U-Jesse Jackson unikeze isiphakamiso esihle kakhulu sokuthi uMnyango Wezobulungiswa uqale ukuphenya iminyango yamaphoyisa ukuze uthole ukuthi iyayilandela yini imithetho yamalungelo omphakathi mayelana nokuqasha, izindaba zokuqashwa kanye nenqubomgomo yokugcinwa komthetho. Uma kungenjalo, njengoba kubonakala kuFerguson, akumele besathola uxhaso lwenhlangano. Umbono kaJackson “wokulwa nokwephulwa kwamalungelo omphakathi ngomthetho wamalungelo abantu” uwuhlelo oluhlakaniphile lokujezisa iminyango yamaphoyisa evimba ubulungiswa, ukuvimbela ukuhlukumeza okuqhubekayo ngokufaka ingcindezi yezezimali ukuze kuthotshelwe umthetho futhi ashaye ihlombe ngokumelene nokuphathwa kwezempi kwamaphoyisa. Azisekho izimoto ezihlomile noma amabutho akhethekile eminyango yamaphoyisa engaqashi abantu abambalwa, noma lawo aqondise ngokohlelo amaLatinos nama-African Americans ukuze aboshwe.
Nakuba konke lokhu kubonakala kungenzeki, asenze sengathi iMelika iguqula ngokumangalisayo ibe umphakathi ohloniphekile futhi iqala ukusebenza ngamaphoyisa, iqhubekele phambili ebulungiswa bobugebengu futhi empeleni ibeka phambili amalungelo omphakathi. Usekhona umdlavuza enhliziyweni yesiko elizinikele ekuhlonipheni udlame, ukugubha ubugovu nokugxeka ububele.
U-Noam Chomsky no-Edward S. Herman babhale i-classic Imvume Yokukhiqiza, mayelana nobudlelwano obukhohlisayo nobokuxhaphaza abezindaba abanabo nomphakathi waseMelika. Kuthiwani uma imvume ingakhiqizwa? Kuthiwani uma, njengoba isazi-mlando uMorris Berman ephikisana, ukwebiwa kwe-plutocratic kwezimpilo zaseMelika kanye nengcebo empeleni kungekona ukuphanga, kodwa ukuthengiselana?
UWilliam wase-Ockham wakha ngokudumile umgomo wokuxazulula izinkinga, insingo ka-Occam: Sika izinkinga ezingadingekile futhi impendulo elula yombuzo cishe iyimpendulo elungile. Ngemuva kwakho konke ukuhlaziya ukungasebenzi kahle kwentando yeningi okujwayelekile eMelika, okwaqalwa kucatshangwa ukuthi uhlelo lwezepolitiki luyehluleka ukumela intando yabantu, umbuzo osalayo uthi: kuthiwani uma empeleni kumelela intando yabantu? Ukuthi uhlelo luyaphumelela ekusekeleni isethembiso salo kungaba yimpendulo elula nengenzeka kakhulu emfihlakalweni yokulala kobuthongo kweMelika ephusheni elibi lokuhlushwa abacindezelwe kanye nengcebo yabacindezeli.
Abakhululi abaningi abanethemba lokuhle bazohlonza izindimbane zababhikishi ezigcwele intukuthelo nokunengeka ngokubulawa okugunyazwe nguhulumeni kwamadoda amabili amnyama angahlomile, kodwa izinkulungwane zabantu ababhikisha emadolobheni amakhulu yidlanzana elinengqondo ephilileyo. Idlanzana elihlakaniphile lilwa “neningi elithulile” lenjabulo kaRichard Nixon. Umongameli owayephoxekile wayeqinisile ngo-1969 lapho eveza ukuthi iningi labantu baseMelika lalingeyona ingxenye yemibhikisho emelene nempi noma ukunyakaza okungahambisani namasiko; babengabavoti bakhe, futhi izingane zabo zaba abavoti bakaReagan. Kusukela ngale kwethuna, useqinisile.
Amaphoyisa adubula intsha ngecala lokweba ugwayi, amaphoyisa aklinya amadoda aze abulale futhi ashaye abesifazane, kanye nabaphathi bamaphoyisa nabashushisi bezifunda ababavikelayo, awaveli kuMars. Abazona izibankwa ezicashile, njengoba abanye abaqambi bozungu ababi basikisela. BangamaMelika. Ziyimikhiqizo yezikhungo namasiko aseMelika, futhi zisebenza futhi ziqondise ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho yethu.
Kukho konke ukuhlaselwa “kuhlelo” lokugunyaza ukuziphatha kwamaphoyisa abulalayo, bambalwa abagxeki abagxeka labo abathinteka kakhulu ezinqumweni zokungawafaki amacala: amajaji. Akekho onengqondo ongangabaza ukuthi umshushisi wesifunda, uRobet McCulloch, eFerguson, wenze konke okusemandleni akhe ukonakalisa lolu hlelo, kodwa kusobala ukuthi akekho noyedwa owayemasha ngobumbano nomndeni kaMichael Brown owayengavumela uDarren Wilson aphile ngokunethezeka ngemali engu-$1 million abalandeli bakhe abayikhulisele yona. umsize ebunzimeni bakhe bezezimali. Ingxenye enkulu yenkinga ilele kumajaji amukele indima yawo njengamathoyizi kaMcCulloch kanye nesihlangu sikaWilson.
Akukho ukuzivikela ongakucabanga kwejaji ecaleni lika-Eric Garner. Babenobufakazi obubonakalayo bamaphoyisa abulala owesilisa ecela impilo yakhe. Bona, njengamaphoyisa abawavikelayo, bangamaMelika ajwayelekile. Akuwona ama-cyborgs. Bangomakhelwane bakho.
Abanye abantu baseMelika abangu-12 e-Texas abazange besabe noma bezwele lapho bebuka amaphoyisa amabili eshaya u-Keyarika Diggles esiteshini samaphoyisa. Mhlawumbe bakubuke ngendlela efanayo nathi lapho sibuka ukucekelwa phansi kwezimpilo kuthelevishini. Enye into eqinisekile ukuthi abazange babuke njengabantu abahloniphekile.
Akubuzwa ukuthi uhlelo lwezobulungiswa bobugebengu lucwasa ngokwebala, nokuthi uhlelo lwezepolitiki lwaseMelika lunonya. Abantu abamnyama bebelokhu behlushwa ukushaywa nokushaywa okubi kakhulu eMelika, ngoba isifo sengqondo sokucwasa ngokwebala siyingozi kakhulu ukuthi singaphola ngokushesha. Abantu base-Afrika baseMelika babengabantu abathathu kwesihlanu ngesikhathi sobugqila, futhi kubonakala sengathi ngo-2014, nendoda ehlangene e-White House, bangabantu abane-esihlanu. IMelika yenze inqubekelaphambili, kodwa akekho ngaphandle kwezimpumputhe ongakholelwa ukuthi ukuphila kwabantu abamnyama kunenani elilinganayo nempilo emhlophe.
Nokho, lezi “zinhlelo” aziwona amakhompiyutha amakhulu. Ziyizikhungo eziphethwe futhi zinikwe amandla ngabantu. Abantu bangobuso beMelika. UDarren Wilson, uRobert McCulloch kanye namajaji ahlulekile ukujezisa amaphoyisa ngokubulala, bayingxenye yeningi elithule. Bayiningi elifanayo elithule labavoti elinomthwalo wemfanelo wokukhethwa kwezikhulu ezichitha ubumpofu njengendaba engabalulekile, ezihlukumeza imfundo yomphakathi, futhi ezihlale zinxusa ukuthi kuthuthukiswe ukubulawa kwamaSulumane eMpumalanga Ephakathi. Bayiningi elifanayo elithulile, amaphesenti angu-66 ngokusho kokuvota, abasekela iziteleka zomoya ngokumelene ne-Iraq, futhi bakha amaphesenti angu-40, azokhula kuphela uma umkhankaso we-propaganda uqala futhi, osekela ukuhlasela komhlaba.
Ukuze uthole amazwibela ashaqisayo ngokukhethekile embukisweni wezindinganiso zobudlova zaseMelika, cabanga ukuthi, ngokombiko wakamuva we-Pew, amaphesenti angama-51 abantu baseMelika bakholelwa ukuthi ukuhlukunyezwa, njengokuncelisa i-rectal, i-waterboarding nezinye izindlela ezimbi ezichazwe embikweni weSenate Intelligence Committee. , kuyalungisiswa. Abanye abangamaphesenti angu-20 bathi abanawo umbono.
Kubonakala sengathi amajaji emacaleni kaBrown, Garner kanye ne-Diggles kwakulula ukukhohlisa, futhi endabeni kaFerguson, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi ayenolwazi oluncane lomlando noma umthetho waseMelika. Cishe bayingxenye yamaphesenti angu-71 abantu baseMelika abangakaze balifunde iphephandaba, abangamaphesenti angu-80 emikhaya yaseMelika engazange ithenge izincwadi ngonyaka odlule, namaphesenti angu-70 angakwazi ukusho neyodwa ingxenye yoMthethosivivinywa Wamalungelo.
Ziyimikhiqizo yemvelo yesiko eliguquke kancane kancane libe yi-hyper-individualism ebhubhisayo. Uhlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo olwenzelwa inzuzo, inxanxathela yezimboni zeziboshwa, kanye nokuhlukana okubi ngokwebala nezigaba ohlelweni lwemfundo yomphakathi nakho kuyimikhiqizo yemvelo, kanye namaphoyisa adukile nanodlame angabhekananga nemiphumela yokuchitha igazi. Izisulu zaleli siko, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziyizingane ezibanjwe ezitelekeni ze-drone noma abesifazane abashaywa eziteshini zamaphoyisa, benziwa bangabonakali noma bangabi nalutho ngezinganekwane zokukhetha kanye nomusa waseMelika.
Ekhuluma nami ngokufa kukaMichael Brown kanye nokuhlukana kwezinhlanga eMelika, uJesse Jackson wathi, “Sisuse ungqimba lwesikhumba—i-epidermis—esihlukanisayo. Ngakho-ke manje singavota ndawonye, sisebenze ndawonye, sithandana nodadewabo bomunye nomunye, kodwa le nto ijulile. Yilokho abantu abangafuni ukukuvuma. Siyazi ukuthi singaphila kanjani ngokuhlukana, kodwa kufanele sifunde ukuphila ndawonye.”
Ukuvunywa kwesidingo saseMelika sokufunda ukuhlala ndawonye kunobulula obufihla ukujula kwakho. URobert Putnam, ku Ukubhowula yedwa, yabhala ngezinga lokuhlukaniswa kwabantu baseMelika komunye nomunye. Ukudutshulwa kwabantu abaningi, amazinga obugebengu obunobudlova aphakeme kunawo wonke amazwe athuthukile kanye nentukuthelo efana nokufa kukaGarner kanye noBrown kubonisa ukuthi ukungakwazi ukuhlalisana ngokuthula eMelika kudlula ubuhlanga. Kuwukungasebenzi kahle kwamathambo okuhambisana nezindleko zomphakathi, imithelela yezepolitiki kanye nezinhlekelele ezingokomoya. Ukungalingani kuzoqhubeka nokukhula futhi ukungabi nabulungisa kuzoqhubeka nokuba kubi kuze kube yilapho iMelika yenziwa ukuthi empeleni ibhekane namazinga ayo okunganaki kobugovu ekuhluphekeni, kusukela kubantu abavamile emajajini amakhulu kuya kulabo abaphethe izihlalo zobukhosi eziphakeme kakhulu.
Idlanzana elinengqondo lingase liphikisane ngokusobala nokucwasa kohlelo lwezobulungiswa bobugebengu, kodwa empeleni lifuna ukuthi iMelika ibe umphakathi ophucuzekile. Ayikho impucuko engabekezelela lokho iMelika esanda kukwenza, kodwa yiwona kanye lowo mqondo-umbono wempucuko-ukuthi iningi elithule libonakala lizonda futhi liyawenqaba.
1 Amazwana
UDavid uyabuza, “Ingabe izikole zaseMelika, amasonto, imikhaya, ezombangazwe namasiko aseMelika ziye zaklanywa ukuba zibe nonya nokunganaki?”
Yebo.
Bengizophendula ngokuvumayo ngaphambi kohambo lwakamuva, kodwa ngihamba futhi ngicwaninga eMelika Ephakathi lapho i-cable TV itholakala khona kabanzi, izinhlelo eziningi zivela ezinhlelweni ezidume kakhulu e-U.S. Buka le mali yokugibela e-U.S. ingxenye yezwe lamasiko futhi ingacishe ithathwe kalula noma inganakwa. Ibuke nabantu base-Central America futhi iyethusa, iyaphoxa, futhi iyacasula.