Umthombo: San Francisco Bay View
UMark Lewis Taylor ubelokhu uprofesa wezenkolo nomphakathi ePrinceton Theological Seminary kusukela ngo-1982. Futhi ungumsunguli we-Educators for Mumia Abu-Jamal (EMAJ), eyaqala ukwaziwa ngokuthi yi-Academics ye-Mumia Abu-Jamal (AMAJ). Ngo-2007, wabhala "20 Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa: Izithombe Zesigcawu Sobugebengu sikaPedro Polakoff” nezintatheli ze-Mumia. Eminyakeni yamuva nje ubesebenza njengomeluleki kaMumia kwezomoya.
Kule ngxoxo entsha, uSolwazi Taylor uhlanganisa izihloko eziningi okuhlanganisa nokuphawula kwakhe siqu kusukela ekulalelweni kwe-PCRA yeJaji Sabo ka-1995-97 (Pennsylvania Post Conviction Relief Act). U-Taylor uphinde abhekane nommeli wesifunda sase-Philadelphia u-Larry Krasner ka-Feb. 3 kafushane afakwe ephikisana nazo zonke izicelo zika-Mumia Abu-Jamal. Ekusekeleni ukugxeka okwenziwe ngaphambilini ngu Pam Africa futhi UDkt. Ricardo Alvarez, uTaylor manje useziphendulela ngokuqhubeka kuka-DA Krasner evikela ukugwetshwa kuka-Mumia ngokungenabulungiswa ngo-1982.
Uma ungakakwenzi lokho, sicela usayine isicelo sethu soMbala Wokushintsha ku-DA Krasner.
Inguqulo efushanisiwe yale nhlolokhono izofakwa ku-Jamal Journal Newspaper Issue #2. Manje siqoqa imali kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMeyi kukho kokubili izindleko zokunyathelisa nezokuposa. Sicela ucabange ukwenza umnikelo lapha.
Jamal Journal: Waqala kanjani ukuzwa ngodaba lukaMumia?
UMark Lewis Taylor: Ngisalukhumbula usuku lwemvula ngo-1994 lapho ngisanda kubuya ehlobo locwaningo futhi ngixhumana namaqembu ezishoshovu zamaMaya eGuatemala, esasizabalaza ngaleso sikhathi njengoba kwase kunesikhathi eside siphikisana nekoloni yaseYurophu, manje ngokumelene neocolonialism yohulumeni abasekelwa yi-US eMelika Ephakathi. . Ngaleso sikhathi salolo hambo lwango-1994 lokubuyela e-US, ngangiphinde ngithathe omunye wemisebenzi yesishoshovu sasejele engake ngayenza ngisho nasekuqaleni kwawo-1970 lapho ngisebenza eVirginia State Penitentiary ngiphenya ngezikhalazo zeziboshwa.
Ngakho-ke phakathi kwakho konke lokhu, endleleni yokungena esitolo sekhofi eNew York City ukuze ngilinde imvula, ngathenga iphephandaba elincanyana elithengiswa inhlangano ephansi yabantu abangenamakhaya - Street News, ngicabanga ukuthi kwakunjalo. Lapho ngafunda ikholamu yami yokuqala ka-Mumia. Nginesiqiniseko sokuthi bekuyi-“War on the Poor,” nayo eyayikhona iqoshwe ngumsakazo wasejele.
Ngemva kwalokho ngaqala ukusebenzisa imibhalo eminingi kaMumia emakilasini asezingeni leziqu. Imibhalo yakhe yaphemba ukucabanga kwabafundi ngepolitiki yokuboshwa, ubuphoyisa kanye nesigwebo sentambo. Nganquma ukuthi uma izikhulu zingase zisayine incwadi egunyaza ukufa ukuze athulise uMumia, “Angikwazanga ukuphila impilo yami njengenjwayelo” (okungenani yilokho engazithola sengizithulisa ngaleso sikhathi).
Kungani leso sinqumo? Ngiyaye ngizibuze ukuthi. Impendulo engiyinikezayo ngeyokuthi ngokuzibophezela ngokuqondile enhlanganweni ukuze iqhubeke iphila futhi idedele uMumia, ngizohileleka ngasikhathi sinye emikhakheni eminingi yezombusazwe yenkululeko. Ngase ngithole kakade ukuthi ukusekela noma yisiphi isiboshwa esiseqenjini leziqhingi zase-US kwakudinga ukwenza konke okusemandleni. Iwukubhekana nohlobo lwalasha lwesidingo somuntu.
Nakuba kuye kwadingeka nginakekele umsebenzi othile wezinye iziboshwa futhi, umsebenzi kaMumia wawunjalo kangangokuthi ngokumsebenzela, ngazizwa ngisebenzela abaningi kakhulu, futhi nasemikhakheni emikhulu yoshintsho kumphakathi kazwelonke nakwamanye amazwe. kanye nenkululeko. (Angikwamukeli ukufiphala kwamanje kwesiko lezemfundo lase-US okubenza bangabaze ukusebenzisa igama elithi “inkululeko,” nakuba ngikholwa ukuthi kufanele silichaze futhi silisebenzise ngokucophelela.)
Njengoba ngangisemsebenzini njengoprofesa wesikhathi esigcwele, emsebenzini wona owawudinga amahora angaphezu kuka-40 ngesonto, ngangidinga ihora ngalinye lomsebenzi wami wokunyakaza “wangaphandle” ukubala ngokwezombangazwe ngendlela engangingacabanga ngayo. Umsebenzi ka-Mumia ukwenze lokho. Yilokho engangikuzwa.
Ngakho, lapho uHulumeni wasePennsylvania uTom Ridge esayina incwadi egunyaza ukufa kukaMumia ngo-1995, ngacela ukusekela kothisha ngoMumia. Ngathola ukuthi abanye othisha abaningi bebesebenzisa imibhalo kaMumia. Futhi nabo bakuthola kungenakubekezelelwa ukubulawa kwakhe. Umshini wami wefeksi kanye nebhokisi lokungenayo le-imeyili kuqhume izimpendulo ezivela kozakwethu abafuna ukuya emsebenzini.
Kwaqala kanjalo-ke iminyaka yomzabalazo ukuthola izindlela zokwakha othisha enhlanganweni enkulu ye-Mumia eholwa yi-International Concerned Family and Friends of Mumia Abu-Jamal. Sathatha iminyaka yokuhlela izingqungquthela zabezindaba, izikhangiso zamaphephandaba kanye nokufuna ezinye izindlela zokwakha amagalelo othisha embuthweni omkhulu.
Ngokushesha sakhipha izikhangiso ku-Philadelphia Daily News, sibambe izingqungquthela zabezindaba e-Philadelphia. Kwakungumzabalazo, futhi sasivame ukuntengantenga, siba matasa kakhulu ngemihlangano yezemfundo kanye neminutiae, nokuthuthuka komsebenzi nokunye. Kodwa izikhathi zethu zomzabalazo zaya phambili, futhi siyaqhubeka. Umkhankaso wethu omkhulu wesikhangiso ufinyelele umvuthwandaba ngekhasi eligcwele langeSonto New York Times esigabeni esithi “Iviki Lokubuyekeza” ku Kwangathi 2000. Ngakho, saqalwa.
JJ: Kungani unqume ukuhambela amacala e-PCRA ka-1995 phambi kweJaji u-Albert Sabo?
I-MLT: Hhayi-ke, angikhumbuli “ukunquma,” ngempela. Kwakuyisigaba esidingekayo somsebenzi wokunyakaza ngaleso sikhathi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kwakunokuphuthuma emoyeni njengoba u-Gov. Ridge wayenikeze u-Mumia usuku lokubulawa. Sahlanganyela nabaningi ababehlelwe yiPam Africa ukuba bagcwale enkantolo. Angisakhumbuli ukuthi obani bonke phakathi kothisha ababekhona. Nginesiqiniseko sokuthi iCornel West yayikhona (okuningi kulokho ngezansi). Kwakukhona abanye othisha base-Philadelphia ababeqhubekele phambili emikhankasweni yethu yezikhangiso kanye nezingqungquthela zabezindaba, okungenzeka ukuthi babekhona: Achille Mbembe, E. Ann Matter, U-Ann Farnsworth-Alvear, UFarah Jasmine Griffin (bobane, bese kuba-UPENN), futhi I-Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak e-Columbia University.
Cornel West, Angela Y Davis futhi UManning Marable ngase ngivele ngiphambili emzabalazweni kaMumia kudala ngaphambi kwami. Basekela i-EMAJ (Othisha be-Mumia Abu-Jamal) ngezindlela eziwusizo kakhulu. UManning Marable wake wangitshela, ngokwesibonelo, “Ngaso sonke isikhathi sebenzisa igama lami ukuze usekele imicimbi yakho.” Anginaso isiqiniseko sokuthi u-Davis no-Marable bebesezigcawini ze-PCRA noma cha. UMarable e-Columbia wayenguthisha ofundisayo kaDkt. Johanna Fernández owathatha izindima eziningi zobuholi ku-EMAJ futhi manje uxhumanisa umkhankaso wokuthi Letha uMumia Ekhaya.
Ngikhumbula kakhulu ngalezo zingxoxo ze-PCRA: I-Pam Africa ne-MOVE ihlela ukuhlala enkantolo kanye nemibuthano ngaphandle, u-Mumia engena enkantolo ngamaketango futhi wasibingelela ngesibhakela esiphakanyisiwe, futhi abameli baka-Mumia bedonsa intukuthelo yeJaji u-Albert Sabo.
JJ: Ucabangani ngencazelo kaKiilu Nyasha yenkantolo kaSabo endabeni yakhe, “Fakaza ku-Lynching"?
I-MLT: Ngisathola ukuthi umbhalo kaNyasha unemba, ikakhulukazi ekuchazeni kwawo izimiso ezijwayelekile zokululaza nokwesabisa iJaji uSabo aligxibha futhi lavumela abashushisi ukuba bafake isicelo sokuqulwa kwecala. Mina ngokwami angizange ngimbone uSabo evuma ngekhanda, kodwa wagijima enkantolo njengejaji “elilengayo” eladuma kabi elalithumele abanye abantu baseFiladelfiya abaningi ohlotsheni lwentambo kanye nezigwebo ezinde zasejele ngokuziphatha okucwasa ngokwebala abaningi bethu asebekugxekile isikhathi eside. Ngisho nezintatheli ezisebenzela izindawo zezindaba ezisunguliwe ePhiladelphia zakubona lokhu kuchema ukuthi kuyasebenza.
