu, isicelo sikaTrump sisobala, kusukela enteleni ephansi kwabacebile kuya emithethweni encishisiwe yamabhange namabhizinisi kuya ekukhethweni kwamajaji ahambisana nezindinganiso zelungelo lenkolo yobuKristu.
Kodwa kuthiwani ngabantu basemaphandleni? Ngaphandle kwenani elincane uma kuqhathaniswa labalimi abakhulu abahlomule kuxhaso olukhulu lukaTrump (olusungulelwe ukunxephezela ukulahlekelwa kwabo okuqhutshwa uTrump ezimakethe zokuthumela ngaphandle), imiphakathi eminingi yasemakhaya ibone kuzuza okuncane kule minyaka emine edlule. Imboni yamalahle iqhubekile nokuwohloka kwayo, imisebenzi emisha ekukhiqizeni iye yaqedwa kakhulu ngokuvalwa kwefekthri, futhi izinkinga ezihlala isikhathi eside zezikole ezingaxhaswa ngemali, ingqalasizinda ewohlokayo kanye nokulutha kwe-opioid kuye kwanikezwa ukunakwa okwesikhashana. Pho kungani usekelo lukaTrump luqine kangaka emaphandleni?
Nakhu engikucabangayo: Abantu abaningi bayamthanda uTrump ngenxa yokuthi ubani nokuthi uzondani. Abezindaba. Izifundiswa nochwepheshe. 'Ukuvumelana kwenkululeko' kanye nolimi lokufakwa. Ukusungulwa kweWashington kanye nabangaphakathi bayo. Nawo wonke ama-liberals angama-snooty abamukela lezi zinto. Laba bantu, lezi zinkambiso kanye nezikhungo, ngokubona kwabantu abaningi basemakhaya, sebebachithile amashumi eminyaka. Ukubona izinhlelo zezinkolelo nezindlela zokuphila kuhlekwa usulu isikhathi eside, nemibono emisha nabanye abantu bamukelwa yiqembu elifanayo elikhululekile, abaningi baye bazizwa sengathi abafokazi ezweni lakubo, njengoba u-Arlie Hochschild echaza encwadini yakhe enegama elifanayo. Lo mqondo ojulile wokuhlukaniswa wakha Imbangela yethu yesine eyisisekelo yezindawo zasemadolobheni nasemaphandleni hlukana.
Angiphikisani lapha ukuthi ifulegi lenhlangano limayelana โnefa, hhayi inzondoโ njengoba kumenyezelwa ezinye izitikha endaweni yangakithi. Futhi angiphikisi ukuthi ukunganakwa kwezidingo zasemakhaya kanye nemiphakathi kukhulu ngandlela thize kunalokho abantu abaningi ababebukelwa phansi ngokomlando ababebhekana nakho kuwo wonke umlando wethu. Kunalokho, njengoba uNkz Hochschild ekhombisa ngobufakazi babantu basemakhaya baseLouisiana, obabo waphila umlando ingenye yokuncipha kwemali engenayo nengcebo, izinkinga zezempilo nezenhlalo ezikhulayo, kanye nokumasha okuqhubekayo kwamasiko abanzi, abusayo kude neziningi zezinkolelo nezimiso zawo ezibalulekile. Ingabe usizi lwabo luqhathaniswa nolwabantu bomdabu baseMelika, noma abantu base-Afrika baseMelika abaye baphila ngokugqilazwa, uJim Crow, izinqubomgomo zikahulumeni zokungakhishwa ngamabomu, nokuboshwa kwabantu abaningi? Akunjalo neze. Ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, iningi labantu abamhlophe baye bathola ilungelo ngokuqhathaniswa. Kodwa umlando wokuphila kwabo, ikakhulukazi, uphambene kakhulu: ingcebo ewohlokayo, isiqu kanye nelungelo. Abantu basemakhaya abakaze babe phambili kuleli zwe, kodwa manje njengoba sebezibona behlehla kakhulu emgqeni (echaza uNksz Hochshild), bacasukile.
Umqondo obanzi wokuhlukaniswa ne-mainstream uthuthukiswe amashifu amabili phakathi kwamaDemocrats kanye nama-liberals ngokubanzi: Ukwamukeleka kwabacebile abacebile kanye nezinto eziza kuqala kubo namasiko; kanye nokukhula okuqhubekayo kokudelela labo abangaphandle kwe-elite liberal coumqondo. Lokhu kuguquguquka okukhulu phakathi kwabaholi benkululeko, osolwazi, abezindaba kanye nezinhlangano kuye kwabhebhethekisa futhi kwathethelela umuzwa ojulile wokuhlukaniswa kanye nentukuthelo ethi โthina ngokumelene naboโ eseyidalile. Lokhu okwethu yesihlanu imbangela eyisisekelo.
Iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi, uThomas Frank ubelokhu ebhala lolu shintsho esikweni nasezintweni ezibalulekile zamaDemocrats. Ku Lalela Liberal, uchaza ngemashi ende engaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi eye yaguqula amaDemocrats kusukela eqenjini lesigaba sabasebenzi (ikakhulukazi) kuya eqenjini lesigaba sochwepheshe. Ekuhlaziyeni kukaFrank, ama-liberals kanye nama-Dems kaningi baye banciphisa ukulimala okubanjiswayo komnotho womhlaba ogxile ekukhuleni kwezinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe, esikhundleni salokho bamukele izihlabani zezemfundo nezobuchwepheshe ezilungisile noma ezicetshiswe yilolu shintsho. UMichael Lind iqhubekela phambili, iveza isigaba sochwepheshe โnjengesigaba esingaphezu kwamandla okuphathaโ sezikhulu, izifundiswa kanye nochwepheshe abahlukahlukene umsebenzi wabo kuwukwenza nokuphoqelela imithetho okufanele siphile ngayo sonke.
Kubantu abakhululekile abangakwazi ukuqonda ukuthi kungani abantu abaningi basemaphandleni bechitha izexwayiso zochwepheshe - kungaba ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu noma ubhubhane - ingxenye yempendulo ukuthi ababathembi labo abababona njengabakhulumeli benkululeko. Futhi ukungabaza kwabo akulona iqiniso ngaso sonke isikhathi. Akumele sibheke kude kunezithembiso zikaBill Clinton nosomnotho bakhe abaphezulu zokuthi i-NAFTA izodala amathuba emisebenzi ayisigidi eminyakeni emihlanu. Ochwepheshe abalungile ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Ingxenye efanayo yalolu shintsho kube ukwanda okukhulu kwalokho umbhali nesishoshovu, u-Erica Etelson akubiza ngokuthi ulimi lokudelela. Encwadini yakhe, Ngale Kwendelelo, uqala ngokuqaphela ukuthi ukuxhumana kwakhe kwakuvame ukudelelwa abavoti bakaTrump nabanye abangazange bakuthole. Unikeza izibonelo eziningi zolimi oludelelayo, oludelelayo oluvela kuma-liberals, kuyilapho ecaphuna abalinganisi abancike kwesokudla ukuze abonise ukuthi lolu limi lwakha kanjani isiprofetho esizigcwalisayo. Nansi ingxenye yamazwi anjalo acashunwe ensizwa emhlophe: โNgisezingeni eliphansi kakhulu. Angikaze ngibe nemoto entsha futhi ngizilungisela ikhaya lami ngokusemandleni ami ukuze ngilondoloze imali. Ngisika utshani bami, ngiwasha izitsha zami, ngithenga izingubo zami e-Walmart. Angazi ukuthi ngiyoke ngikwazi kanjani ukuthatha umhlalaphansi. Kodwa-ke, mfowethu, ukuzwa abezindaba bekusho, ngicwila emandleni nelungelo engingalitholile.โ Ekhuluma ngokudonswa kwezindaba ezikhuluma ngasohlangothini lwesokudla, uthi, โKuyangixaka ukuthi abantu abaningi abangakwesokunxele abakuqondi lokhu, ababoni ukuthi bamane bondle, bondle, bondle ukukhula kwalezi zintoโฆโ .
Isici sesithupha nesokugcina esidala ukwehlukana kwezindawo zasemadolobheni nesezindaweni zasemakhaya yipolitiki yokukhula okuye kwanda kakhulu kuDemocratic Party kule minyaka engamashumi amane edlule. Lokhu kuyimpikiswano eshisayo ngaphakathi kweDemocratic Party futhi nginesiqiniseko sokuthi abaningi abakhululekile ngeke bavumelane nami kulokhu. Nokho akungabazeki ukuthi i-Centrist, 'amaDemocrats amasha' amukele i-Wall Street, izinqubomgomo zohwebo eziqhutshwa abatshalizimali, abahlonishwayo baseSilicon Valley kanye nohlobo lokunquma kwezobuchwepheshe okukodwa okungasebenziseki kangako kubalimi, amabhizinisi omama nama-pop kanye nezindawo zasemakhaya. Uma kubhekwa leli gagasi 'lenqubekelaphambili', iqembu linikeze izixazululo ezimbili ezigidini ezishiywe ngaphandle noma ezisusiwe: Hlangana nohlelo, ngokuthuthela ezindaweni zasemadolobheni zokusungula izinto ezintsha noma ngokuzithuthukela ku-21st amakhono ekhulunyaka; noma usineke futhi ubekezele, ngoba, okungenani, asizami ukunqamula izitembu zakho zokudla noma ukwenza kube yimfihlo Ukuvikeleka kwakho Komphakathi.
