U-Ramon Torres, uMongameli we-Familias Unidas por la Justicia, uthena izihlahla zama-blueberry emhlabeni womfelandawonye omusha wenyunyana, i-Tierra y Libertad.
Ngo-2013, eSifundazweni saseWashington, i-Familia Unidas por la Justicia yazalwa lapho abavuni bomdabu baseMexico abavela kwamanye amazwe benqaba ukuya emasimini aseSakuma Brothers Farms ngemva kokuba omunye wabo exoshiwe ngenxa yokucela ukunyuselwa amaholo. Abasebenzi babe sebehlela ukuthi kumiswe ukusebenza iminyaka emine elandelayo ukuze bakhuphule amaholo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, bahlela amakomiti okuduba emadolobheni asoGwini lwasePacific ukuze bacindezele ikhasimende elikhulu likaSakuma, umsabalalisi wamajikijolo omkhulu iDriscoll's Inc. Ngo-2017, abanikazi bepulazi bavuma ukuba kube nokhetho, futhi inyunyana yawina. IFamilia Unidas yabe isixoxisana ngenkontileka yeminyaka emibili neSakuma Brothers Farms.
โSiyazi ukuthi le nkontileka izoshintsha izimpilo zethu,โ kusho uRamon Torres, umongameli weFUJ. โBesilokhu singabantu abangabonakali kodwa manje izingane zethu zizothola ithuba lokuqhubeka nokufunda. Akukhona ukuthi sifuna ukubakhipha emasimini kodwa sifuna bathole ithuba lokunquma ukuthi bayakufuna. Amalungu ethu ayaqonda ukuthi asibona nje abasebenzi basemapulazini. Siyingxenye yomphakathi.โ
Selokhu kwasayinwa inkontileka, kuye kwamiswa umsebenzi emapulazini amaningi aseduze. Iningi lalabo basebenzi bangabafuduki bakwaMixtec nabakwaTriqui abavela e-Oaxaca naseGuerrero eningizimu yeMexico, manje asebehlala unomphela emaphandleni aseWashington. I-Familia Unidas ikwazile ukusiza abasebenzi kulezi ziteleka ezizenzekelayo. Izinga lokukha amajikijolo eSakuma Brothers Farms linyuke kakhulu, njengoba abanye abasebenzi behola imali efinyelela ku-$30 ngehora. Manje abasebenzi basemapulazini kwamanye amapulazi sebethathe isinyathelo sokuzikhulisela amaholo.
โAmaholo kwamanye amapulazi aphansi kakhulu,โ kuchaza uTorres. โNgakho umbono wethu uwukusiza ukwakha izinyunyana ezizimele futhi sixoxisane ngezinkontileka nakhona. Konke kuholwa ngabasebenzi. Inhloso wukukhulisa inyunyana, ukuze sonke sibe namaholo afanelekile.โ
Ngemva kokuwina inkontileka yayo, amalungu eFUJ ahlele i-Co-operativa Tierra y Libertad. U-Rosalinda Guillen, umqondisi we-Community2Community Development e-Bellingham, usize abasebenzi ukuba bakhe kokubili inyunyana kanye ne-co-op. โNamuhla ukukhiqizwa kokudla kuncike ekutheni ingakanani inzuzo engenziwa umlimi noma inkampani,โ usho kanje. โAbasebenzi basemapulazini bayizindleko. Abalimi abasifaki imali ngoba abakholwa ukuthi sibafanele.โ
Abasebenzi basemapulazini nabasekeli babo bamasha bebhikishela ukushona kuka-Honesto Silva, ngosuku lokukhumbula ukufa kwakhe ngonyaka owedlule. U-Hosesto Silva wayeyisivakashi esiqashelwe ukusebenza eSarbanand Farms. Abanye abasebenzi basemapulazini bamsola ngokuthi ushone ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile nengcindezi yenkampani yokuthi aqhubeke nokusebenza.
Kodwa ukholelwa ukuthi isiko labasebenzi basemapulazini bomdabu liwumthombo wokuthuthukisa ezolimo ezisimeme. โAbafuduki abaningi abeza e-US babengabalimi baseMexico naseMelika Ephakathi. Ngenxa yezivumelwano zokuhweba ezifana ne-NAFTA, baxoshwa futhi bathuthela enyakatho. Abaningi basemakharaveni, futhi manje basezikhungweni zokuboshwa e-US Kodwa bayakwazi ukulima ukudla ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali, ukonga amanzi, indlela yokunakekela izwe. Kufanele sibahlele laba balimi futhi sibabone njengensiza, ngoba uhlelo lokudla kwezinkampani lufaka ushevu emhlabeni namanzi. Abasebenzi basemapulazini bahlushwa ukugula ngenxa yezibulala-zinambuzane, nemizimba ephukile ngenxa yengcindezi yokusebenza ngokushesha, ezimeni ezimbi. Isilinganiso sokuphila komsebenzi wasepulazini siyiminyaka engama-49. Eminyakeni eyishumi nane edlule yayineminyaka engu-47.โ
Emehlweni kaTorres nabasebenzi, umfelandawonye ungenye indlela yabasebenzi esikhundleni sokuxhashazwa amaholo abaye bahlupheka kusukela befika e-US Le co-op isebenzisa isiko lokusizana eliyingxenye yesiko lendabuko abasebenzi ngokwabo. โKu-co-op sifundisa abasebenzi,โ usho kanje. โSifuna ukuba yisibonelo. Asibadingi abaphathi noma abaphathi. Asibadingi abanikazi. Singaba abanikazi โ sidinga umhlaba kuphela.โ
I-Tierra y Libertad isanda kusayina isivumelwano sokuthenga amahektha angama-65 e-Everson, ngaphezu kwamahektare amabili isivele ilima eduze kwaseSumas. Amahektha angamashumi amabili atshalwe kuma-raspberries abomvu, ayisikhombisa kuma-blueberries namane kuma-strawberry. Ngaphandle kwedlanzana lamalungu angabasunguli, kuneminye imindeni emihlanu eqeqeshwayo emisebenzini yale co-op. Ngonyaka odlule ithengise amajikijolo ezindaweni zokudla zomphakathi, izitolo e-Kamano Island, ama-fruterias wendawo, ngisho naphambi kwamasonto ngemva kwezinkonzo. Lapho ukuvuna kuqala intwasahlobo ezayo inethemba lokuthi izokwanda nakwezinye izindawo.