Kwesinye isikhathi uke ufise sengathi ngabe uSabo ngabe azumeke kakhulu. Okwakucasula kakhulu ukuphika kwakhe njalo iziphakamiso zabameli bakaMumia kanye nokuqinisekisa kwakhe ukuphikisa kwabashushisi. U-Sabo wayezophinde akhulume amazwi aphikisayo mayelana nosizi luka-Mumia, acishe amgcone ngokubhekisela osukwini olulindile lokubulawa kwakhe.
Ngikhumbula kwelinye lamacala angaphambili, lapho imigilingwane ka-Sabo yayimbi kakhulu, njengoba enza izinkulumo eziningi ezibonisa ukucwasa ngokwebala futhi ephethe inkantolo yabashushisi yohlangothi olulodwa. Ngangihlezi eceleni kukaDkt. Cornel West, kwase kuthi ngesikhathi esebenza okokuqala eHarvard. Ngesinye isikhathi ngemva kokuphawula kukaSabo, uCornel wagingqika esihlalweni sakhe waheyiza kakhulu, “Mississippi 1955!”
Kuze kube sekugcineni ukuqulwa kwamacala lapho u-Sabo agcina ehoxile futhi wakhipha isinqumo sokubulala, ngenxa yemihlangano emikhulu eyayise-Philadelphia enkantolo ngaleso sikhathi kanye nokuba khona enkantolo kwezicukuthwane ezibalulekile. Use usuku lokuhlala, ngicabanga ukuthi inhlangano isize ukuba kube khona kukaMfundisi uJesse Jackson enkantolo phakathi kwabalandeli abaningi baka-Mumia. Ukuhlala kwafika phakathi nokuqulwa kwamacala kamuva kwe-PCRA ngo-1995, ngempela kusasele izinsuku eziyi-10 kusukela ngosuku lokubulawa ngo-August.
JJ: Ngenxa yokuhlangenwe nakho kwakho lapho ubuka u-Sabo, ithini impendulo yakho ku-DA Krasner ka-Feb. 3, 2021, kafushane lapho ebeka khona isitembu sakhe sokugunyaza kuzo zonke izinqumo ezithathwa yiJaji uSabo ekuqulweni kwecala lango-1982 kanye nokuqulwa kwecala kwakamuva kwe-PCRA?
I-MLT: Nokho, u-Krasner kufanele azi ukuthi izintatheli zesikhungo e-Philadelphia zazini: Wonke amagumbi asenkantolo ka-Sabo abonisa okungenani amathuba okucwasa ngokobuhlanga kanye namazwana amaningi anikeza ubufakazi obucacile bokucwasa ngokwebala. U-Krasner uyazi futhi ukuthi ibha yokubekezelela ubandlululo ezinkantolo ibekwe phansi kakhulu. Le "bha ephansi" iqinisekiswe izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, ecaleni lika-1986 ( Batson v. Kentucky) kanye necala lika-2008 ( Snyder v. Louisiana ).
Lokhu kusho ukuthi inani elincane kakhulu lokucwasa ngokwebala ngokuvamile liyisizathu sokuthatha isinqumo esivuna abamangalelwa. Elinye ijaji lenkantolo yesifunda e-US, uThomas Ambro weThird Circuit, licabange ukuthi leli cala eliphansi kufanele lidluliselwe eMumia, ngokuhambisana nesandulela esiqinisekiswe icala likaSnyder emasontweni ambalwa edlule. (Bheka ukuphikisa kuka-Ambro encwadini ethi Abu-Jamal v. Horn et al, p. 78.)
Kodwa endabeni kaMumia, ovame ukuphoqwa ukuthi asebenze ngaphansi kwalokho uLinn Washington akubize ngokuthi “I-Mumia Exception,” umgomo wokufakazela ukucwasa ngokwebala wabekwa phezulu kangangokuthi akavunyelwanga ngalokho abhekane nakho. UKrasner akabonisi intshisekelo yokwehlisa ibha ephakanyiswe ngokungafanele ngokumelene no-Mumia. Ukuqhubekisela phambili ukusebenza kombuso kulokho okuhlukile kuwukwehluleka ukuba umshushisi “wabantu” basePhiladelphia.
UKrasner unomkhuba wokucaphuna “amanye amacala amaningi angokomthetho afana nelikaMumia” kanye “nezinye izinkinga nezinkinga eziningi” afuna ukuzilungisa ngokuqhubekayo. Yena kanye nabalandeli bakhe bavame ukukhuluma sengathi u-Krasner akakwazi ukuqhubeka nalolu hlelo "oluqhubekayo", lokuthi udinga ukubambisana kwamaphoyisa ngezinga elithile ukuze enze izinguquko zakhe futhi akakwazi ukuzihlukanisa.
Umbono uthi uma eqhubeka nokuphonsela inselelo iFOP (Fraternal Order of Police), njengokuphishekela amacala avuna uMumia, amaphoyisa asePhiladelphia kanye namanye amandla ezombusazwe azovimba i-ajenda yakhe enkulu yoshintsho. Kungase kubonakale sengathi u-Krasner udela u-Mumia “ukuze azuze lukhulu.” Kufana nokuthi kunesivumelwano esingashiwongo ne-FOP u-Krasner asitholayo sokwenza izinguquko ezinhle, inqobo nje uma engenzi lutho olungaholela enkululekweni ka-Mumia.
Ngiphakamisa, nokho, ukuthi ngalolu hlobo lwendlela, u-Krasner uzifaka engcupheni yokulahlekelwa ngisho nezinzuzo zakhe ezinesizotha neziphelele maqondana namanye amacala nezindaba ezingokomthetho. Khumbula, u-Mumia nokufa kwakhe kuseyinhloso ephelele ye-FOP. U-Mumia uhlala “eyisitha sokuqala” se-FOP.
Uma u-Krasner engayiphonseli inselelo i-FOP emgqeni wabo wempi omenyezelwe ukuthi uphambili kakhulu - ku-Mumia Abu-Jamal - kusho ukuthi ngempela akakaphonseli inselelo i-FOP. Angase azuze ezinye zesikhathi esifushane zokushushisa “okuqhubekayo,” futhi ngempela usekwenzile, kodwa akakawaphonseli inselelo amandla ombuso afuna ukubulala u-Mumia futhi anqobe umbuso ovukela umbuso nonobuntu owengeziwe i-Mumia. ukulwa.
JJ: Ezihlokweni zabo zakamuva zephephandaba i-SF Bay View, zombili Pam Africa futhi UDkt. Ricardo Alvarez gxeka ikhasi lesi-5 lombiko ka-Feb. 3 lapho uKrasner egunyaza uhlobo lwamaphoyisa olusemthethweni lokuboshwa kuka-Mumia ngokubhala ukuthi u-Mumia “unqabile ukuboshwa” futhi “wenqaba ukuhamba” esibhedlela. UDkt. Alvarez uyabhala: “Ukucabanga ukuthi uMumia wamelana ngobudlova nokuboshwa wabe esevuma akulungile, kungase kutholakale kalula njengephutha, futhi kuwuhlobo oluthile lokulimala oluphika ubuntu bukaMumia.” Ithini impendulo yakho kulesi sigaba sika-Krasner ka-Feb. 3 kafushane?
I-MLT: Nokho, ngicabanga ukuthi bobabili u-Pam Africa kanye no-Ricardo Alvarez bawenza kahle amacala abo ngokuphika lawa maphuzu njengoba evela kafushane ka-Krasner. Futhi, izimangalo zikaPam noRicardo ziye zagcizelelwa izikhathi eziningi ngabameli abambalwa bakaMumia.
Okunye okuphathelene nokuphikisa kuka-Krasner lawa maphuzu ukuthi, ngokwazi kwami, nakuba kafushane kwakhe kungathuli abalingiswa abasha noma izehlakalo ekubukeni kwabashushisi ngobugebengu, uyayichaza kabusha indaba ngezindlela ezincane kodwa ezibalulekile. Kafushane, iHhovisi le-DA aliyilungisi indaba entsha, kodwa isimo sokuboshwa siyalungiswa ukuze kugcizelelwe izaba eziningi esizithola manje emaphoyiseni aphethe ababhikishi noma abeka izizathu zokubulala kwabo abantu abamnyama, abaNsundu kanye nabomdabu e-US Ingabe lolu limi akuzwakali lujwayelekile – “ukumelana nokuboshwa,” “bengeke bahambe” noma “bebezama ukuthola isibhamu”? Lolu limi luhambisana nemizamo yombuso wamanje yokulungisa nokuchaza ukushaywa kwamaphoyisa nokubulawa kwababhikishi nabanye.
Amaphoyisa namanje abengakanikezi i-akhawunti ngebhethri elibonakalayo u-Mumia alithola ezandleni zamaphoyisa ngesikhathi eboshwa. U-Mumia washaywa kanzima, kusho udadewabo, uLydia, kangangokuthi akazange ambone. U-Mumia ulandise ukuthi, ngemva kokudutshulwa, waphinde washaywa kanjani futhi waphonswa esigxotsheni selambu lomgwaqo. Kungenzeka ukuthi washaywa kakhulu ngemuva kwenqola ye-paddy eya esibhedlela ngaphambi kokulahlwa phansi kwe-ER yayo. Esikhundleni sokucabangela noma yikuphi kwalokhu ngangokunokwenzeka, imibono ka-Krasner kafushane mayelana noMumia “ethola isibhamu” iphoyisa elinguShoemaker elibika ukuthi libone “amasentimitha angu-XNUMX ukusuka esandleni sikaMumia?”
UKrasner uyazi Amaphoyisa atholwe eqamba amanga futhi naye ngokwakhe ukhulume ngamanga ngamaphoyisa kanye nobufakazi obungamanga. Ngakho, kungani ungababheki njengabaqamba amanga ngale ndaba? Lo mbiko uthi uMumia "wayenqaba ukuboshwa" futhi kubikwa ukuthi "wenqabile ukuhamba"? Lolu limi luyafundeka futhi luzwakala kuleyo ngxenye yomphakathi - namanje abaningi kakhulu - labo namuhla bangena ezingxoxweni zamaphoyisa ezenzelwe ukulungisa udlame lwamaphoyisa olunobandlululo.
JJ: Uma sibuyela esihlokweni sokuqothulwa kwezilwane, ucabangani ngokugomela kukaPam Africa kokuthi amaphoyisa azame ukubulala uMumia ekuseni ngo-December 9, 1981?
I-MLT: Bheka-ke, siyazi ukuthi intatheli esencane u-Abu-Jamal yathola izinsongo ezivela emaphoyiseni kudala ngaphambi kokuba ayithole onqenqemeni lweNtethe nangomhla ka-13 ekuseni ngalolo suku lwasekuseni ngo-1981. : Indaba ka-Mumia Abu-Jamal,” icaphuna izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa lapho amaphoyisa ase-Philadelphia ayeshayela kancane u-Mumia ekhombisa isibhamu esikhonjiwe futhi enyakazisa umunwe wesibhamu, njengokungathi bamqondise ekubulaleni.
Ukuhlasela kwamaphoyisa ngo-1981 ku-Mumia kwenzeka kahle ngemva kokuba u-Mumia engasebenzi kuma-Panthers kuphela, kodwa nangemuva kokuba ebhale edalula imikhuba yamaphoyisa emelene ne-MOVE nezinye izakhamuzi nangemuva kokuba ephonsele inselelo umbuso osekela i-Rizzo. Ngakho-ke, ngemva kwakho konke lokhu, ukuthola u-Mumia esengozini futhi wadutshulwa onqenqemeni lomgwaqo ngoDisemba 9 kwakuyithuba lokuhlasela amaphoyisa awakwazanga ukuliyeka.
Futhi yebo, ukushaya u-Mumia njengoba benza ngalolo suku ekuseni kuyafaneleka njengomzamo wokudlwengula. Uma sikhumbula umlando we-lynching, siyazi ukuthi lezo zenzo azenziwanga kuphela yizixuku zezakhamizi jikelele. Abahlanganyeli be-Lynching bahlanganisa nezikhulu ezifana namaphoyisa, abameli, ngisho namajaji nabefundisi bendawo, ababegqoke izingubo zaseKlan noma ezinye izinto zokufihla. Futhi abanye bazizwa benesibindi sokuvela futhi bathwebule izithombe ezizayo ngaphandle kokucasha nakancane!
Impela, mhlawumbe ukushaya kwasekuseni bekungenaso isimo sokubukwa “sokushiswa nokulenga” ababenakho, kodwa ngokuqinisekile, uma wengeza ekuqulweni kwecala kuka-Mumia kamuva kwasesidlangalaleni kanye nesigwebo sentambo, umsebenzi wokuphatha kuka-Mumia ngesihluku lokho kwe-lynching. I-Lynching e-USA, njengokubethelwa esiphambanweni eRoma kwakuhloswe njengohlobo lwesimemezelo senkonzo yomphakathi kwabampofu futhi bacindezelwa: "Yenza njengalona olenga phambi kwakho manje, futhi nalokhu kuzoba isiphetho sakho!"
JJ: Ucabangani ngesicelo seMedical Professionals for Mumia esibhalwe ngokuhlanganyela nguDkt. Alvarez?
I-MLT: Isicelo bekuyinto enhle ukuyibona. Okuningi, ngicabanga, yindlela iqembu, "Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha baseMumia” ihlanganisa unembeza wabasebenzi abaqeqeshwe ngokwezokwelapha ukuze babhekane nenqwaba yezinkinga zezempilo ezibangelwa ukwanda kwezibalo zababuthaka nabadala ababoshiwe nangezindlela ukubusa kwabamhlophe okusebenza ngayo emsebenzini nasezikhungweni zezempilo zase-US. Imfundo ephakeme ye-Elite ivame ukugcwala izimo nezinqubo zokuthi abamhlophe abamhlophe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uDkt. Ricardo athathe ubumeli futhi asebenzele u-Mumia emsebenzini wakhe. Kunjalo, uye waba iqhaza ukunyakaza ezinkulu ezihlukahlukene. Kodwa umbono wakhe wemvelo ulungile, kimina, ukuzama ukuhlanganisa inhlangano ebanzi ka-Mumia kanye nazo zonke iziboshwa zezombusazwe kanye nababoshiwe emsebenzini ahlala kuwo. Ngicabanga ukuthi sonke sidinga ukuzama into enjengale kunoma yiziphi izindawo zethu zokusebenza. Akuwona wonke umuntu ongathatha umsebenzi wokunyakaza awufake emhlabeni wabo womsebenzi, ezindaweni zabo zansuku zonke zokuqashwa. Ngiyakwazi lokho. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuzama lapho singakwazi khona.
I-reflex yethu yokuqala ye-Educators for Mumia kwakuwukuhlanganisa ukunyakaza okubanzi emsebenzini wokufundisa wansuku zonke wothisha, kanye nokwenza othisha bakwazi ukubamba iqhaza futhi basekele umsebenzi omkhulu wenhlangano kazwelonke nowomhlaba wonke. Ngakho-ke, ngibheka incwadi yezikhalazo kanye nombono wayo njengentuthuko ethokozisayo njengoba ifuna ukuthatha ukukhathazeka komnyakazo wethu kumkhakha wezokwelapha.
JJ: Ubufakazi obumaphakathi obucashunwe yisikhalazo sethu seColor of Change esiya ku-DA Krasner ukuhlolwa kwe-ballistics ka-2010 okwenziwa ngu-Dave Lindorff no-Linn Washington, lapho bephethe khona ngokuthi “yonke indaba yabashushisi yokubulawa kwephoyisa ngendlela eyabulawa u-Abu-Jamal izobonakala iwumqansa wecala, eliphelele ngofakazi abaqeqeshiwe, abaqamba amanga, bubukela phansi ubuqotho nokungakhethi kwalo lonke icala.” I-Pam Africa manje isikhishiwe inselelo yomphakathi kubo bobabili uMichael Smerconish kanye no-DA Krasner ukuze bazame futhi baphikise iziphetho zohlolo lwango-2010. Ucabanga ukuthi zibaluleke kangakanani iziphetho zokuhlolwa kuka-Lindorff no-Washington?
I-MLT: Kubaluleke kakhulu ngempela. Nazi izintatheli ezimbili eziphenyayo ezilaziyo icala ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Akekho kubo ongachithwa njengommeli ongenalwazi ongase akhiphe ngokushesha izimangalo ezingenabo ubufakazi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, bobabili banolwazi olunzulu ngemibhalo yesilingo. U-Linn Washington ubhale futhi wacwaninga ngaleli cala ngokuqhubekayo kusukela evakashele indawo yesigameko lingakapheli ihora lesigameko. U-Dave Lindorff ubhale ukuhlaziya okunemininingwane, ubude bencwadi kanye nokulunga kwalo lonke icala. Futhi lapha, kuvidiyo yokuhlolwa kwabo kwebhola lika-2010, baphakamisa imibuzo enzima mayelana nobuqiniso bezinsolo zokushushiswa kokuthi u-Mumia wama phezu kwePhoyisa uFaulkner elele ngomhlane wamdubula ngesibhamu ekhanda nezinye izibhamu zashaya eceleni komgwaqo. Ngakho-ke inselele kaPam ilungile. Vumela u-DA Krasner kanye nenhloko yabezindaba ekhuluma uSmerconish baphendule kuvidiyo.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-ballistics ye-Lindorff-Washington kujoyina ezinye izinhlobo zobufakazi obusobala obudinga ukubuyekezwa ngendlela yokunaka abezindaba kanye nokubuyekezwa okwanele kokwahlulela. Phakathi kwalawa mafomu ngingahlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo: (a) impikiswano yokuchema ngobuhlanga ekukhethweni kwejaji eyavela ngamakhasethi okuqeqesha umshushisi uJack McMahon eluleka abashushisi abasebasha mayelana nokuthi kufanele bavinjwe kanjani futhi nini abaNsundu emajajini, (b) KaVeronica Jones ka-1996 ukuhoxisa kwakhe ngokucindezelwa amaphoyisa ukuba aqambele u-Mumia amanga ekuqulweni kwecala lokuqala lango-1982 kanye (c) nencwadi efungelwe yombhali wenkantolo eyathi ngesikhathi kuqulwa icala wezwa iJaji Sabo elalidume ngokucwasa ngokwebala likhuluma ngaphandle kwenkantolo kwelinye igumbi, “Yebo, nami ngizobasiza bathose i-n***er." Ezinye zalezi zibuyekezwe ngokushesha ngaphansi kokubuyekezwa kwezomthetho, ezinye azinakwa nhlobo.
Alukho kulezi zinhlobo zobufakazi ngo-Mumia oluzobona ukukhanya kwelanga, ingasaphathwa eyokuthola ukubuyekezwa okubucayi ngaphandle kwengcindezi yomphakathi. Futhi yingakho inselelo kaPam ku-Krasner no-Smerconish ekuhlolweni kwe-ballistics ibaluleke kakhulu.
JJ: Ake sishintshele ekubhekeni indima yakho njengomeluleki wokomoya ka-Mumia. Yini ongasitshela yona ngalokho? Bekulokhu kuthintana kanjani no-Mumia ezinyangeni ezedlule, kusukela i-COVID kanye nokuxilongwa kwe-congestive heart failure ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari bese ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo ngo-April?
I-MLT: Yebo, ngangivakashele u-Mumia cishe kanye ngenyanga, ngokuvamile ngivakasha isikhathi esingamahora angu-3-4, iminyaka emine ngaphambi kokufika kobhubhane lwe-COVID. Ngambona ngoJanuwari 2020, futhi angibange ngivakashelwe kwaze kwaba yilapho ngivakashelwa ngevidiyo ngo-2021.
Ngokusobala, ngiyayazisa yonke iminithi yanoma yikuphi ukuvakasha no-Mumia, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngizifikela mathupha noma ngevidiyo (kukhawulelwe yi-DOC ukuya emizuzwini engama-45). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngizama ukwenza ukuvakasha kubalwe kunhlangano, ngokwenza kube lula ukuxhumana phakathi kukaMumia namanye amalungu omndeni kanye nenhlangano uma ngikwazi.
Ngavakashela ngevidiyo kanye naye, phakathi nesikhathi sokuxilongwa kwe-COVID, kanye nokuya kwakhe esibhedlela ukuze ahlinzwe. Kujabulisa kakhulu ukuzwa “uMumia” “enyamalala,” njengoba anyamalala lapho eyohlinzwa inhliziyo. Ukuphika umndeni wakhe nabangane - kanye nomeluleki wezokwelapha wangaphandle - ulwazi lokuthi ukuphi kwandisa ukuhlukumezeka kwezempilo kuwo wonke umuntu. Lokhu kuyingxenye yodlame lombuso olubhekiswe kwababoshiwe kanye nemindeni yabo, umbuso ofuna ukukuthethelela ngokukhathazeka kwawo “ngokuphepha.”
Ngafaka ikhola yongqongqoshe ngabheka izibhedlela eziseduze ngagcina ngiqinisekisa ukuthi ulaliswe kuphi. Kodwa-ke, mina noma uDkt. Ricardo Alvarez, engangixhumana naye ngalokhu, abazange banikezwe noma yiluphi uhlobo lokufinyelela (ngisho nangocingo). Mina no-Ricardo sathumela ukuxhumana esibhedlela, sinxusa izikhulu ezisiphethe ukuba zivale amaketanga e-Mumia futhi zivule konke ukuxhumana okudingekile phakathi kukaMumia nomndeni wakhe kanye nabasekeli ababalulekile.
Asitholanga lutho ngaphandle kokwenqatshwa konogada basesibhedlela ukuthi uMumia wayelapho. Ngemva kokufonelwa isikhathi eside ejele, ihhovisi lombusi kanye nesibhedlela, ngathola ucingo olufushane oluvela kummeli okhethekile we-PA DOC (uMnyango Wezokuhlunyeleliswa Kwezimilo ePennsylvania) ethi abameli bakhe babezoqinisekisa ukuthi uMumia wayeshayela umkakhe ucingo imizuzu engu-15 ngosuku. Lokho kwenzeka, njengoba ngikuqonda, ngoba abameli ababili bakaMumia, uBret Grote noBob Boyle, bacindezela izikhulu ze-DOC.
Angiyibheki indima “yomeluleki komoya” ejele njengengxenye eyinhloko yokuhlanganyela amazwi avela emibhalweni engcwele noma ukudlulisela ukuhlakanipha kwezenkolo ngakunye. Mhlawumbe ikhona indawo yalokho ngezikhathi lapho icelwa yiziboshwa. Kodwa khumbula, umqondo othi “umoya” ezilimini eziningi ubhekisela ekuphefumuleni, ekuphefumuleni okwenza ukuphila. Ukusebenza umoya, ukwenza umoya kube lula, ke, ukuvula iziqephu ezivumela impilo ukuthi yenzeke futhi ikhule. Ngalowo mqondo, ukukhuthaza ukuxhumana kanye nokuvula imigudu phakathi kuka-Mumia nomndeni wakhe, abangani bakhe kanye nabameleli bakhe abadingekayo - konke lokhu kuwumsebenzi womoya njengoba futhi kuwumsebenzi omkhulu, ngokuvamile kuwuhlobo lwenqubo yezombusazwe.
Izinkolo ezaziwayo zamakoloni kanye nama-imperialists ziye zafaka njalo kubantu umqondo wokuthi umoya ngandlela-thile uphambene nomzimba. Eqinisweni, umoya uwukuphila komzimba, ukuphila okuvuselela umzabalazo wethu wokukhulula yonke indalo ebonakalayo ehlushwa ukucindezelwa nokungabi nabulungisa.
JJ: U-Mumia nomsebenzi wakho naye kuhlobana kanjani nentshisekelo yakho yokufunda “kumoya okhululayo?”
I-MLT: Nokho, njengoba umbuzo wakho ubonisa, uyazi ukuthi ngiwuchazile lo mbono “womoya okhululayo” kwenye indawo, njengasemidlalweni yami. iwebhusayithi. Umoya wokukhulula udala izindlela ezikhululayo zokuba phakathi kwezakhiwo zomhlaba kanye nezendawo kanye nangesikhathi semikhuba yansuku zonke esilimazayo, ecekela phansi isintu nomhlaba - ecindezelayo. Umoya okhululayo ubiza indlela yokuba "yezombangazwe" ngomqondo obanzi wokubandakanya amandla asibusayo. Kuyimpilo yezinto ezibonakalayo edonsa kanzima futhi elwa, ukwenza izinto ngobuhlakani ngokusebenzisa ubuciko obuningi futhi sigqugquzele umphakathi omusha ngokuzinza okungaphezi, ukuqina emigudwini yethu yezenhlalo ukuze siguqule izimpilo zethu ngokumelene nesifunda esicindezelayo.
