Isiphethu sama-Arab sesiqalile ukuvela eVietnam,โ wathi U-Pham Chi Dung, owayeyilungu leQembu LamaKhomanisi elibusayo, kulandela imibhikisho emikhulu nesabalele kakhulu eminyakeni edlule.
Ngempelasonto kaJuni 9-10, amashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu baseVietnam bangena emigwaqweni ezweni lonke bebhikishela izikweletu ezimbili mayelana nokuphepha ku-inthanethi kanye nokwakhiwa kwezindawo ezintsha zomnotho ezikhethekile, noma ama-EEZ. Umbhikisho uqale ngokubamba iqhaza kwabasebenzi ababalelwa ku-50,000 befekthri yezicathulo i-Pouchen endaweni yezimboni yase-Tan Tao e-Ho Chi Minh City, okuyisizinda esikhulu sezomnotho esizweni saseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Izinkulungwane zabantu zabuthana eHanoi, eDolobheni laseHo Chi Minh, eDanang, eNha Trang nakwamanye amadolobha, becula futhi bephethe izingqwembe ezibhalwe ukuthi โSay no to bill on EEZs,โ โAkukho mhlaba wokuqashisa eChina ngisho nosuku olulodwa,โ kanye nokuthi โCyber umthetho wezokuphepha usho ukuthulisa abantu.โ
Imibhikisho ikhombise ukuthi kusabalele kangakanani ukunganeliseki ngenkohlakalo yesistimu, ukungcoliswa okukhulu kwemvelo, ukungalingani okujulile kwezenhlalo, kanye nokuphendula okubuthakathaka kukahulumeni ekwephuleni kweChina ubukhosi baseVietnam olwandle olucebile ngezinsiza.
Ku-an esihlokweni weNhlangano Yentatheli Ezizimele yaseVietnam engabhalisiwe, uDung uthe le mibhikisho iphawula โokokuqala kusukela ngo-1975 [lapho amaKhomanisi ethatha izintambo zaseNingizimu Vietnam] ukuthi kuthathwe isinyathelo esibekela uhulumeni obusayo inselelo ngokuqondile.โ
Imibhikisho yenzeke ngesonto ngemuva kokuthi iSishayamthetho Sikazwelonke, isigungu esiphezulu sezwe, simemezele uhlelo lwaso lokudingida futhi lwamukele le mithetho emibili ngoJuni 12-15, njengengxenye yeseshini yaso yenyanga, eqale ngoMeyi 20.
Ikhwelo elinxusa abantu ukuthi bahlangane lisabalale ezinkundleni zokuxhumana ezifana noFacebook noTwitter. Bangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-60 abantu baseVietnam abase-inthanethi, kanti i-Facebook - enabasebenzisi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-40 eVietnam - iyinethiwekhi yokuxhumana nabantu ethandwa kakhulu ezweni.
Amasosha ezokuphepha eVietnam aphendule ngodlame esibizweni semibhikisho enokuthula. Iziphathimandla zathumela ama-agent angagqokile kanye namasosha ezindaweni ezizimele zezishoshovu zendawo ukuze zibavimbele ekuhlanganyeleni emibhikishweni. Izishoshovu eziningi zithe kudingeke ukuthi ziphume ezindlini zazo ngaphambi kwempelasonto ziyocasha ukuze zigweme ukuvalelwa onogada.
NgoJuni 10, kwatshalwa inqwaba yamaphoyisa, amasosha kanye nezigebengu ukuzocindezela imibhikisho. ukubopha amakhulu ababhikishi nokushaya abanye. Ngenkathi amaphoyisa eyicisha ngempumelelo imibhikisho emincane eHanoi emini, imibuthano eHo Chi Minh City naseNha Trang, ihambe kwaze kwasa ngoMsombuluko. Amaphoyisa eDolobheni lase-Ho Chi Min atshale ama-Long Range Acoustic Devices athengwe e-United States ukuze ahlomise imikhumbi yokugada ye-Vietnam Coast Guard, ekhiqiza umsindo oshubile ongabangela ubuhlungu obukhulu emzimbeni futhi kulimaze ukuzwa unomphela.
