Umoya wokungaqiniseki ukhungethe izindaba eziningi ezihlobene neGibhithe. Selokhu kwaqala ukuhlubuka kwaseGibhithe eminyakeni emibili edlule, izwe lisalokhu liyizisulu zombango wezikhundla ongenalutho onemiphumela elimazayo. babe wahlukanisa umphakathi ngezindlela ezingakaze zibonwe ngaphambili, mhlawumbe kuwo wonke umlando wanamuhla waseGibhithe. Futhi nakuba e-Egypt ngokwako akukho okungcwele futhi akekho ophephile emikhankasweni emikhulu yokwehliswa isithunzi, ukudunyiswa kwamademoni kanye namanga aluhlaza ikamu ngalinye lezombusazwe eliqalayo ngokumelene nelinye, amaPalestine azithola esesimweni esibucayi kakhulu.
Abantu basePalestine eGaza Strip ikakhulukazi, bathembele kakhulu komakhelwane babo baseGibhithe. Iminyaka eyisithupha yokuvimbezela kuka-Israel, ekuqaleni okwakubekwe ukuthi kujeziswe abantu basePalestine ngokukhetha i-Hamas okhethweni olwalubhekwa kabanzi njengolungenamfihlo nolungenzeleli, ifinyelele umvuthwandaba waba idrama enobukhulu bamazwe ngamazwe. Lo mdlalo wawubandakanya abantu basePalestine, kodwa futhi nabazuzi bendabuko bakwa-Israyeli - abaholayo, njengenjwayelo, yi-United States - amazwe ama-Arab, i-Iran, iTurkey nokunye. Ngaphandle kwemvelo enonya yokuvimbezela obekelwe ukujezisa umphakathi ngokukhetha intando yeningi, ukuvinjezelwa kuye kwashintsha ukuthola izincazelo eziningi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iphinde yaqinisa ukwehlukana kwezikhulu zezombangazwe zasePalestine, njengoba i-Ramallah-based Palestinian Authority (PA) itshale imali ekuqinisekiseni ukuhlukaniswa kwabamelene nayo kwezombusazwe i-Hamas. Ngokuphawulekayo, lokhu kwenzeka ngemva kokuhlangana kwabo okufushane kodwa okwachitha igazi eGaza ngo-2007. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuvinjezelwa kwabeka i-Hamas, okusinda kwayo kwakusengozini, ngenkani ekamu lesifunda elalihilela i-Iran, iSiriya kanye neqembu eliphikisayo laseLebanon iHezbollah.
Intuthuko yokugcina ikakhulukazi yaxhashazwa u-Israyeli ngazo zonke izindlela futhi ngokuqinisekile ngaphandle kokuqukethwe okuningi. Ngemuva kwalokho yahlasela iGaza ngokuthanda kwayo, yabulala futhi yalimaza izinkulungwane phakathi neminyaka embalwa, egameni lokulwa nama-radicals aseMpumalanga Ephakathi ayehlose ukusula u-Israyeli ebalazweni.
Ngaphansi kukaMengameli owaketulwa esikhundleni u-Hosni Mubarak, i-Egypt yasebenza njengendawo yokuvikela i-Israel kanye ne-US ukuthi ihlukanise i-Hamas emhlabeni wonke. Umashiqela waseGibhithe wayenezakhe izizathu zokuhlukanisa iGaza. Noma iyiphi impumelelo endaweni kaMubarak yama-Islamist, amaPalestine noma abanye, bekungaba usongo futhi bekuzofaka isibindi ama-Islamist ase-Egypt ukuthi alindele noma alwele ukubamba iqhaza elikhulu ezikhungweni zepolitiki ezingenantando yeningi zaseGibhithe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuqinisa intambo, umbuso waseGibhithe ngaleso sikhathi wawunethemba lokuthi uzoqinisa indima yawo njengomdlali omkhulu ekamu lama-Arab 'aphakathi' lase-US, ukuze uthole izinzuzo zezimali nezombusazwe.
Umbuso kaMubarak ukuthethelele ukuboshwa kwawo kweGaza njengomzamo wawo wokulondoloza ubunye basePalestine. Umqondo wawunamaphutha, kodwa futhi uhlakaniphile. Ngaphansi kobuholi bukaGeorge W. Bush Administration kanye nokubandakanyeka ngokugcwele kwaseGibhithe, i-Israel kanye ne-PA ka-Mahmoud Abbas babefinyelele isivumelwano nge-Movement and Access emngceleni weGaza-Egypt ngoNovemba 2005. Ngokulindelekile, isivumelwano satshekiswa ngazo zonke izindlela ezidingekayo ukuze qinisekisa u-Israyeli mayelana nezinkinga eziningi zokuphepha. Imishini yase-Europe - I-European Union Border Assistance Mission e-Rafah Crossing Point (EU BAM Rafah) - yathunyelwa ngokushesha ukuze iqaphe umngcele. Labo abasohlwini luka-Israyeli 'njengabasolwa' kungenzeka babuyiselwe emuva noma bavalelwe. Kwakuwumsebenzi wakwa-Israel owenziwe yizandla zasePalestine kanye ne-EU, ngokubambisana okugcwele kwaseGibhithe. Umbuso kaMubarak uthe ukuvula umngcele ngaphansi kweHamas kuwukwephula isivumelwano futhi kuzophinde kuhlukanise abantu basePalestine.
Ngenkathi amaphekula asePalestine elwa eGaza ngo-2007, okwaholela ekususweni kwabalandeli baka-Abbas bakaFatah kuzo zonke izinsiza zezokuphepha ze-Strip, u-Abbas wazithola ekuyo kanye ekamu enxusa ukuba kuncishiswe kakhulu emngceleni waseGaza, ikakhulukazi neGibhithe. Owakamuva ubophekile ngomdlandla. Ngenkathi u-Mubarak akha umgoqo kanye nodonga olungaphansi komhlaba emngceleni waseGaza oyi-12k, u-Abbas wamjabulela. “Ngisekela udonga,” wacashunwa kuyi-Guardian ka-Jan 31, 2010. “Umbuso wamaGibhithe ezweni lawo. Izimpahla ezisemthethweni kufanele zilethwe ngokuwela okusemthethweni. ”
Yebo u-Abbas wayazi kahle ukuthi 'ukuwela okusemthethweni' phakathi kweGaza ne-Israel kwakuhloselwe ukunikeza abantu basePalestine ukudla kanye nophethiloli eGaza empofu, ngezindlela ezihambisana nesimo sika-Israyeli, njengoba kwashiwo isikhulu sakwa-Israel esasinethonya u-Dov Weissglass: "Umbono uthi ukubeka abantu basePalestine ekudleni, kodwa hhayi ukubenza babulawe indlala.” Ngokuqondene nokunye 'ukuwela okusemthethweni' ne-Egypt, kwakungasetshenziselwa ukuhweba, futhi kwakuvinjelwe ngisho nakubantu abanezinkinga zempilo nabafundi.
Kulandela impi ebulalayo yakwa-Israyeli eGaza ngo-2008-9, eyaziwa ngegama layo lakwa-Israel i-Operation Cast Lead, i-Egypt yasondela kakhulu endaweni yakwa-Israel kanye ne-PA yokuklinya iGaza. Abantu baseGaza bebengalindele ukuthi uMubarak avumele indawo eyonakele kakhulu ukuthi ilulame ngokuphelele empini yohlangothi olulodwa eyabulala abantu abangaphezu kuka-1400, yalimaza izinkulungwane ngaphezulu, futhi yacekela phansi ingqalasizinda yendawo. Nokho, babenethemba lokuthi uMubarak uzovula ukuwela umngcele ngendlela ebikezelwayo; nokho babuka ngokudangala njengoba ochwepheshe bezokuphepha basentshonalanga bethutheleka eGibhithe ukuyoqinisa umngcele waseGaza nakakhulu, ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale zonke izisulu zaseGaza.
Izinto azibanga zimbi kanjena phakathi kweGaza ne-Egypt. Eqinisweni, emashumini eminyaka adlule, amaGazan abone ukuxhumana okuqinile, isibopho ngisho, nobukhulu bomlando, ezombusazwe, amasiko kanye nezenkolo obenze ngandlela thize babheka iGibhithe njengokuphumula kwabo, imigqa yabo yokugcina yokuzivikela. Ngokomlando, i-Egypt, eyalwa izimpi ezibuhlungu ngokumelene no-Israyeli, njengoba amanye amazwe ama-Arab enza uzungu noma ahoxisa, yayiphethe iGaza phakathi kuka-1948 no-1956, futhi futhi phakathi kuka-1957 no-1967. Ubudlelwano abuzange bunqanyulwe kwaze kwaba ngu-1978 lapho uMongameli u-Anwar Sadat esayina i-Camp David Accords. Isigaba sesibili salezo zivumelwano sabeka 'uhlaka' oluzoguqula iGaza, kanye neWest Bank ibe yizifunda ezizimele.
Nakuba abaningi e-Egypt bekuqonda ngokugcwele ukuthi ukuthola isixazululo esihloniphekile nesihlala njalo sokuhlaziswa abantu basePalestine eGaza kuyimfuneko, njengoba behlala bevaleleke endaweni encane engenawo umkhathizwe wepolitiki, abanye osolwazi bemithombo yezindaba babhebhezela amalangabi ngobudlova. Abantu baseGaza kanye nohulumeni wabo. Kungenzeka ukuthi sebekhohliwe ukuthi kwakungabaseGaza abahola umgubho weNguquko yaseGibhithe yangoJanuwari 25 futhi kwaba wukumelana kwabo okwenza amasosha akwa-Israel abaleke yonke le minyaka. Khona-ke, akekho owayazi ngempela ukuthi hlobo luni lomphumela wezombusazwe uguquko lwaluzowuletha. Iningi labantu basePalestine lalibonakala lijabule ngokuthi abaseGibhithe babehefuzela umoya wenkululeko, futhi babekholelwa ngempela ukuthi okuhle eGibhithe kwakukuhle ngokufanayo nangePalestine.
Kusobala nje ukuthi abaseGazan noma uhulumeni wabo abanayo intshisekelo yokudicilela phansi iGibhithe. Abantu basePalestine bayaqonda ukuthi iGibhithe eliqinile, elizinzile kuzofanele lithambekele ngokushesha ebhizinisini elingakaqedwa, elinye kube ukuvinjezelwa kweGaza, kanti elinye lilinganisa ukuzikhukhumeza kwezempi kuka-Israyeli okungalawulwa kuleyo ndawo. Yebo, iGaza inabashisekeli bayo bezenkolo njenganoma iyiphi enye indawo, kodwa ukuhlanganisa lokho netulo leHamas-Muslim Brotherhood lokudicilela phansi ubukhona bamasosha eSinayi ngesinye isimangalo esingenabufakazi esihloselwe ukubhebhethekisa inzondo kubantu basePalestine.
Ngesikhathi imibiko yabezindaba iqinisekisa ukukhululwa kwamasosha ayisikhombisa aseGibhithe athunjwa eSinayi atholwe uMengameli u-Mohamed Morsi esikhumulweni sezindiza i-Almatha ngoMeyi 22, kwakungamaPalestine eGaza enanela ukujabula kwabafowabo eGibhithe. Ngaphandle kokwaneliseka kwangempela ngokukhululwa kwabo, abantu baseGazan baphinde bajabula ukubona izinkulungwane zabagibeli ababevaleleke bevunyelwa ukuba bawele umngcele ngemva kokuchitha izinsuku eziyisithupha belwa nezinto futhi belala ebhodini lamakhadi.
Abantu basePalestine eGaza bazizwa belulazekile futhi bakhungatheke kakhulu ngokukhokha inani lesiyaluyalu sezombusazwe saseGibhithe. Sekuyisikhathi sokuthi uhulumeni we-Muslim Brotherhood waseMorsi enze uphenyo olunzulu futhi aqonde ukuthi abantu basePalestine bazoqhubeka nokumba imigudu ukuze baphile uma iCairo ingafinyeleli esivumelwaneni nohulumeni waseGaza esingavumela ukuhwebelana kanye nokusiza abantu.
Yebo, i-Egypt inalo lonke ilungelo lokuvikela umngcele wayo, kodwa ngokuqinisekile hhayi ngezindleko zabantu abavinjezelwe abakhathele ukunikezwa 'isijeziso esihlangene' noma ukusetshenziswa njengefolishi yezombangazwe. Ukwengeza, ngokuqinisekile bakhathele ukumba imigudu ukuze baphile.
Ramzy Baroud (ramzybaroud.net) ungumbhali oshicilelwe futhi ohunyushwe kabanzi. Ungumbhali wamazwe omhlaba kanye nomhleli we PalestineChronicle.com. Incwadi yakhe yakamuva ethi My Father Was a Freedom Fighter: Gaza’s Untold Story (Pluto Press, London).
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela