Njengoba ngilungiselela uhambo olunzima lokuthola amaqiniso oluya kwa-Israel kanye ne-Palestinian West Bank (eyayihlala iminyaka engu-46), uNobhala Wezwe u-Kerry wamemezela ukuthi i-Israel kanye ne-Palestinian Authority bavumile ukuqalisa kabusha izingxoxo zokuthula ngaphandle kwemibandela.
Ngosuku ithimba lami indiza yaya esifundeni, i-Israel yamemezela ukuthi isigunyaze ezinye izindlu ezisazokwakhiwa kubahlali bakwa-Israel: "I-Israel ikhiphe amathenda okwakhiwa kwezindlu ezicishe zibe ngu-1,200 e-East Jerusalem kanye naseWest Bank," kubika ELondon Izikhathi Zezezimali, "ephikisana nokuphikisa kwe-US kanye ne-Palestine ekunwetshweni kwezindawo zokuhlala zamaJuda ezinsukwini ezintathu ngaphambi kokuqala kwezingxoxo zokuthula."
Yindaba efanayo endala ecindezelayo, lapho u-Israyeli ekhombisa intshisekelo encane yokwenza ukuthula.
Ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokuthi ngiphendukele kulokho okumangazayo nokukhuthazayo eWest Bank, ake sivume izindaba ezimbi: Abantu basePalestina bakhishwa kancane kancane ezindlini zabo, baphucwa amanzi abo kanye nezihlahla zomnqumo ezinamakhulu eminyaka, behlaziswa nsuku zonke ngabahlali bakwa-Israel futhi. umbuso wakwa-Israel ngokwephula ngokungapheli amalungelo abo abantu okuba kubi kakhulu njengoba ingxenye enkulu yomhlaba ibheka eceleni.
Kodwa nazi izindaba ezinhle: Ngaphesheya kweWest Bank, umsebenzi wakwa-Israyeli ukhulise eminyakeni yamuva nje inhlangano engenabudlova โedumile yokumelanaโ okufanele ibe ugqozi kubantu emhlabeni wonke. Lokhu kumelana okungahlomile kuqhubekile naphezu kodlame lwezwe lakwa-Israel (isizwa izikhali ezihlinzekwa yi-U.S. nesisi esikhalisa izinyembezi), izigwebo ezinde zababhikishi abangenalo udlame futhi zisabalele. ukuboshwa nokuhlukunyezwa kwezingane.
Kwakufanelekile ukubuyela e-U.S. nge-50th isikhumbuzo sikaMashi eWashington ngenxa yokuthi uMartin Luther King Jr. kanye nefa lakhe lokungabi nadlame kwacelwa izishoshovu zasePalestine cishe kuwo wonke amadolobhana namadolobhana engiwavakashele njengengxenye yethimba elizobheka amaqiniso.
NjengeNkosi, abaholi bophiko oludumile lwasePalestine - kusukela kongqondongqondo kuya kubantu basemakhaya ababeboshwe kaningi - bakhulume nathi ngamalungelo abantu emhlabeni wonke, ngomndeni wesintu lapho wonke umuntu efanelwe amalungelo alinganayo ngaphandle kwenkolo noma ubuzwe. โAsimelene nomsebenzi, asimelene namaJuda,โ kwakuwukwenqaba kwezishoshovu zasePalestine. "SinamaJuda amaningi nama-Israyeli abasisekelayo."
Kwakukhuthaza ngempela ukuhlangana nabaningi ama-Israyeli anesibindi abaye basekela ukumelana okungenabudlova, ngokuvamile bazibeka phambili kumamashi (izigwebo zabo zasejele zincane uma ziqhathaniswa nalokho okushiwo abantu basePalestine). Kuyavunywa ukuthi bayidlanzana elincane, elikhishwe inyumbazane ngokuphelele kwa-Israyeli - umphakathi obonakala udidekile futhi ungowezempi namuhla njengezwe lethu ngesikhathi seMcCarthyite Fifties.
U-NABI SALEH: Kuleli dolobhana eliseduze neRamallah elicindezelwa izifiki, umholi weqembu. ukumelana okudumile kwendawo yakha inkondlo mayelana nama-Israel abeseke umzabalazo wabo: โNgemuva kokuthi siqale ukuphikiswa okudumile ngo-2009, sabona uhlobo oluhlukile luka-Israel, ozakwethu. Sibabona njengomzala wethu - umbono ohlukile kunowakwa-Israel njengesosha elidubula thina, noma isifiki sintshontsha, noma ujele esivalela isitokisi." Indaba kaNabi Saleh yakhulunywa ngokuphoqelela ngendlela engavamile New York Times Magazine Isihloko sikaBen Ehrenreich, โIngabe Yilapho I-Intifada Yesithathu Izoqala Khona?"
"Akulula ukungabi nodlame, kodwa alikho isosha elibulawe yitshe," kusho umholi wesishoshovu uManal Tamimi. โSifuna ukukhombisa umhlaba ukuthi akuwona amaphekula. Ku-CNN, Fox News, singamaphekula nje, amabhomu azibulale. Ngangisezifundazweni; awukaze uzwe ngezifiki ezihlasela abasePalestine.โ
Njengoba sasiphuma endlini yakhe, uManal wanezela: โKudingeka nibe izithunywa zethu ngoba imali yenu yentela iyasibulala. Nina ningabafowethu ngobuntu, kodwa niyingxenye yokubulala.โ
Njengabafelโ ukholo bethu bamalungelo abantu bango-1964 eMississippi - uSchwerner, uCheney noGoodman - uNabi Saleh uhlonipha abafel' ukholo: Mustafa Tamimi futhi Rushdi Tamimi.
BILโIN: Uma ubone idokhumentari eqokwe nge-Oscar โ5 Amakhamera Aphukile,โ khona-ke uyazi ngempi eyathatha iminyaka eyisikhombisa, eyaphumelela ingxenye ethile yabantu basesigodini saseBilโin yokuxosha โudonga oluhlukanisayoโ lwakwa-Israyeli (olwalubizwa ngokuthi uDonga Lobandlululo) โ olwaluhlelelwe ukuthatha cishe amaphesenti angama-60 omhlaba wabo. , ehlukanisa abalimi emasimini abo nasezihlahleni zomnqumo. Kuyi- indaba ekhuthazayo yokungabi nabudlova okunesibindi, izishoshovu zamazwe ngamazwe (kanye nama-Israel) athutheleka e-Bilโin ukuyokweseka ukumelana nezakhamuzi.
"Abakwamanye amazwe" abahlala eWest Bank futhi babeka imizimba yabo emgqeni wokweseka imizabalazo engenabudlova yasePalestine bangikhumbuza abafundi base-US nabanye "ababhekisa eningizimu" ngawo-1960 ukusekela inhlangano yamalungelo abantu.
Sasilala ezindlini zezakhamuzi zaseBilโin. U-Iyad Burnat, umfowabo womqondisi we-โ5 Broken Camerasโ u-Emad Burnat, ukhulume nathi esikhathini esidlule. Phakathi kwamabili mayelana nokubaluleka kokusakazwa kwabezindaba, ukwesekwa kwamazwe ngamazwe, kanye namaqhinga okudala, okumangazayo enhlanganweni ephumelelayo engenalo udlame (njengokusebenzisa imizimba yabo ukuvala umgwaqo โwabahlali kuphelaโ wakwa-Israel). โEBilโin asiwasebenzisi amatshe. Amasosha akwa-Israel asebenzisa lokho - izingane ezijikijela amatshe - ukuhlasela abantu bakithi."
U-Iyad wayengomunye wabantu basePalestine abayishumi nambili esahlangana nabo ababemangele ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuhamba njengoba imiphakathi yabo isizungezwe udonga, izindawo zokuhlala, izindawo zokuhlola kanye nemigwaqo emikhulu yakwa-Israyeli kuphela. โKulula kimi ukufika e-U.S. noma e-U.K. kunokuya eJerusalema, eqhele ngamakhilomitha angama-25.โ
Njengabafelโ ukholo bethu bakwaSelma โ uJimmy Lee Jackson, uMfundisi James Reeb noViola Liuzzo โ uBilโin unabafelโ ukholo abangenabudlova: Bassem Ibrahim Abu Rahmah futhi Jawaher Abu Rahmah.
EAST JERUSALEM: Enye yama-movie anamandla nafundisayo kwa-Israel/Palestine idokhumentari yemizuzu engu-25, โUmakhelwane Wamiโ โ okuveza obala UbuJuda of I-East Jerusalem ngokugxila emndenini wasePalestine obhekene nokukhishwa ekhaya lawo leminyaka engama-47 endaweni ephakathi nendawo yaseSheikh Jarrah. Sahlala phansi โnezinkanyeziโ zemuvi, umndeni wakwa-al-Kurd, ngaphandle kwengxenye yendlu abasengahlala kuyo. Ngokungenangqondo, izifiki ezingamaJuda ezishisekayo nezinolaka zihlala engxenyeni engaphambili yendlu. Njengoba sisondela, ngabona izifiki ngemva kwefulege labo lakwa-Israel. (Buka ifilimu lapha.)
Umama oneminyaka ephakathi uMaysa al-Kurd kanye nomama wakhe oneminyaka engama-94 basitshele ukuthi bahlala endlini yabo ese-East Jerusalem kusukela ngo-1956, baphoqeleka ukuba babaleke eHaifa phakathi โneMpi Yenkululekoโ yango-1948. Izifiki manje zisebenzisa ukwesabisa ngethemba lokuthi zizobaphoqa ukuthi babaleke futhi. Njengoba unengxenye yekhaya, umndeni wakwa-al-Kurd unenhlanhla kunenqwaba yabanye e-Sheikh Jarrah abaxoshwe ngokuphelele endaweni. (Abantu abaningi basePalestine bangababaleki kabili noma kathathu.)
Ngosizo lwezishoshovu zakwa-Israel kanye nezamazwe ngamazwe, umndeni wakwa-al-Kurd usulwe iminyaka eminingi ukuze uphile ngokuthula nesithunzi kulokho okusele endlini yawo. Uma ubuka โUmakhelwane Wami,โ uzobona umzukulu uMohammed, bese kuba ngo-7th-grade, ememezela ukuthi ufuna ukuba ummeli noma intatheli elwela amalungelo abantu uma esekhulile. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili, ubambelele kulelo phupho.
U-Maysa al-Kurd usicele ukuthi sixoxele uMengameli u-Obama indaba yomndeni wakhe - futhi, uma singakwazi ukufinyelela kuye, sixoxe indaba yabo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana. Ufuna ukubuza u-Obama ukuthi "ukuthi kungamukeleka yini kuye uma izingane zakhe zihlukunyezwa emzini wazo; uma kungamukeleki ezinganeni zakhe, akufanele athule" lapho izingane zasePalestine zihlupheka.
I-HEBRON HILLS: Ngasekupheleni kohambo lwethu lwaseWest Bank, sivakashele idolobhana elicindezelwe kodwa elingagoqiwe lase-Al Tuwani emagqumeni aseNingizimu Hebron, lapho abantu abanomqondo wokwandisa (โuNkulunkulu wasinika lo mhlabaโ) ama-Israyeli asezindaweni eziseduze ahlasele izwe. base becekela phansi amasimu namanzi abo. โNgenxa yokuntuleka kwemvume yokwakha,โ amasosha akwa-Israyeli abhidliza isikole sawo sasesigodini kanye ne-mosque. Kwangithinta ukuthi ukuba ngumPalestine kwezinye zalezi zindawo ezikude kwakufana nokuba mnyama emaphandleni aseMississippi ngeminyaka yawo-1950s, ngibhekene nokwesatshiswa okungapheli okuvela kwa-Klansmen abangenamthetho (njengalaba abahlomile futhi ngezinye izikhathi abafihlwe izifiki) besekelwa amandla ombuso.
Kepha u-Al Tuwani unqabile - nabesifazane abathatha izindima ezintsha ekusimamiseni umnotho wedolobhana, nezishoshovu zobumbano zase-Italy ezisencane (Operation Juba) ephelezela amadoda enkundleni โnjengokuvikelaโ kanye nokuqoshwa kwevidiyo noma yikuphi ukungqubuzana, kanye nabameli bamalungelo abantu bakwa-Israel bevikela ilungelo labo lokwakha kabusha umphakathi wabo.
Umholi wesifazane kulelo dolobhana, njengabantu abaningi basePalestine, wasincenga ukuba sibuyele ekhaya siyophikisana nemithombo yezindaba eyayivezwa abantu basePalestine njengamaphekula: โNiyibonile iPalestina yangempela, hhayi lokho okubona ezindabeni . . . Tshela izwe iqiniso.โ
Nakuba kwakugqugquzela ukubona amaqembu angenabudlova โamelana nodumoโ ephikelela ngaphesheya kweWest Bank, ngazizwa nginamahloni futhi ngithukuthele njengomJuda ukuzwa amaPalestine ebhala ngokuqhubekayo โumbuso wamaJudaโ wokuya kuJudaize East Jerusalem futhi esabise futhi ehlaze amaBhange aseNtshonalanga ukuthi angene. beshiya amadolobha, amadolobha nemizana. Nomaphi lapho sasihamba khona, sasizwa izikhalo ngobunzima bansuku zonke - izindawo zokuhlola, imigwaqo emikhulu yamaJuda kuphela, imigwaqo yasePalestine evinjiwe nokuthi ukushayela emsebenzini noma esikoleni noma komakhelwane okwake kwathatha imizuzu engu-15 manje sekuthatha amahora amaningana.
Ngokubona lawa โmaqiniso phansi,โ ngangilokhu ngizibuza ANGITHI โKungani abantu abaningi basePalestine bephendukele odlameni nasebuphekula?โ - kodwa kunalokho, "Kungani ambalwa kangaka?"
Angiyena owokuqala noma oyedwa kuphela ocabanga lowo mcabango. Ngomzuzu wokukhuluma ngokungagwegwesi ngo-1998, usopolitiki wase-Israel u-Ehud Barak wavuma Haaretz intatheli uGideon Levy: โUkube bengingumPalestine osemncane oneminyaka efanele, ekugcineni bengizojoyina enye yezinhlangano zamaphekula.โ (U-Barak akazange ajeziswe ngokungagwegwesi kwakhe - ama-Israel amkhetha undunankulu ngemva konyaka.)
Njengoba sizama kanzima, kwakunzima ukuthola umPalestine oyedwa (noma isishoshovu sokuthula nobulungiswa bakwa-Israel) esinethemba elikhulu ngenqubo yokuthula eholwa nguKerry; besaba ukuthi izingxoxo zizophinde zibe izaba zokuqhubeka nokwanda kwe-Israel ezweni lasePalestine. Sakhunjuzwa kaningi ukuthi ekuqaleni "kwenqubo yokuthula" yase-Oslo ngo-1993, kwakukhona abahlali base-Israel abangaba ngu-260,000 abahlala eWest Bank naseMpumalanga yeJerusalema - futhi lelo nani lenyuka laya ku-365,000 ngesikhathi i-Oslo ihlukana phakathi kweminyaka eyisikhombisa kamuva. Namuhla, seziphelile 525,000 abahlali.
Nomaphi lapho uhamba khona eWest Bank, ungabona amadolobhana asePalestine emagqumeni noma ezigodini - kanye nezindawo ezintsha zokuhlala zakwa-Israyeli ezikhazimulayo eziqongweni zamagquma phezulu, ngenxa yohlaza olumangalisayo ngenxa yamanzi amaningi, aphambukisiwe. Ezingxoxweni zase-Oslo, owayengungqongqoshe wezangaphandle kwa-Israyeli ngaleso sikhathi u-Ariel Sharon ucashunwe etshela iqembu elilwela ilungelo ukuthi "ligijime libambe iziqongo zamagquma eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze likhulise izindawo zokuhlala."
Abaningi embuthweni ongenalo udlame wasePalestine nabo abanalo ukholo oluncane kuSigungu Seziphathimandla sasePalestine - ababonwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene njengababuthaka, abakhohlakele, "Isiphathimandla esingenagunya," kanye nozakwethu omncane ekulawuleni umsebenzi. "Sifuna i-Intifada yesithathu, i-Palestinian Authority ifuna ukuyivimba," kusho isishoshovu.
Ukholo lwabo lusekusabalaliseni ukuphikiswa kwabantu abasemazingeni aphansi ePalestine, nokuthola ukwesekwa kwamazwe ngamazwe. Satshelwa ngokuphindaphindiwe: Ngaphandle kwengcindezi yangaphandle ku-Israyeli, ngeke kuphele umsebenzi futhi abukho ubulungisa. Kungakho sonke isishoshovu esingenalo udlame sasePalestine besinxusa ukuthi sisekele ukuduba u-Israyeli okuhloswe ngayo ukuqeda umsebenzi - futhi bagcizelele ukuthi ukuduba kuyinto ephakeme kakhulu okungenasizotha iqhinga.
Konke kufanekisela impumelelo, yokuduba kwamazwe ngamazwe okwaphoqa umbuso wobandlululo waseNingizimu Afrika etafuleni lezingxoxo. Futhi abanye basho enye impumelelo - ukuduba amabhasi aseMontgomery aholwa nguMartin Luther King.
Jeff Cohen wavakashela i-Israel/Palestine njengengxenye yethimba elixhaswe ngu I-Interfaith Peace-Builders futhi Ikomidi lezinkonzo zaseMelika, kodwa imibono evezwe lapha ngeyakhe yedwa. Uphethe i Park Centre for Independent Media e-Ithaca College, lapho enguprofesa ohlangene wobuntatheli. Usungule iqembu lokubuka abezindaba ANO ngo-1986, futhi wasungula iqembu lezishoshovu eziku-inthanethi RootsAction.org e 2011.
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