I-Incrementalism icabanga ukuthi uhlelo lusebenza ngokuyisisekelo, ukuthi ludinga nje ukulungiswa okumbalwa ukuze kufakwe abantu abaningi kuphaya walo okhula njalo wokuchuma. Ephathini eyandayo ezinkanyezini zemfundo nezobuchwepheshe, lokhu kunengqondo. Kulesi sixuku sabantu abaningi basemadolobheni, ngokuvamile abadla izambane likapondo, โizinzuzo zokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke ziningi, futhi okubi akubonakali,โ ukucaphuna. Etelson. I-Ditto that for the political of incrementalism. Kungakho, embuzweni ovame ukubuzwa ovela kuma-liberal, โKungani labo bantu bevotela okungahambisani nezithakazelo zabo?โ, manje ngiyaphendula, โUbani ngempela abangamvotela labo abanezimfuno zabo ngempela?โ.
Lezi-ke ziyizimbangela zethu eziyisithupha eziyimbangela yokuhlukana kwedolobha nasemaphandleni:
- Umnotho ohluleke u-80% wabantu baseMelika kanye nemiphakathi eminingi yasemakhaya
- Inzondo yabaphezulu kanye nokucasukela abaphethe
- Ukungamethembi okujulile uhulumeni, ngokuvamile, kanye nemithethonqubo ikakhulukazi
- Umuzwa wokuhlukaniswa phakathi kwabantu basemaphandleni, wokuba izihambi ezweni lakubo
- Ukuzondwa kwama-liberals namaDemocrats, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokugudluka ezintweni ezibalulekile kubantu abasebenzayo futhi ngokwengxenye ngenxa yolimi lwendelelo oseluvamile manje.
- Ukwamukeleka kwamaDemocrats kwezepolitiki ezigxile kakhulu kanye nezinqubomgomo zokukhula ezenza okuncane ukubhekana nokwehluleka okujulile kwezomnotho nezepolitiki okusifikise lapha.
Uma lokhu kuyincazelo enhle ngendlela esifike ngayo ekwehlukaneni okunamandla kangaka, yini esingayenza ukuze sikunqobe? Noma kuze kube manje, yini esingayenza, ama-liberals noma amaDemocrats ukuze siguqule indlela futhi siqale ukubuyisela abantu abasebenzayo kanye nemiphakathi yasemaphandleni? Yiyo kanye le nselelo esibhekene nayo ezithangamini zokucobelelana ngolwazi nasezinkundleni zokuxhumana esizenzayo nenqwaba yamaqembu akhululekile nathuthukayo ezweni lonke. Okuqukethwe kwakhela phezu kwababhali abacashunwe kulolu chungechunge, abanye babo abahlanganyele nami kulo mzamo. Ngezinjongo zethu lapha, ngizokwabelana ngeziqalo zesu elinezinhlangothi ezintathu esilincomayo ukuze sishintshe isifundo:
Cabanga ngendlela ehlukile
Yenza Ngokuhlukile
Khulumani ngendlela ehlukile
Ukucabanga okuhlukile kuqala ngokuphuma ngaphandle kwamagumbi ethu e-echo futhi siphonse inselele ngamabomu ukuqagela esikulethayo neziphetho esizitholile. Lokho kungenzeka, futhi kufanele kwenzeke ezingxoxweni nomakhelwane, osebenza nabo noma amalungu omndeni. Kodwa cishe ngeke kwenzeke ngokulandela okuphakelayo kwethu ku-Facebook, noma ochwepheshe be-Daily Kos, i-MSNBC, i-New York Times, noma i-Washington Post. Ngisho ne-NPR ayivamisile ukuhlola lolu daba ngokujulile. Indawo eyodwa ongaqala ngayo ngama-athikili nezincwadi ezicashunwe kulolu chungechunge, noma ngokuxhumanisa kunoma yiziphi izindatshana ezimbalwa Incwadi Yomhlahlandlela Yokuhlukaniswa Kwezindawo Zase-Urban-RuralSengibuthile. Lokhu kuwukunwaya nje phezulu, kodwa yindawo enhle yokuqala ukucabangela kabusha izinkolelo osekunesikhathi eside ubanjwe futhi uthole uzwela kancane.
Ukwenza ngokuhlukile kungaba ngezindlela eziningi, kodwa kulo mongo ngiphakamisa okuthile okuqondile: Joyina noma uqalise amaphrojekthi okuthuthukisa umphakathi wendawo, futhi ukwenze. as inhlangano ekhululekile noma eqhubekayo oyingxenye yayo. Zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezimangalisayo zenzeka ukuvuselela umnotho wendawo, ukwakha izinhlelo zokudla okunempilo, ukuguqukela kumandla ahlanzekile. Kuningi okwenzekayo - noma kungenzeka - emphakathini wangakini. Kwakuzokwenzekani uma owasekhaya Ukuvukelwa Kwethu isahluko esihlanganiswe namabhange omphakathi kanye namabhizinisi azimele emkhankasweni wokuthenga wendawo osekela izinkampani ezikhulele emakhaya? Kuthiwani uma i-Democratic Committee yesifunda isize ukwethula uhlelo โlwepulaziโ, lapho kubhalwa khona imiyalelo yomkhiqizo wasendaweni omusha, okusiza abantu ukuthi badle kangcono kuyilapho kwandiswa izimakethe zabalimi? Noma inhlangano yokuthula nobulungiswa isebenze nosonkontileka bendawo ukwenza ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle kwamandla kufinyeleleke emindenini esebenzayo nemindeni ehola kancane? Okungenani, izinto ezibalulekile zizokwenziwa emphakathini wakho. Uma sekwanele ngathi ukuthatha le ndlela, singase siqale ukushintsha isithombe sabantu abakhululekile phakathi kwabantu basemakhaya. Kucabange njengesu lokufinyelela elinezinzuzo ezibonakalayo zesikhashana.
Ukukhuluma okuhlukile iqala ngomthetho olula kodwa oyinselele: Khuluma kancane. Kancane kancane. Thina maliberals nabathuthukayo siyiqembu lamagama. Sibeka isimo; siphinda ukugcizelela kwethu; sithanda i-nuance kanye yinkimbinkimbi futhi sigwema izitatimende ezilula, eziqondile. Isifiso sethu sokubandakanya wonke umuntu kanye nokwamukela kwethu amagama ezemfundo kanye nobuchwepheshe kuvame ukudlala njengezimemezelo ezingacacile, ezingazibophezeli. Sikhuluma โngezifo ezihambisanayoโ kanye โnomphakathi wabasebenzi bezempiloโ kunokuba sithi โizinkinga zempiloโ kanye โnodokotela nabahlengikaziโ. Ngiyakuthola; sifuna ukunemba ekumeleleni kwethu iqiniso. Kodwa ngiyakuqinisekisa kusukela eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-40 emiphakathini yasemaphandleni, akusebenzi. Abantu bayacula uma siqhubeka nokuqhubeka; futhi uma sivumela ukudelela okuncane kungene erudition yethu, umnyango uvaleka. Mhlawumbe sekuyisikhathi sokuqala ukukhuluma njengomakhelwane kunokuba ummeli.
Azikho izimpendulo ezilula zokuthi sifike kanjani kule ndawo enoqhekeko olujulile nobutha. Awekho amasu alula noma ahlulekayo okuqinisekisa ukuthi siphuma kanjani. Kodwa ngokuqinisekile singavumelana kulokhu: Lokhu ebesikwenza ngokusobala bekungaphumeleli, futhi cishe ngokuqinisekile bekulokhu kwenza izinto zibe zimbi nakakhulu. Uma sivuma lokhu, bese siqala ukuzama izindlela ezintsha zokucabanga, zokwenza kanye zokuxhumana, mhlawumbe ekugcineni sizoqala ukuhlehlisa futhi sihlehlise ukuhlukana kwedolobha nasemaphandleni.
U-Anthony Flaccavento ungumlimi, umbhali futhi ongumeluleki wezomnotho osuka e-Abingdon, eVirginia, kanye noKhandidethi Wedemokhrasi weCongress izikhathi ezimbili esifundeni sesi-9 saseVirginia.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
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