EPhan Thiet nasePhan Ri, esifundazweni esimaphakathi neBinh Thuan, amaphoyisa asebenzise isisi esikhalisa unyembezi nezibhamu zamanzi ezakhamuzini zendawo. Ngemva kokuba omunye umbhikishi equleke amaphoyisa, ababhikishi bahlasele izikhungo ezikhethekile zamaphoyisa ngamatshe nezitini, bangena nezakhiwo zikahulumeni. Amaphoyisa wanikela bakhumula izinto zabo, babuyela ekhaya. Nokho, uhulumeni ukwazile ukulawula ngokugcwele lapho ekuseni ngo-June 12.
Amaphoyisa abophe ababhikishi abangaphezu kuka-500, ngokusho kwabezindaba zombuso kanye ulwazi olunembile emaphoyiseni. Ababhikishi baphenywa amahora amaningi. Ngesikhathi beboshiwe bashaywe baphucwa amaselula nezinye izimpahla. Amaphoyisa adedele iziboshwa eziningi kodwa asagcine inqwaba yabanye, esabisa ngokubashushisa ngezinsolo zokwephula imithetho yezokuphepha yezwe kanye โnokudala uthuthuva emphakathini.โ
Ngokusho kochwepheshe bezomthetho, umthethosivivinywa wezokuphepha ku-inthanethi uzonikeza amandla amasha ashanelayo kuziphathimandla zase-Vietnamese, uzivumele ziphoqe izinkampani zobuchwepheshe ukuthi zinikeze inani elikhulu ledatha, okuhlanganisa nemininingwane yomuntu siqu, kanye nokuhlola okuthunyelwe kwabasebenzisi be-inthanethi. Ngokusho kwezishoshovu, umthetho uhlose ukuthulisa abagxeki bakahulumeni futhi kungaholela ekutheni abasebenzisi be-inthanethi babekwe icala lobugebengu ngokusebenzisa ilungelo labo eliyisisekelo lenkululeko yokukhuluma. Ngenxa yalokho, I-Human Rights Watch futhi Amnesty International bacele uHanoi ukuthi angawuvumeli umthethosivivinywa. I-United States neCanada, nokho, banazo nje wanxusa IVietnam ukuthi ihlehlise ivoti kulo mthethosivivinywa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi uhambisana namazinga omhlaba.
Khonamanjalo, ngomthetho wezindawo ezikhethekile zezomnotho, uhulumeni wamakhomanisi waseVietnam ufuna ukusungula izindawo ezintathu - okuyi-Van Don, iPhu Quoc kanye ne-Bac Van Phong - ezindaweni ezinamasu lapho abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe bengavunyelwa ukuqasha umhlaba iminyaka engu-99. Izishoshovu zisola ukuthi lo mthethosivivinywa uyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuvumela abatshalizimali baseChina ukuthi bathole umhlaba futhi balethe abasebenzi baseChina abangaqeqeshiwe kulezi zindawo.
Osomnotho abaningi abaphezulu, okuhlanganisa nomakadebona wezomnotho omkhulu uPham Chi Lan, uthi ukuthi iVietnam - esivele isayine izivumelwano zohwebo lwamahhala ne-European Union, i-United States kanye namanye amazwe - asikho isidingo sokumisa izindawo zezomnotho ezikhethekile ukuheha abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe.
Ngokungeziwe ezindabeni zokuphepha kazwelonke - ngokutshalwa kwezimali okungenzeka okuvela eChina - lezi zindawo zomnotho ezikhethekile zizovumela izinkampani kulezi zindawo ukuthi zikhokhe intela ephansi noma zingakhokhi iminyaka, ngokusho kosomabhizinisi. Le Hoai Anh.
