Naphezu kwempumelelo yayo yokuhlubuka kwamasosha akwa-Israel eGaza, izindlela zezombusazwe zesifunda ze-Hamas eminyakeni yamuva azitheli zithelo. Ihlukaniswe ngokuhlanganyela yi-Israel namanye amaqembu ama-Arab, ingalekelelwa yiPalestinian Authority (PA) kaMahmoud Abbas, i-Islamic Resistance Movement isiphinde yabhekana nokukhetha okunzima, futhi kubonakala sengathi ikhetha ukubuya ngokuqapha ekamu layo elidala lase-Iran ne-Hezbollah. Ukuqondisa kulesi sikhathi kuyingozi kakhulu.
Ezinye izinketho ze-Hamas, nokho, zilinganiselwe kakhulu noma azikho. Le nhlangano ibhekene nezinselelo ezinkulu: umnotho ogcwele udaka, ingqalasizinda eyonakele, imihubhe yaseRafah ecekeleke phansi kanye nokuvinjezelwa kwe-Israel okuqhubekayo.
Inqubekelaphambili yesivumelwano se-Hamas-Fatah ngonyaka odlule, okulandelwa ukubunjwa kukahulumeni omusha, kwakuhloswe ukuba kube yizidingo zezinye izinyathelo ezilindelwe, okuhlanganisa nokuguqulwa kwe-Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). Umkhankaso owawuthembisa ubumbano waphazanyiswa impi enkulu yakwa-Israyeli, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Operation Protective Edge, eyabulala futhi yalimaza izinkulungwane. I impi nayo yashiya iGaza ekade ikhungathekile isesimweni esibi kakhulu okwamanje.
Esikhundleni sokumisa ngokushesha izinkonzo zikahulumeni eGaza, zifake imali endaweni ecekeleke phansi futhi ziqale inqubo yokwakha kabusha ngokushesha, Uhulumeni osekelwe eRamallah kaRami Hamdallah wabambezela yonke into kulokho okwakungaqondwa kuphela njengokucabanga kwezepolitiki. Ngaphandle kwe-outlet, noma ivinjelwe, iGaza ngeke ikwazi ukubhekana nesimo isikhathi eside.
Umzamo we-Hamas wokuxoxisana ne-Egypt njengendlela yokuthola enye indawo yokunqamula ukuvinjezelwa awuzange uzuze imiphumela. iGibhithe imemezele inhlangano yamaphekula i-Hamas ngoMashi odlule. Muva nje, uphiko lwezempi lwe-Hamas, Izz el-Deen Al-Qassam Brigades uvinjelwe futhi usolwa 'ngobuphekula' ngenkantolo yaseGibhithe.
Ngokubhujiswa kwemigudu, futhi 'indawo ye-buffer' isungulwa futhi iqiniswe nxazonke zeGaza Strip kusukela ohlangothini lwaseGibhithe lomngcele, ukuvinjezelwa sekuphelile.
Nokho iGaza ibingasinda, ngaphandle kokuthi impi yakwa-Israel ishiye izinkulungwane zemindeni engenamakhaya, ingaphezulu kuka-11,000 belimele futhi igxile ebuphofini.
Ingqungquthela yabaxhasi eCairo ngonyaka odlule yathembisa ukuthi izokwakha kabusha iGaza, kodwa bambalwa asebekwenzile. I I-United Nations kanye ne-Arab League babuyile bacela usizo izithembiso zizofezeka. Kodwa noma benza kanjalo, i-US kanye nabalingani bayo bayagcizelela ukuthi imali ayidluliswa ngeHamas.
Ngakho-ke, yini okufanele yenziwe i-Hamas?
Ngaphambi kwalokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-Arab Spring ngo-2011, lesi sifunda sasihlukaniswe amakamu amabili ezombusazwe. Enye yaziwa ngokuthi 'i-axis of resistance', futhi ikamu 'le-rejectionist'. Iqukethe i-Iran, iSiriya, i-Hezbollah ne-Hamas. Enye inkambu 'yamaphakathi' ehlanganisa abalingani besifunda base-US. Lesi sakamuva sasibekwe esikhundleni sokususa esokuqala.