Ngicabanga ukuthi e-US ukuhlanganyela kwami emsebenzini we-Mumia kube yindlela yokubona nokuzwa “umoya okhululayo” ukuze ngisebenze ngomqondo ogcwele ngokugcwele. Cabanga ukuthi zingaki izinkinga zezepolitiki kanye nezinhlaka okuhlangatshezwana nazo ngenhlangano ye-Mumia. Ubukhosi base-US abamhlophe obahlukumezile base bukhula ngamandla emva kobugqila obakha uhlelo lonxiwankulu base-US - kahle-hle, u-Mumia ubhala ngendlela ekhumbulayo futhi eyandulela konke lokho. Ubelokhu egxeka kakhulu ukugadwa kanye nombuso wamaphoyisa ophoqelela ukuhlukaniswa kwabasebenzi futhi uvikele ukubusa kwenkunzi.
Uke waba ngumkhulumeli womhlaba - "umama womhlaba" njengoba ebhala nge-MOVE - umhlaba osondla sonke. Ubhale ikilasi lami ngokuphawula okukhethekile ngokusulwa njalo kobuholi besifazane ezinhlanganweni zobuKristu nezinye zenkolo zabakhi bamakoloni nabakhi bombuso. Uyaphupha, abhale futhi asebenzele ikusasa elingenayo imibuso kanye nonxiwankulu kanye “nokubuya kwemvelo” kanye “nokwenhlalakahle nemvelo” yangempela. (Lezi zigaba zokugcina zivela emsebenzini wombhali mina no-Mumia esimjabulelayo, UJohn Bellamy Foster.)
Lokhu kugcwala komzabalazo okhululayo, ezindabeni eziningi kangaka futhi ngokumelene nezinhlaka eziningi zokuphikisa, kubonakala kusukela ngesikhathi sekholomu yokuqala ka-Mumia kuya emibhalweni yakhe yakamuva. Bona isibonelo iqoqo elihlelwe ngu-Johanna Fernández ku- “Ukubhala Olubongweni.” Phawula ububanzi bokukhathazeka okuvezwe encwadini enemiqulu emithathu ethi Mumia eyabhalwa noStephen Vittoria, “Ukubulawa Kuhlanganisiwe.” Futhi, umuntu oyedwa akakwazi ukuthatha zonke lezo zimfuno "zomoya okhululayo" zomcabango nokwenza, kodwa ukusebenzela ukunyakaza kwe-Mumia Abu-Jamal kuwukuzithola usemsebenzini, ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile ezinseleleni eziningi ezibalulekile zesikhathi sethu. . Lesi ngesinye sezizathu zokuthi noma ngingeke ngikwazi ukuzibandakanya ezenzweni eziningi zenhlangano ye-Mumia, ngihlale ngethula abafundi bami ku-Mumia kanye nenhlangano.
Ake ngenze isibonelo esisodwa sendlela labo abazabalaza kanye no-Mumia ababa nomthelela ngayo kwabanye. Ekuvakasheni kwami ngevidiyo okwenzeka phakathi nokuxilongwa kwe-COVID ka-Mumia kanye nokuhlinzwa kwakhe kwenhliziyo, wangitshela indlela athinteke ngayo ngokujule ngamazwi avela kudokotela wakhe omusha wasejele, uDkt. Baddick. Lowo dokotela wayefunde eka-Federal District Jaji Robert Mariani isinqumo evuna u-Mumia ngo-2017, okwamvumela ukuthi elashwe ngemithi elwa namagciwane ekuthelelekeni kwakhe nge-Hepatitis C. U-Mumia ngosizo lokunyakaza kanye nomsebenzi wezomthetho akazange nje asindiswe, kodwa kukhona okunye okwenzekayo. Njengoba uDkt. Baddick asho kuMumia: “Usindise izinkulungwane zezinye izimpilo.” (Impela, i-Missouri ingesinye nje isifunda lapho ngiqonda khona ukuthi udaba luka-Mumia lokwelapha i-Hepatitis selokhu lwaba yisibonelo kwezinye iziboshwa eziningi).
Enguqulweni ebuyekeziwe yomsebenzi wami ka-2015, “UNkulunkulu Obethelwe” (397-450), incwadi engayinikezela kuMumia, ngengeza isahluko esisha sokugcina esikhuluma ngoMumia, ngichaza ukubaluleka kwayo. Ngaboleka umbono womgxeki we-Marxist u-Walter Benjamin mayelana “nesigebengu esikhulu” ukuze ngichaze ukuthi isimo esisabekayo nesicindezelayo ngokuvamile senza izibalo ezithile zibe “izigebengu ezinkulu”. Lokhu bakwenza ukuze babafake amadimoni ngokugcwele, ngoba umbuso ubabona njengabasabisayo ngokukhethekile, abakwazi ukuveza udlame olwasungulwa umbuso futhi baqhubekisele phambili ukuvukela umbuso nokuvukela umbuso.
Yingakho umzabalazo kaMumia ube nzima. Yingakho futhi umzabalazo we-Mumia uhlala udingeka kakhulu: i-Mumia iveza udlame lombuso futhi ihlomisa ukumelana kwethu nakho okuphelele.
I-Jamal Journal ishicilelwe yi-International Concerned Family and Friends of Mumia Abu-Jamal. Vakashela www.jamaljournal.com.
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