โSifuna uhlelo esingaphila kulo futhi sithenge endaweni,โ kusho uTorres, โlapho izinzuzo zethu zihlala khona lapha esifundeni. Khona manjalo sizoqhudelana nezinkampani ebezisenza imali ngathi.โ
Okuyisisekelo embonweni we-FUJ kanye ne-co-op umbono wokuthi umsebenzi wasepulazini unamakhono, futhi kufanele unikeze impilo ehloniphekile nenhlonipho kulabo abawenzayo. Esinye sezithiyo ezinkulu, nokho, ukukhula kohlelo lwe-visa lwe-H-2A, oluphatha abasebenzi basemapulazini bokufika njengomsebenzi wesikhashana, abanenkontileka yokuvuna bese lubuyiselwa eMexico uma seluphelile.
Abasebenzi basemapulazini kanye nabalandeli babo bamashele ehhovisi leSakuma Farms, umlimi omkhulu wamaberry lapho bateleka khona ngo-2013. Bafuna inkampani ithole inkontileka nenyunyana yabo, iFamilia Unidas por la Justicia.
Izinkampani ezisebenzisa uhlelo lwe-H-2A kufanele zifake isicelo eMnyangweni Wezabasebenzi wase-US, zibhale izimo zokusebenza nezimo zokuphila kanye namaholo azotholwa ngabasebenzi. Inkampani kumele ihlinzeke ngezokuthutha kanye nezindlu. Abasebenzi banikezwa izinkontileka isikhathi esingaphansi konyaka owodwa, futhi kufanele balishiye izwe uma umsebenzi wabo usuphelile. Bangasebenza kuphela enkampanini ebanikeze inkontileka, futhi uma belahlekelwa yilowo msebenzi kufanele bahambe ngokushesha.
Ngo-2017 abalimi baseWashington banikezwa ama-visa e-H-2A kubasebenzi abayi-18,796, ababalelwa ku-12,000 kubo abaqashwe yiWashington Farm Labor Association (WAFLA). Ngonyaka odlule cishe abasebenzi abangu-200,000 be-H-2A balethwa e-US futhi kulo nyaka inani lizodlula ku-240,000. โOhlelweni lonxiwankulu siyalahleka futhi sishintsheka kalula,โ kusho uGuillen. โUhlelo lwabasebenzi abayizivakashi luyisibonelo esihle. Uletha abantu futhi ubakhiphe futhi wenze imali ngabo. Sekuyisikhathi sokuqeda lokho. Singabantu futhi siyingxenye yomphakathi.โ
Ehlobo lika-2017 abasebenzi abangamashumi ayisikhombisa bakwa-H-2A benqaba ukusebenza eSarbanand Farms eSumas, ngemuva kokuba omunye wabasebenzi abakanye naye equleke ensimini, futhi kamuva washona. Abatelekile babe sebexoshwa ngoba abasebenzi abanala ma-visa abanalo ilungelo lokuteleka. โUmthelela walolu hlelo ekhonweni labasebenzi basemapulazini lokuhlela mubi,โ kusho uGuillen. Abasebenzi baphinde babhekana nokushintshwa kwaSakuma Brothers Farms, ngaphambi kokuthi kuxoxiswane ngenkontileka yenyunyana.
Ukugeleza kwabasebenzi akuyona ukuphela kwenkinga enqamula imingcele ebhekene nabasebenzi basemapulazini baseWashington. Muva nje abaholi ababili benyunyana entsha ezimele yabasebenzi bezolimo e-Baja California's San Quintin Valley bavakashele iFUJ kanye ne-co-op entsha. โIzisebenzi zaseMexico nase-United States zisebenzela izinkampani ezifanayo, njengekaDriscoll. kusho u-Lorenzo Rodriguez, unobhala jikelele we-National Independent Democratic Union of Farm Workers (SINDJA ngombhalo wayo wokuqala wesi-Spanish). โKubalulekile ukwakha ubudlelwano nabasebenzi bamazwe ahlukene. Yileyo ndlela kuphela esingabhekana ngayo nezinkampani. Zonke zihlangene. Kufanele nathi sibambisane.โ
Uyanezela u-Abelina Ramirez, unobhala we-SINDJA wokulingana ngokobulili, โkungakhathaleki ukuthi sihlala kuliphi izwe sinamalungelo ayisisekelo emfundo, okunakekelwa kwezempilo, enhlalakahleni yezingane zethu. Uma sibumbana futhi sihlela, singawazuza la malungelo.โ
U-Modesto Hernandez, oyilungu le-Familias Unidas por la Justicia, uthena izihlahla ze-blueberry emhlabeni womfelandawonye omusha wenyunyana, i-Tierra y Libertad.
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