Khona-ke, ukuhlukana kweSunni-Shia kwakukhona, kodwa kwakungasho lutho njengoba kwenzeka namuhla. Ukuba khona kwe-Hamas, inhlangano yamaSunni phakathi kweqembu elikhulu lamaShia kanye nokuhlukaniswa okucacile kwempi ephakathi kwe-US-Israel vs. 'i-axis of resistance' kwehlise noma yimuphi umehluko wamahlelo njengokungabalulekile.
Ekuqaleni, iNtwasahlobo yaletha isithembiso esanele, ngaphambi kokuba ibhekane nengqinamba enkulu esifundeni sonke. Yadala impi nezinye izingxabano ezichitha igazi, kodwa futhi engakaze ibonwe kwezombangazwe kanye i-polarization yamahlelo.
Impi eSyria ibonakale iyisimo esihle kakhulu semibuso ehlukahlukene yasentshonalanga, okuhlanganisa i-US ne-Israel. I-Iran, iRussia kanye namazwe ama-Arab agxumela kulo mbango, ngalinye linezinjongo ezihlukile. E-Iran, impi ngokungangabazeki yaba yiyo ithuba lokwandisa umthelela wayo wesifunda. Njengoba i-Hezbollah ijoyina impi - ngaleso sikhathi eyayihlanganisa namaqembu amaningi asekhaya nakwamanye amazwe - uhlangothi lwamaSunni-Shia lwengxabano lwabonakala luzwakala.
Alukho uhlangothi obeluzovumela i-Hamas ukuthi isebenze ngaphandle kwepharadigm yehlelo elibi. Iqembu bekulindeleke ukuthi lithathe uhlangothi, futhi ngokushesha.
Ngaleso sikhathi, abantu basePalestine bahlala behlukene ngisho nalapho ubumbano lwabo lubaluleke kakhulu. I-PA ka-Abbas isalokhu ibambe iqhaza enkulumweni 'yenqubo yokuthula', inake kancane izinkulungwane zabashonile futhi ababulawa indlala ababaleki basePalestine eSiriya.
Ukugembula kwe-Hamas akuzange kukhokhe nakancane. Njengoba impofu futhi ihlukaniswe yodwa, iHamas yafuna ukuphumula ukujoyina amabutho neFatah ka-Abbas, ukuqeda ukuhlukana nokufuna ukuphuma kulokho okwaba yipharadesi engenathemba.
Khona-ke, u-Israyeli wahlasela iGaza. Ingxoxo yabezindaba ibigxile ekuxhumekeni okungaqinisekisiwe kwe-Hamas ekuthunjweni nasekubulaweni kwentsha yase-Israel eyafika. Kwakungavamile ukuba indaba. Ngokusuka kwe-Hamas 'e-axis of resistance' kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwayo yikhempu yama-Arab 'ephakathi', ukunyakaza kwaba buthaka kakhulu. UNdunankulu wakwa-Israel uBenjamin Netanyahu uthole ithuba lokwethula igalelo lokugcina kuHamas njengoba eshaya iGaza ngesihluku esingenakuqhathaniswa. Wayehlose ukuphula i-Hamas kwezombusazwe ngaphambi kokululaza amandla ayo ezempi.
Ukucekelwa phansi okukhulu kwengqalasizinda yaseGaza kwakungekona ukunganaki kwa-Israyeli kwansuku zonke ekuphatheni amaPalestine. Kwakuhloswe ukuthi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-Hamas ngeke ibe nethuba lokubusa iGaza ngemva kwempi, futhi ivele iwe ngaphansi komsebenzi ongenakwenzeka wokwakha kabusha i-Strip, ngaphandle kosizo, kungekho simende futhi kungekho ntambo yokuphila.
Ama-Arabhu kwakungenzeka ukuthi acwile ezinkingeni zawo noma abuka isijeziso esinzima saseGaza sika-Israyeli ngengxube yokwesaba, ukuzijabulisa kanye nokulindela. Labo abanxuse i-Hamas ukuthi ihlukane ne-Iran yehlulekile ukuqhubekela phambili nokugcwalisa igebe elikhona lezikhali, imali nolunye usizo lwezinto ezibonakalayo. Akukhona nje ukuthi abaningi eHamas babona lokho njengokukhaphela, abanye abangakaze bafune ukuhlukana ne-Iran baqala ukuphusha inhlangano ukuthi iphinde icabangele ubudlelwano bayo bezepolitiki.
Eqinisweni, i inqubo yokulungisa ubudlelwano ne-Iran sekunezinyanga kwenzeka, futhi eziningi - nokho zingacacile - izimpawu zohlobo oluthile lokungezwani phakathi kwe-Iran ne-Hezbollah ngakolunye uhlangothi, kanye ne-Hamas ngakolunye, bezilokhu zinezela esiphethweni esibonakalayo.
Ngesikhathi indiza enophephela emhlane yakwa-Israel ishayisa isitimela esifundazweni sase-Syria i-Quneitra ngo-Jan 18, kwashona ama-Hezbollah ayisithupha kanye nomkhuzi wase-Iran, i-Hamas yashesha ukudlulisa amazwi enduduzo. I ephawuleka kakhulu kule milayezo ivela ku-Mohammed al-Deif, umholi we-al-Qassam Brigades. UDeif wacela ukuba kuqondiswe izibhamu empini ehlangene no-Israyeli.
Imiyalezo yezepolitiki nayo yangena, omunye walowo owayenguNdunankulu kahulumeni we-Hamas u-Ismail Haniyeh. "Simemezela ubumbano lwethu olugcwele neLebanon kanye nokumelana neLebanon," esho, ecela ubumbano ngokumelene 'nesitha esikhulu somphakathi'. Lokhu, ngaphezu kwesicelo somholi we-Hamas, uKhaled Meshaal ukumelana ngokuthula eSyria, okubonisa ukuthi ukufuna i-Hamas ukubuyela ekamu lase-Iran kwakuyindaba yesikhathi.
Eqinisweni, lokho kubuya kuzokwenzeka ngokushesha kunokuba kamuva, njengoba kuphakanyiswe ngu-Ahmed Yousef, owayengumeluleki omkhulu ka-Haniyeh, kanye nelungu elinamandla enhlanganweni. Uthe uMeshaal kumele abhekise amabombo eTehran maduze nje ukuyohlangana nabaholi abaphezulu base-Iran.
Iqembu le-Hamas kungenzeka ukubuyela ekamu lase-Iran kungenzeka ukuthi iqaphe, ibalwe futhi ibize kakhulu. Kunenkinga yokuthembana kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Nokho, kwabanye eHamas lokho kubuya kwakungenakugwenywa.
Kepha i-Iran ne-Hezbollah nazo ziyayidinga i-Hamas, okungenani ukuthi ihlukane nokulandisa kwamahlelo okuhaqe isifunda. Isithombe se-Iran ne-Hezbollah, lesi sakamuva esake sabonwa njengenqaba yokumelana, sisezingeni eliphansi kakhulu.
Abanye bazojezisa isu elisha le-Hamas, abanye bazoncoma ukubuya kwayo emqondweni. Kepha ngeHamas kanye nokumelana kwamaPalestine eGaza, kuyindaba nje yokusinda.
Ramzy Baroud - www.ramzybaroud.net – ungumbhali wezindaba emhlabeni jikelele, umxhumanisi wezindaba, umbhali wezincwadi ezimbalwa kanye nomsunguli we PalestineChronicle.com. Njengamanje uphothula izifundo zakhe zePhD eNyuvesi yase-Exeter. Incwadi yakhe yakamuva ethi My Father Was a Freedom Fighter: Gaza's Untold Story (Pluto Press, London).
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela