Umthombo: I-Independent Media Institute
Inkulumo-ze yeqembu mayelana nokungathenjwa kokhetho yayimbi kakhulu ngo-2021 kunangesikhathi sokhetho lukamongameli lwango-2020, lapho uDonald Trump ethi wawina futhi wasusa udweshu e-US Capitol ukuvimba ukuqinisekiswa kokunqoba kukaJoe Biden, ngokusho kwabaqondisi bokhetho bezifundazwe abesaba ukuthi ngo-2022. ukhetho luzobona ukujula kokungahloniphi ekulahlekelweni amakhandidethi e-GOP.
"U-2021 wawumubi kakhulu kuno-2020," kusho uMqondisi Wezokhetho waseMinnesota UDavid Maeda, ekhuluma kwezokuphepha zokhetho webinar eHubert Humphrey School of Public Affairs eNyuvesi yaseMinnesota. "Amazinga okushisa kusukela ngo-2020 aqhubekile futhi aba mabi kakhulu ... [futhi] alokhu akhula ngenxa yakho konke ukungathembeki okuvela kulolu lwazi olungalungile, nemibuzo mayelana nokuphepha nokungenzeleli kwezinhlelo zethu zokuvota."
Lokho kukhathazeka kunanelwe yizikhulu eziphezulu zamanje nezakudala ezivela Colorado, Virginia, Kanye I-U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, abalandise ngezimpendulo zabo kodwa bacaphuna okusha, okuhlanganisa nokuqhubekayo izinsongo ezikhulwini zokhetho ngabasekeli bakaTrump kanye nokuphuma kwalezo zikhulu nabasebenzi bokuvota.
“Abahambisani namaqiniso, kusobala. Babhekene nemizwa, ”kusho uChris Piper, owayengukhomishana wokhetho eVirginia, uGov. Glenn Youngkin, waseRiphabhulikhi amqoke ngokuwa kokugcina, muva nje. ishintshiwe nge Susan Beals. “Ngingakunikeza wonke amaqiniso emhlabeni, kodwa uma ukuchema kwakho kungukuthi ‘ukhetho alunampatho,’ khona-ke amaqiniso azosiza ukuqinisa icala labo [lephutha].”
Kepha umkhuba owodwa ongashiwongo yizisebenzi zikahulumeni kuwebhusayidi kaMashi 17 ukuthi inqwaba yabantu abenqaba ukhetho lwango-2020 basemavotini ayinhloko ka-2022, lapho belwela khona ukuba yilowo oqokelwe ukungenela ukhetho kwiRiphabhulikhi. umbusi, ummeli jikelele futhi unobhala wombuso. Kulo Meyi noJuni, cishe izifunda ezingama-30 izobamba ukhetho oluyisisekelo, okuhlanganisa nalawa mahhovisi ombuso wonke.
“Ukukubeka kalula, ikusasa lokhetho olunobulungiswa, oluchwepheshile nolungenalo uhlangothi lisemgqeni,” kusho a umbiko wokuphela konyaka ka-2021 elandele umthetho omelene nabavoti ezifundazweni ezingu-41 ezikhiqizwe yi-United States United, Law Forward and Protect Democracy, wonke amaqembu asekela ukhetho olubandakanyayo nolunembile.
Ngo-Mashi, I-United States Action ishicilele umbiko okhathaza kakhulu, “Ukushintsha iRefs,” lokho kubonise ukuthi inkambiso yangemva kuka-2020 yamaRiphabhulikhi asekela uTrump efuna umthetho wokuvota onemingcele eshintshile yaba inqwaba yabantu abenqaba ukhetho abangenela izikhundla zezwe. Kusukela ngoMashi 1, bekukhona “okungenani abangama-53 abaphika ukhetho” egijimela umbusi ezifundazweni ezingama-24, “okungenani abangama-11 abaphika ukhetho” elwela ummeli omkhulu ezifundazweni eziyi-11, kanye “okungenani abangama-22 abaphika ukhetho” engenela isikhundla sokuba ngunobhala wezwe ezifundazweni ezingu-18.
"Incwadi yokudlala emelene nentando yeningi ilula: Shintsha imithetho, shintsha onompempe, ukuze uguqule imiphumela," umbiko kusho. “Osopolitiki abasaqhubeka nokuphika imiphumela yokhetho luka-2020 bafuna amandla okuketula intando yabavoti baseMelika esikhathini esizayo uma bengayithandi imiphumela. Ngo-2021, izishayamthetho zethulwa izikweletu ezingaphezu kuka-260 lokho kungaphazamisa ukuphathwa kokhetho okungachemile. Namuhla, Abaphika Ukhetho bahlele ukwengamela ukuvota kuwo wonke amazinga ohlelo—kusuka emahhovisi ombuso aphezulu kuya kubasebenzi bokuvota bezinga lesifunda. Konke kuxhumene.”
"Kubalulekile ukunaka lo mkhuba," kuqhubeka. “Ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi abaphathi bokhetho abangane-hyper-partisan noma abangaqeqeshwanga kahle bangenza kabi umthelela ulwazi lomvoti futhi kuthinta imiphumela. Ngo-2021, abanye Abaphika Ukhetho bawine izihlalo zabo-futhi ngo-2022, amakhandidethi athile asebenzisa amanga okhetho njengodaba lomkhankaso nokuhola i ukugunyazwa yalowo owayenguMongameli uDonald Trump nabanye abakhuthaza inganekwane yokuthi ukhetho lwango-2020 ‘lwebiwe.’ Eqinisweni, kukhona umfelandawonye ‘IMelika Kuqala' Abaqokelwe esikhundleni sikaNobhala Wezwe - okuyiqembu okungenani labantu abayisishiyagalombili abangenele lesi sikhundla kulo mjikelezo - bonke basekele imizamo kaMongameli uTrump yokubukela phansi intando yabavoti ngo-2020. "
Abagaqele isikhundla sikanobhala wezwe bathole ukunakwa kakhulu ngoba bengamele ukhetho lwezifundazwe zabo. Abaningi baqhubekile nokusho ukuthi uTrump uphucwe ihlandla lesibili naphezu kwamacala amaningi ezifundazweni zabo angakaze aveze ubufakazi bokuthi unqobile. Kodwa ababusi nabameli jikelele nabo baneqhaza okhethweni. Ngaphandle kwezindaba ezithinta abezindaba, abameli abajwayelekile babamba iqhaza ezimangalweni zangemva kokhetho futhi ababusi bagunyaza abanqobi bakamongameli.
Abaningi abamele ukhetho ngeke bavele njengabaqokelwe iRiphabhulikhi okhethweni lukazwelonke lwangokwindla lwango-2022, njengoba ezinye izifundazwe zinabangenele abaningi abagaqele isikhundla esifanayo ezweni lonke. Abangenele ukhetho emahhovisi ahlukene babonakala benamasu ahluke kancane okungabaza ngemiphumela yokhetho lwango-2020. Lezi zimo, ezibonisa igunya lehhovisi labo abalithembayo, zibonakala esitatimendeni sabo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, kuma-podcasts, naseziqeshaneni zabezindaba.
Izithunzi Zokuphika Ukhetho
I-United States ichaza "onqabe ukhetho" njengekhandidethi elihlangabezana nenye yalezi zindlela ezilandelayo: "[f]bathi lowo owayenguMongameli u-Trump uwine ukhetho lwango-2020 esikhundleni sophumelele ngokusemthethweni"; "[ba]sakaza amanga mayelana nokuba semthethweni kokhetho lukamongameli lwango-2020 ezithangamini zomphakathi"; "[c]bafunele 'ukuhlolwa kwezimali' kokhetho lukamongameli lwango-2020 ngemva kokuba imiphumela isiqinisekisiwe kanye/noma ihlolwe ngokusemthethweni kanye/noma yamelana nezinselele eziningi zomthetho”; "[p]bagqugquzele uzungu mayelana nokhetho lukamongameli lwango-2020 ezithangamini zomphakathi"; futhi “[t]bathathe izinyathelo zokubukela phansi ubuqotho bokhetho lukamongameli lwango-2020” ngokusekela amacala afuna ukuketula imiphumela, noma ukuhlela noma ukubamba iqhaza emicimbini ethi “Stop the Steal”.
"Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhumbula ukuthi konke kuxhunyiwe," kusho uLizzie Ulmer, iphini likamongameli omkhulu wezokuxhumana e-United States. “Amanga ngokhetho lwango-2020, ukuvukela umbuso kwangoJanuwari 6, ukubuyekezwa kokhetho olunenkohlakalo esikubona kwenzeka ezweni lonke, imizamo yokudunwa nokungenelela esiyibona kwenzeka ezishayamthetho zezifundazwe, izinsongo ezibhekiswe kubasebenzi bokhetho, abenqaba ukhetho abangenele ukhetho. ihhovisi. Lezo zinto zonke zixhumene, futhi zonke ziqhuba ukungathembani ohlelweni lwethu. ”
Abangenele ukhetho lobumeli-jikelele bebengasho lutho ezitatimendeni zabo zokuphika ukhetho. Noma kunjalo, uSteve Marshall, obambe isikhundla seRiphabhulikhi emncintiswaneni wommeli jikelele wase-Alabama, Fikile eWhite House ngoDisemba 2020 ukuxhasa impi kaTrump yangemva kokhetho. U-Abraham Hamadeh, owayengenele ukhetho lweRiphabhulikhi okhethweni lukazwelonke lwase-Arizona, ehlaselwa Lokhu owayengumabhalane esifundeni esinabantu abaningi kuhulumeni (u-Adrian Fontes, oyiDemocrat manje ongenela isikhundla sikanobhala wezwe e-Arizona) ngezenzo ezingashiwongo "eziphambene nomthethosisekelo" "zokuduna ukhetho lwethu." U-Ashley Moody, obambe isikhundla seRiphabhulikhi emjahweni wabameli jikelele baseFlorida, wanxusa iNkantolo eNkulu yase-U.S. ukuze ilalele isiphakamiso sommeli-jikelele waseTexas efuna ukuchithwa kwemiphumela ye-Electoral College evela kwezinye izifundazwe ezikhungethe impi, ethi "inqubo" ayizange ilandelwe, kodwa ingavezi ubufakazi. UMatthew DePerno, omele ukhetho lwaseRiphabhlikhi kummeli jikelele waseMichigan, ehlaselwa Lokhu obambe esikhundleni seDemocratic Alliance "uDana Nessel, i-Radical Left, kanye nama-RINO [amaRiphabhulikhi ngegama kuphela]" futhi wabeka indima yakhe ("uthola imiphumela") igcwaliswe ngephutha futhi ikhishwe "ucwaningo" lwangemva kuka-2020 e-Antrim County, njengoba ephinda esho Trump's September 16, 2021, ukugunyazwa ngoFebhuwari 2022.
Abazongenela ukhetho babe sobala kakhulu ekuhlaseleni kwabo inqubo yokuvota kanye nokuba semthethweni kukaMongameli Biden. UChristopher Kurka wase-Alaska wathi ukuthi ukubuza ngemiphumela bekuwukushisekela izwe futhi kucele ukuthi kucwaningwe futhi kubalwe ngesandla kwawo wonke amavoti ka-2020. UCharlie Pierce, ophinde agijimele ukuba yi-Alaska Republican oqokelwe esikhundleni sombusi, wathi ezinkundleni zokuxhumana ukuthi izinkinga zisuka kokuthi "idatha [sic] ye-Alaskan engu-100,000+ eyebiwa kuZinga Lombuso ukuze kuvotelwe izindawo zokulahla udoti phakathi nobusuku eSwing States." (Idatha eyebiwe bekuwuhlu lwabavoti, okuyi ahlobene ekubaleni amavoti. Izikhulu eziphezulu zokhetho zaseRiphabhulikhi ku Arizona futhi Georgia wathi azikho izindawo zokulahla amavoti.)
Emjahweni we-gubernatorial waseColorado, u-Laurie Clark bathi ukuthi umenzi wesistimu yokuvota oyedwa, i-Dominion, untshontshe ukhetho “kusukela ngo-2005,” kanti omunye owayengenele ukhetho lwaseColorado, uDanielle Neuschwanger, ephindaphindiwe izimangalo ezingamanga ngokhetho lwasePennsylvania naseGeorgia, ngizibophezela, “Lapho ngiqokwa njengoMbusi waseColorado, ngosuku lokuqala into engiza kuqala kuyo ukubuyisela ubuqotho bokhetho.” Okuningi izimangalo ezifanayo zenziwa okhethwe yiRiphabhulikhi esikhundleni sombusi waseGeorgia uDavid Perdue, owayeyilungu lephalamende laseMelika okwathi okhethweni lwangoJanuwari 2021 walahlekelwa yisicelo sakhe sokuphinda akhethe u-2020 futhi okwathi ngoNovemba 2020 esibizwa ngokwesula kukanobhala wakhe wezwe, uBrad Raffensperger, naye waseRepublican, ngokwenqaba isicelo sikaTrump sokuthola amavoti anele ukuze anqobe izwe ngo-2020. Amakhandidethi anomqondo ofanayo nazo zigijima e-Arizona, California, Florida, Idaho, Illinois, Kansas, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, Nevada, New York nase-Ohio.
Izitatimende zabo eziningi zokwenqaba ukhetho zenziwe ezinkundleni zokuxhumana kanye nama-podcasts abhekelela izethameli eziphiko lwesokudla, izithombe-skrini zazo i-United States United ezifake kuzo imibiko. Ngo-2021, lezi zinkundla zaba umpetha wocwaningomabhuku lwangemva kuka-2020 (oluholwa ngabakwa- Ukubuyekezwa kweCyber Ninjas e-Arizona) kanye nokungabaza ngemithi yokugoma ekuphenduleni ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19. Ezinye zalezi zinkundla nobuntu sezikhona manje ukukhuthaza Umbono waseRussia ngempi yase-Ukraine.
ONobhala BoMbuso Abanomqondo Wokwakha Uzungu?
Abangenele ukhetho lomphathi ophakeme wesifundazwe bebebeka ngembaba ekuqhubekiseleni phambili ukulandisa kokhetho okuntshontshiwe kanye nezici ezihlaselayo ezibalulekile zenqubo yokuvota. U-Wes Allen, ongenele ukhetho lweRiphabhulikhi kuNobhala Wombuso wase-Alabama, kusekelwe icala lokuchitha imiphumela yokhetho lwezinye izifundazwe. UShawnna Bolick wase-Arizona, isishayamthetho sezwe ongenela unobhala wezwe, uxhasiwe umthethosivivinywa (ohlulekile) ovumela isishayamthetho ukwenqaba ukukhetha kukamongameli wabavoti. Omunye ummeli we-Arizona Republican ongenela isikhundla sikanobhala wezwe, uMark Finchem, usehlale njalo ukumenywa amanye amathiyori ozungu lokhetho kuhulumeni. U-Eddie Joe Williams, owayeyilungu lephalamende yesifunda sase-Arkansas manje osegijimela unobhala Wezwe, ngeke usho ukuthi iBiden iwine ukhetho.
UTina Peters waseColorado, umabhalane wesifunda okwabelwana Idatha yesistimu yokuvota ephathelene nezishoshovu ezisekela uTrump-edonsa ukugxekwa okubanzi kochwepheshe bokhetho-iqhudelana noDavid Winney, omunye. umgqugquzeli ngozungu lokhetho oluntshontshiwe, lokuqokwa kwe-GOP kunobhala wombuso waseColorado. IGeorgia, ngokufanayo, inabangenele ukhetho ababili abahlasela ophethe iRiphabhulikhi, uBrad Raffensperger.
"Amanga Angempela uBrad esibheka emehlweni futhi esitshela ukuthi u-2020 bekuwukhetho oluphephe kakhulu emlandweni waseGeorgia," wathi UDavid Belle Isle, ongomunye wabangenele ukhetho lweRiphabhlikhi kuNobhala Wombuso waseGeorgia. I-Georgia Republican Congressman Jody Hice, ophinde agijimele unobhala wezwe eGeorgia, ziqhayisa wokuvota ngokumelene nokuqinisekiswa kwamavoti e-Electoral College yaseGeorgia ka-2020, futhi uthe “[t] hey webe umjaho wobumongameli” nokuthi ukukhethwa kwakhe “kusho ukuphaphamela bonke ukukhwabanisa nokungahambi kahle.”
Abanye abangenele ukhetho basabalalise amanga afanayo, bethi ukuphika imiphumela yokhetho luka-2020 kuwukushisekela izwe. Bahlasele imithombo yezindaba ebika ukuthi ukunqoba kukaBiden bekusemthethweni. Futhi baye baqhubeka nokusho ukuthi izandla ezifihliwe zasebenzisa amavoti ngasese, nakuba bengavezanga bufakazi.
U-Ulmer wase-United States United uthe ukuncisha ukhetho kanye nezinkolelo ezingamanga ezethulayo ngokhetho lwaseMelika ziwusongo oluqhubekayo kuntando yeningi yaseMelika.
“Kuwuphawu oluyisixwayiso sokuthi izinselelo esizibone zethulwa okhethweni lwethu olukhululekile nolunobulungiswa ngo-2020 zisekude ukuphela,” kusho yena. “Futhi yize abanye bezamile ukubukela phansi lezo zinsongo, noma baqhubeke no-2020, asikwazi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lwethu lwentando yeningi, nokuthi abantu bakuleli zwe bamelwe kanjani, namavoti abo abalwa, kangangokuthi sinezikhulu zokhetho ezithenjiwe ezingachemi kulezi zikhundla ezithatha lezi zinqumo. Futhi esikubona kwenzeka ezweni lonke kubeka lolu hlelo engcupheni.”
Lesi sihloko sikhiqizwe yiVoting Booth, iphrojekthi ye-Independent Media Institute.
USteven Rosenfeld ungumhleli kanye nomlobi omkhulu weVoting Booth, iphrojekthi ye-Independent Media Institute. Ubike kwiNational Public Radio, Marketplace, kanye neChristian Science Monitor Radio, kanye nenqwaba yezincwadi ezithuthukayo ezihlanganisa iSalon, AlterNet, American Prospect, nezinye eziningi.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
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