Ku-an interview nomsakazo iFree Asia, umakadebona wenoveli nowayeyisosha lamakhomanisi uNguyen Ngoc uthe โNginqume ukujoyina umbhikisho [ngoba] umthetho we-EEZ uzoba nomthelela omubi kwezokuphepha kwezwe, futhi umthetho wezokuphepha ku-inthanethi uzobulala ilungelo labantu lenkululeko yokukhuluma, inkululeko yokukhuluma. khuluma. Lokhu kuzoholela esizweni esintula ubuhlakani. Konke kuzobuyiselwa emuva, kanti thina sidinga ukuqhubekela phambili.โ
Ukuphendula ingcindezi yomphakathi, iphalamende elilawulwa ngamakhomanisi laseVietnam kanye nohulumeni bathi bazokuhlehlisa ukuxoxisana nokugunyazwa komthethosivivinywa omayelana nezindawo ezikhethekile zomnotho eseshini elandelayo yephalamende ehlelelwe ngo-Okthoba. Ukuphepha ku-inthanethi kwavunywa ngoJuni 12, futhi lo mthetho uzoqala ukusebenza ngo-January 1, 2019. Naphezu kwengcindezelo kahulumeni, imibhikisho ephikisana nokugunyazwa komthetho nohlelo lwephalamende lokuphinda kuqhutshekwe nokusebenza kulo mthethosivivinywa wezindawo ezikhethekile zomnotho ngo-Okthoba kulindeleke ukuthi qhubeka.
Okukhathaza kakhulu ngalo mthethosivivinywa wokusungula izindawo ezintsha zomnotho ezikhethekile, ukuthi uzobuthinta kanjani ubukhosi bezwe oLwandle Olusempumalanga. IVietnam neChina banomlando omude wezingxabano. I-China ithumele amabutho ayo ukuba ayohlasela iVietnam izikhathi ezingu-22 kule minyaka eyinkulungwane edlule, ngokusho kwesazi-mlando uDao Tien Thi. Ngo-1979, iChina yathumela amasosha angaba ngu-60,000 ukuthi ayohlasela izifundazwe eziyisithupha ezisenyakatho yeVietnam, abulala amashumi ezinkulungwane zamasosha aseVietnam kanye nezakhamuzi futhi acekela phansi yonke ingqalasizinda lapho.
Ngo-1988, i-China yaphinde yahlasela iziqhingi eziningana nezixhobo, ezaziwa ngokuthi i-Spratly Islands, elawulwa yiVietnam. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, iShayina iguqule lezi zixhobo zamatshe neziqhingi zaba izakhiwo zokwenziwa futhi yafaka imicibisholo ecitshwayo yesimanje nezinye izinto zezempi lapho emzamweni wokuguqula uLwandle Lwasempumalanga lube ichibi lalo.
Iqembu elibusayo lamaKhomanisi eVietnam, ukuze ligcine amandla alo ezweni, lithatha iChina njengomfelandawonye walo oseduze kwezombusazwe. Uhulumeni wamaKhomanisi eHanoi ubhikishele ngomlomo ukwephulwa kweChina esikhundleni sokuthatha izinyathelo eziqinile, njengokuletha leli cala enkantolo yamazwe ngamazwe, njengoba kwenze iPhilippines.
UHanoi ucindezele ngokuhlelekile imibhikisho emelene neChina futhi washushisa nezishoshovu ezimelene neSino. Abaningi babo balahlwe amacala futhi bagwetshwa izigwebo ezinde ngamacala angamanga ahlobene nepolitiki.
Nokho, ukucindezelwa kungase kwandise inani labantu abangavumelani nohulumeni. Njengoba abantu abaningi abavamile beba nesithakazelo kwezombangazwe, uhulumeni waseVietnam udinga ukwenza izinguquko ezinkulu zezombangazwe ukuze avumele ukhetho lwamahhala, futhi kufanele ahloniphe amalungelo abantu njengoba esebenzela ukubhekana nokunganeliseki komphakathi. Uhulumeni kufanele asebenzise inkhulumomphendvulwano, kuyilapho izinhlangano zomphakathi zendawo zingalamula phakathi kwababhikishi nohulumeni. Uma abaholi bephikelela ekuphatheni izwe ngombuso weqembu elilodwa futhi beqhubeka nokuthembela odlameni, izikhalo zabantu ngeke zixazululeke futhi isizwe singangena emzabalazweni wangaphakathi.
"Abaphathi kufanele banakekele lokho abantu babo abakunakekelayo," wathi Nguyen Si Dung, owayeyisekela lenhloko yehhovisi lePhalamende Likazwelonke.
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