Umkhankaso Wokuthula Nentando Yeningi umi ebunyeni nenguquko yaseLibya. Ngisho nombuso wamaQaddafi ononya, owawugcwele ingcebo kawoyela, uvikelwa izinkulungwane zamasosha, futhi ubusa phezu komphakathi ongenalutho, awukwazanga ukuvimba inselelo evela ngaphansi. Njengoba kwenzeka kuzo zonke izibhelu zaseNyakatho ne-Afrika naseMpumalanga Ephakathi, ukuvukela kweLibya akugcini nje ngesithembiso sentando yeningi kodwa futhi, kanye nenkululeko yezombangazwe, ukuvela kwenhlangano entsha yesokunxele kanye nezabasebenzi enganikeza enye indlela yanamuhla. uhlelo lomhlaba olunodlame, oluxhaphazayo nokungalingani.
Ekuqaleni, abaseLibya babhikisha ngokuthula bephikisana nombuso wamaQaddafi. Kwathi lapho bebhekene nokuhlasela okunonya, bazivikela ngezabo izingalo, besizwa inqwaba yabahlubuki bebutho laseLibya. Ngenkathi amabutho e-Qaddafi efika emaphethelweni e-Benghazi, i-US yanquma ukweseka izingcingo ezivela kumavukela-mbuso - namaBritish kanye namaFulentshi - zone indawo ezindizayo. Ngaleso sikhathi, isicelo soMkhandlu Kazwelonke Wenguquko waseLibya sasiwukungenelela okulinganiselwe, okungabandakanyi amabutho asemhlabeni futhi okuhloswe ngawo kuphela ukuqeda amandla ebutho lezindiza likaQaddafi. Njengoba abaseLibya babekholelwa ukuthi babhekene nosongo lwesibhicongo esiseduze, isicelo sabo sasiqondakala ngokuphelele. Ngokunjalo, kuyaqondakala ukuthi abalandeli benguquko yaseLibya emhlabeni wonke abanenqubekela phambili, abavamise ukungahambisani nokungenelela, bafuna indawo okungeyona impukane, ikakhulukazi ngoba abaseLibya ngokwabo babeyicelile.
Nakuba sihlonipha umfutho walesi sikhundla, nokho, asikusekeli ukusebenza kwezindiza zase-US kanye ne-European air and Navy e-Libya. Isinqumo se-UN Security Council 1973 sahlinzekela indawo okungeyona impukane, kodwa ukungenelela kwezempi kwe-US kanye neYurophu kwakungaphezu kwalokho kusukela ekuqaleni, njengoba kwakubikezelwe ngenxa yomlando wabo, ubuhlobo babo neNyakatho Afrika kanye neMpumalanga Ephakathi, kanye nezifiso zombuso. . Lolu hlelo, oselungaphansi komyalo we-NATO, ngokushesha lwaba umkhankaso wokuxosha u-Qaddafi egameni lezithakazelo zasentshonalanga.
Ukuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu e-NATO manje sekubikezelwe ukuthi kuzoqhubeka okungenani izinyanga ezintathu ezengeziwe, futhi ukuhlasela nokuhlasela kungenzeka uma isimo singaxazululwa ngendlela egculisayo amandla asentshonalanga. Ama-ejenti asebenza ngokuyimfihlo ase-US naseBrithani abesempumalanga yeLibya amasonto amaningi, futhi abonakala ethatha indima ekhulayo ekuqeqesheni impi, eqondisa iziteleka zasemoyeni ze-NATO, futhi mhlawumbe neziqondiso zezepolitiki zoMkhandlu Kazwelonke. Ukungenelela kungenzeka kuvimbe isibhicongo eBenghazi, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kufake amandla e-NATO eLibya, enhliziyweni yesifunda esinezinxushunxushu zentando yeningi, futhi kwabeka engcupheni ukuzimela kwezombusazwe kwenguquko yaseLibya.
Isiteleka sokuhlinzwa, esilinganiselwe ekuvikeleni izakhamuzi e-Benghazi, akuzange kube yinto engenzeka ngempela; i-US ne-Europe azitholakali ngokungenelela okukodwa kosizo endaweni enkulu ekhiqiza uwoyela. Uguquko lwaseLibya kumele luhlale ezandleni zaseLibya; ukungenelela kwamasosha asentshonalanga kuphambana ngqo naleyo nhloso futhi kuvula indlela yokubusa kwasentshonalanga kwayo yonke noma ingxenye yeLibya.
Eqinisweni, ukuhlasela kwe-NATO eLibya kungase kugcine kuqinise isandla sikaQaddafi nabanye ondlovukayiphikiswa bezifunda ngokubavumela ukuba bazenze abavikeli ukuzimela kwezwe, ikakhulukazi uma ukuhlasela kwezindiza kugcina kukhubaze futhi kwabulala inqwaba yabantu, njengoba kwenzekile. e-Iraq, Afghanistan nasePakistan.
Ebudlelwaneni bakhe nentshonalanga, u-Qaddafi waphuma e-pariah waya kubalingani, kodwa iLibya ngaphansi kombuso wakhe ayizange ibe umlingani othembekile, njengeSaudi Arabia noma i-Egypt kaMubarak. Abukho ubufakazi bokuthi iMelika noma amazwe ase-Europe ahlela ukuketula uQaddafi noma ayekulindele ngaphambi kukaFebhuwari 2011. Kodwa kwathi uma kuqubuka uguquko lwaseLibya, ngemuva kokungabaza amasonto ambalwa, banquma ukungenelela, kubikwa ukuthi basebenza kanzima ngemuva kwezigcawu. ukuthola ukwesekwa kwe-Arab League ukuze kugunyazwe ukungenelela kwabo - ukwesekwa okwacishe kwahwamuka ngokushesha lapho i-Operation Odyssey Dawn isiqalile. Amazwe asentshonalanga kungenzeka ukuthi azimisele ukubhekana no-Qaddafi ophethe unomphela, njengoba wayenikeze ithuba eliningi lokuthola uwoyela waseLibya, wabambisana ohlelweni lokuhumusha olungcolile, futhi wasiza ekuvimbeleni ababaleki base-Afrika ukuthi bafike eYurophu. Kodwa-ke, lapho isimo sesintengantenga, bafuna ukulawula okuthembekile eLibya nezinsiza zayo. Njengoba iFrance neBrithani becindezela kakhulu indawo okungeyona impukane, i-United States kungenzeka ibe nomuzwa wokuthi kwakungenakwenzeka ngokwepolitiki ukuhlala eceleni, kokubili ngenxa yokuthi iWashington yayingafuni ukuba isikhundla sayo sobuholi ku-NATO siyekethiswe ngokuyihlalisa ngaphandle futhi. ngoba ibifuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-US izoba sesimweni sokuthola izinzuzo ezinkulu kakhulu ngemuva kwengxabano.
I-United States ne-Europe zombili zifuna ukuvimbela ukungena kuhulumeni osebenzisa imali kawoyela waseLibya ukwanelisa izidingo ezithandwayo zasekhaya, hhayi ukuzicebisa yena kanye nezinkampani zasentshonalanga. Ukungenelela kwaba yithuba lokuzama ukuthola ithonya elanele phezu koguquko ukuze luyiqondise endleleni evumelana nezithakazelo zasentshonalanga. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba amazwe asentshonalanga abhekane nobunzima obukhulu ngokuxoshwa kondlovukayiphikiswa eTunisia nase-Egypt, okubangele ukuthi amandla abo eNyakatho Afrika naseMpumalanga Ephakathi anyakaze kakhulu kunakuqala. Kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi e-United States, ephinde yahlanganisa umzamo wayo wokusungula izifundazwe ezizinzile, ezisebenzisanayo zamakhasimende e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan, futhi okungenzeka ukuthi ukwethembeka kwayo kuzohlupheka kakhulu njengoba iTunisia esanda kwenziwa intando yeningi ne-Egypt, ngaphansi kwengcindezi yombono womphakathi, iphinde ibuyekeze imibono yabo. ubudlelwano neklayenti lesifunda eliphambili laseWashington, i-Israel.
Ukungenelela kwe-US kanye ne-Europe kuyingxenye yokuvukela umbuso okuvelayo okusongela ukufiphaza, noma ukuhlehlisa isithembiso sentando yeningi se-Arab Spring. Ama-Despots e-Bahrain, e-Saudi Arabia, e-Yemen, e-Oman nase-Syria abelokhu ehlasela kakhulu izihlubuki ezidumile, futhi e-Egypt amasosha azama ukuvikela amandla awo futhi anqande izinguquko ezinkulu, okungenzeka ngokubambisana ne-Muslim Brotherhood. Umbutho wezempi waseGibhithe kuze kube manje unqabile ukuqeda isimo esiphuthumayo futhi uzame, ngenhlanhla ngaphandle kwempumelelo enkulu, ukuvimbela iziteleka kanye nemibhikisho. Ngaphandle endabeni yaseSyria, konke lokhu cishe kwenzeke ngokugunyazwa okungasho lutho, futhi mhlawumbe ukuhlangana okuqondile kweWashington ngisho nokucindezelwa eSyria kuye kwavusa imibhikisho ebuthakathaka kuphela yezikhulu zase-US. E-Yemen, iWashington kubikwa ukuthi iyasuka ekusekeleni uMongameli u-Ali Abdullah Saleh ngehora leshumi nanye, njengoba umbuso wakhe ubonakala ungenakunyakaziswa, futhi uvuna ukudluliselwa kwamandla kuhulumeni wesikhashana oholwa iphini likamongameli we-Salehs, i-US ethemba ukuthi landela ezinyathelweni ezithobelayo zikahulumeni wamanje wase-Yemeni. Abaholi bezombangazwe e-United States, kanye nezinkampani, ezempi nezombusazwe abaphakeme ababakhonzayo, banentshisekelo ejulile futhi eqinile yokuqukatha amavukelambuso manje ashanela umhlaba wama-Arab. Ukuboleka ukwesekwa ekuhlaseleni kwabo kuhlomile kuzokwenza kube lula impumelelo yabo kulo mzamo wokuphendula.
UMkhandlu Kazwelonke waseLibya ekuqaleni wawungafuni nje kuphela indawo okungeyona impukane, kodwa futhi amazwe asentshonalanga ukuthi anikeze impahla kaQaddafi eqandisiwe ukuze akwazi ukuthenga izikhali. Kuyadalula ukuthi i-US ne-Europe kuze kube manje abakaze banikeze izikhali ngokuqondile noma banikeze ithuba lokuthi amavukelambuso athole izikhali azidinga kakhulu. Vele, ukuthumela izikhali eMkhandlwini Kazwelonke waseLibya nakho kungaba yindlela yokuthola amandla ezepolitiki emazweni asentshonalanga, kodwa lokho kungancishiswa amavukelambuso athola izikhali emithonjeni eyahlukene. Kunoma ikuphi, uMkhandlu awukho ngaphansi kolawulo lwasentshonalanga okwamanje; kusabonakala kuncike esilinganisweni sokusekelwa okuthandwayo futhi okungenani kufanele baziphendulele ngandlela-thile kumaLibya - i-NATO, ngokusobala ayikho.
Inqobo nje uma uguquko lwaseLibya luzwakalisa ukulwela kwenqwaba yabantu baseLibya ngentando yeningi kanye nobulungiswa bezenhlalo, kufanele ilawule ukwesekwa kwabathuthukayo yonke indawo. Kodwa lokho kusekelwa ngeke kufinyelele ngokuzenzakalelayo kuzo zonke izinqumo zezombusazwe ezenziwa amavukela-mbuso aseLibya, ikakhulukazi uma sinesizathu esihle sokukholelwa ukuthi izinqumo ezithile zibukela phansi amandla abo okushintsha umbuso ononya wamaQaddafi ngohlelo lwamandla abantu futhi kuthuthukiswe ithonya lokubuyela emuva kwemibuso yasentshonalanga. esifundeni sonke; lokhu kuyingozi enkulu yokuzimisela kwamavukela-mbuso ukwamukela i-NATO njengozakwethu ogcwele. Akungabazeki ukuthi ukwanda kweqhaza le-NATO emzabalazweni wokulwa noQaddafi kusiza ukukhuthaza izingxenye ezisekela kakhulu entshonalanga kuMkhandlu Kazwelonke - izikhulu zangaphambili zamaQaddafi, abafuduki abaxhumene ne-CIA, njll. futhi ibaqinise maqondana nokuthuthuka, ukulwa -amandla ama impiriyali.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi abanye abantu abacindezelwe bacele ngamandla amakhulu ukungenelela esikhundleni sabo - ngemiphumela ebulalayo. Ngo-1994, lapho bebhekene nengcindezelo enonya, abantu baseHaiti banxusa i-United States ukuthi ifake kabusha uBertrand Aristide; umphumela waba umsebenzi (njengase-Libya, ngaphansi kwe-imrimatur ye-UN) esaqhubeka nanamuhla, ukuketula umbuso okuxhaswe yi-US okwaphoqa u-Aristide ukuba aphume ezweni, uhulumeni okhohlakele nongenayo intando yeningi, kanye nobumpofu obuqhubekayo obuvela e-US. -izinqubomgomo zezomnotho ezibekiwe. [UJoanne Landys Op-Ed ephikisana nokungenelela kwe-US eHaiti yashicilelwa ku-New York Times yango-Agasti 7, 1994.] AmaMuslim aseBosnia nama-Albanians aseKosovar Avinjezelwe acela usizo ku-NATO; imiphumela yaba ukuhlukana okuphakade kwezinhlanga eBosnia kanye nokudalwa kwesifunda sezigelekeqe eKosovo. Abantu abaningi base-Iraqi baqale babingelela amasosha ase-US njengabakhululi ekubuseni okwakuzondwa nguSaddam Hussein; kodwa ukukhululwa kwama-Iraq ngokushesha kwaphenduka iphupho elibi lokucindezelwa kwegazi laseMelika kanye nezingxabano zamahlelo.
Kusukela ekupheleni kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi, ukungenelela kwezempi kwe-United States nabalingani bayo kuye kwanda kakhulu, okube nemiphumela emibi hhayi kuphela kubantu abahilelekile, kodwa nakwesobunxele kanye nenhlangano yokulwa nempi emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokwezinga ama-progressive kanye nezishoshovu ezimelene nempi ezivikela ngayo lokhu kungenelela, zihlinzeka ngekhava yezombangazwe ngokungahlosiwe kulokho empeleni okusetshenziswa ekuhlaseleni kombuso futhi zisize ukungenelela okuzayo okuchitha igazi.
Uma umgomo wethu kuwumhlaba wentando yeningi wabantu abazibusayo, abangenakho ukubuswa ama-imperialism, khona-ke amasu esiwasekayo kufanele akhombe ngokungaguquguquki ekuzuzweni kwaleyo nhloso. Uma nje abacebile nabanamandla benendlela yokuphoqelela intando yabo ngenkani, bayovimbela izwe elinjalo ukuba libe khona. I-NATO ingesinye sezikhali zabo eziqine kakhulu. Asikwazi ukukusekela ukungena kwawo, ngisho nalapho kufihlwe njengemizamo yokuvikela izimpilo zabantu. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu eNyakatho Afrika naseMpumalanga Ephakathi, lapho imibuso yasentshonalanga inesithakazelo esibalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukuthathwa kwangempela kwamandla oquqaba lwama-Arab. Inselele ebhekene nezinhlangano eziqinile zentando yeningi emhlabeni wonke namuhla iwukuthola izindlela zokunikeza ubumbano oluzwakalayo nokweseka komunye nomunye, kunokuba sinikeze igunya elingeziwe kuwo kanye amandla asimele. Njengoba izinkinga zesikhathi esizayo zikhula, le nselele izophuthuma kakhulu.
Ukuvukela umbuso e-Libya, kanye nokunyakaza kwentando yeningi eNyakatho Afrika yonke naseMpumalanga Ephakathi ngokungangabazeki kuzobhekana nezingqinamba ezibuhlungu kanye nokunqoba okujabulisayo njengoba kuqhubeka inqubo yoguquko. E-Libya, sithemba ukuthi akukephuzi kakhulu ukuthi ukuvukela umbuso okudumile kubuyise ukuzimela kwayo. Abangane bayo beqiniso esifundeni nasemhlabeni wonke bayizinhlangano zasemazingeni aphansi, izinyunyana, ukuthula nezishoshovu zamalungelo abantu, abanezinhloso ezifanayo zentando yeningi.
Ngaphezu kwanoma isiphi isenzakalo emashumini eminyaka, i-Arab Spring iye yavula ithemba lezwe elingcono, izwe lapho isiphetho sezigidigidi singasenamusa wabaholi abalambele amandla, abaziphakamisayo. Ekhaya, igagasi lokuguquguquka kwentando yeningi linikeza ithuba thina esinesikhathi eside siphikisana nenqubomgomo yezangaphandle yase-US kanye nokuthembela kwayo kohulumeni abanegunya, ukungenelela kwezempi, kanye nezinqubomgomo zezomnotho ezisabelayo ukuze bakholise abantu baseMelika abavamile ukuthi omunye umgwaqo ungenzeka futhi ungabazuzisa kakhulu. .
Ababhali babonga uFrank Brodhead ngosizo lwakhe ngalesi sitatimende.
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