Incwadi entsha kaMark Mackinnon ivula ngendaba yezakhiwo ezimbili ezinkulu eziqhunyiswe amaphekula. Umongameli, kuze kube yileso sikhathi umholi ongaphawuleki onobudlelwane obujulile nophiko lwezobunhloli oluyimfihlo lwezwe, ubamba le nhlekelele ngokuqala impi ngokumelene namaphekula. Ngokuphazima kweso edume ngeziteleka zakhe eziwujuqu, umongameli uthumela amasosha ezweni elincane lamaSulumane elalihlalwe, labe selishiywa abaphathi bangaphambilini. Usebenzisa ukuphuthuma kwempi njengezaba zokuhlanganisa amandla, eqamba ama-lackey akhe ezikhundleni ezibalulekile. "Ama-oligarchs" ezwe, uMackinnon uyabhala, aqhubeke nokusungula uhlelo "lwentando yeningi ephethwe," lapho inkohliso yokuzikhethela kanye nokulangazelela okudumile kokuzinza kufihla iqiniso lokuthi izinqumo eziyisisekelo zenziwa ngendlela engenantando yeningi namandla ahlala ekhona. igxile ezandleni zabambalwa.

Mackinnon, njengamanje oyisikhulu sehhovisi le-Middle East for the I-Globe ne-Mail, kuyiqiniso ukuthi ukhuluma ngeRussia, kanye nomongameli wayo, owayeyi-ejenti ye-KGB u-Vladimir Putin–yize uma uMackinnon ebona ukufana nelinye izwe, akasho kanjalo. Izwe lamaSulumane iChechnya kanti ukuhlasela kwamaphekula bekubhekiswe kumafulethi amabili edolobheni laseRyazan, elingamakhilomitha angama-200 eningizimu-mpumalanga yeMoscow. Kwaphakanyiswa imibuzo mayelana nokubandakanyeka kwe-KGB.

Incwadi kaMackinnon Impi Entsha Yomshoshaphansi: Izinguquko, Ukhetho Oluqinisiwe kanye Nepolitiki Yepayipi Ezweni Langaphambili LaseSoviet Union.

Cishe ngaphandle kokukhetha, izintatheli zaseCanada zikuthola kulula kakhulu ukunqamula i-PR spin kanye namanga asemthethweni lapho zikhuluma ngohulumeni bangaphandle-ikakhulukazi lapho labo hulumeni bebonakala njengezimbangi zeCanada noma uzakwabo oseduze, i-US. Kodwa lapho indaba isiseduze nekhaya, ukukhalipha kwabo okugxekayo kuvele kunyamalale.

UMackinnon uhlushwa yilokhu kuhlupheka okuvamile kunezintatheli eziningi. Umuntu uthola umqondo wokuthi kuwukukhetha okwaziyo, kodwa kuseyisikhashana.

Eminyakeni eyisikhombisa edlule, uMnyango Wezifundazwe wase-US, i-Soros Foundation kanye nezinhlangano ezimbalwa zozakwethu baye bahlela uchungechunge "lwemiguquko yentando yeningi" empumalanga ye-Europe kanye nasendaweni yangaphambili yeSoviet Union. Futhi, phakathi naleyo minyaka, “inguquko-mbuso” ngayinye, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izame noma iphumelele, izintatheli ziye zavezwa izintatheli njengokuvukela okuzenzakalelayo kwezakhamuzi ezithanda inkululeko ezithola ugqozi nokusekelwa ngokokuziphatha kubafowabo nodadewabo baseNtshonalanga.

Ubufakazi bokuthi lolu xhaso luphinde lubandakanye amakhulu ezigidi zamaRandi, ukugxambukela ekukhethweni kwabantu abazokhethwa kanye nezinguquko kuzinqubomgomo zangaphandle nezasekhaya sebutholakala kabanzi. Nokho, kule minyaka eyisikhombisa edlule, lolu lwazi selucishe lwacindezelwa ngokuphelele.

Mhlawumbe ubufakazi obugqame kakhulu bokucindezelwa bafika ngesikhathi i-Associated Press (AP) ibhala indaba ngoDisemba 11, 2004-ekuphakameni kwe- "Orange Revolution" - iphawula ukuthi iBush Administration yayinikeze ama-dollar ayizigidi ezingu-65 emaqenjini ezombusazwe e-Ukraine, nakuba. alikho eliya “ngqo” emaqenjini ezombusazwe. Lo mbiko uthi “kwahlukunyezwa,” ngamanye amaqembu. Imithombo yezindaba eminingi eCanada–ikakhulukazi i I-Globe ne-Mail kanye ne-CBC–ithembele ku-AP, kodwa ayikho ephethe indaba. Ngalo lolo suku, i-CBC.ca ishicilele ezinye izindaba ezine ezivela kwa-AP mayelana nezinxushunxushu zezepolitiki zase-Ukraine, kodwa yabona kufanele ukuthi ifake leyo eyaphenya ngezimali zase-US.

Ngokufanayo, izincwadi zikaWilliam Robinson, Eva Golinger nabanye ziye zadalula uxhaso lwe-US lwamaqembu ezombusazwe phesheya, kodwa azizange zixoxwe ngabezindaba zenkampani.

Indima yaseCanada ayizange ibikwe kwaze kwaba yiminyaka emibili nengxenye kamuva, lapho-okuhambisana nokukhululwa kwe Impi Entsha Yomshoshaphansi-the I-Globe ne-Mail ekugcineni wabona kufanelekile ukushicilela i-akhawunti, ebhalwe nguMackinnon. Ihhovisi lenxusa laseCanada, iMackinnon labika, “lichithe isigamu sesigidi samarandi likhuthaza ‘ukhetho olunobulungiswa’ ezweni elingahlanganyeli nomngcele waseCanada futhi elingabambisani abanganaki kwezohwebo.” Uxhaso lwaseCanada lwabaqaphi bokhetho lwaluke lwabikwa ngaphambili, kodwa iqiniso lokuthi imali yayiyingxenye yomzamo ohleliwe wokuthonya ukhetho akuzange kube njalo.

Ngenxa yezizathu ezihlala zingacacile, abahleli be Globe yanquma, ngemva kweminyaka eyisikhombisa yokuthula, ukuvumela uMackinnon ukuba atshele umphakathi ngalokho imali yaseNtshonalanga ebilokhu ikwenza ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union. Mhlawumbe bathonywe ukukhetha kukaMackinnon ukubhala incwadi ngesihloko; mhlawumbe kwanqunywa ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokukhulula ikati esikhwameni.

I-akhawunti ethokozisayo. IMackinnon iqala eSerbia ngonyaka ka-2000, lapho iNtshonalanga, ngemuva kokuxhasa amaqembu aphikisayo kanye “nabezindaba ezizimele” abahlinzeka ngezindaba ezigxeka uhulumeni-kanye nokuwisa amathani angama-20,000 wamabhomu ezweni-ekugcineni baphumelela ukuwisa okokugcina. ukubamba inkani ngokumelene neoliberalism eYurophu.

UMackinnon uchaza kabanzi ukuthi uxhaso lwaseNtshonalanga—umzamo owawuholwa ngusozigidi uGeorge Soros–lugeleze kanjani ezindaweni ezine eziyinhloko: i-Otpor (isi-Serbian esisho 'ukumelana'), inhlangano yentsha enzima yabafundi esebenzisa i-grafitti, yaseshashalazini yasemgwaqweni kanye nemibhikisho engenalo udlame imizwa emibi yezombangazwe ngokumelene nohulumeni waseMilosevic; I-CeSID, iqeqebana labaqaphi bokhetho ababekhona ukuze “babambe uMilosevic esontweni uma eke wazama futhi ukukhohlisa imiphumela yokhetho”; I-B92, isiteshi somsakazo esinikeze ukutholakala okuqhubekayo kwezindaba eziphikisana nombuso kanye nezitayela ze-rock ezimangalisayo ze-Nirvana kanye ne-Clash; kanye nama-NGO ahlukene anikezwa uxhaso lwezimali ukuze kuphakanyiswe "izinkinga" -iMackinnon ayibiza ngokuthi "izinkinga zamandla-okungukuthi, njengoba kuchazwe abaxhasi bamaqembu aseNtshonalanga." Ihhovisi lenxusa laseCanada eBelgrade, uyaphawula, laliyindawo yemihlangano eminingi yabaxhasi.

Ekugcineni, kwadingeka ukuba amaqembu aphikisayo ahlukene ahlangane. Lokhu kugqugquzelwe nguNobhala Wezwe waseMelika ngaleso sikhathi uMadeline Albright kanye noNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle waseJalimane uJoschka Fischer, abatshele abaholi abaphikisayo ukuthi bangangeneleli, kodwa bajoyine “umfelandawonye wentando yeningi” nommeli owayengaziwa uVojislav Kostunica njengoyedwa omele iqembu eliphikisayo ehhovisi likamongameli. . Abaholi bamaqembu aphikisayo abaxhaswa ngezimali zaseNtshonalanga, abangazange babe nokukhuluma okuningi ngalolu daba, bavumile.

Kwasebenza. U-Kostunica uphumelele ivoti, abaqaphi bokhetho bamemezela ngokushesha inguqulo yabo yemiphumela, eyasakazwa nge-B92 nezinye iziteshi zezindaba ezixhaswe yiNtshonalanga, futhi amashumi ezinkulungwane athutheleka emigwaqweni ephikisana nemizamo kaMilosevic yokuzama ukuvota embhikishweni owawuholwa iqembu lama-pseudo-anarchist i-Otpor. U-Milosevic, elahlekelwe "izinsika zokusekela" ezinkantolo, amaphoyisa kanye ne-bureaucracy, wesula ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho. “Ezinyangeni eziyisikhombisa kamuva,” kubhala uMackinnon, “uSlobodan Milosevic uzobe eseThe Hague.”

"Inguquko" yaseSerbia yaba imodeli: xhasa "imithombo yezindaba ezimele," ama-NGO kanye nezibukeli zokhetho; phoqa abaphikisayo ukuthi bahlangane eduze kwekhandidethi eyodwa ekhethiwe; futhi sixhase futhi siqeqeshe iqembu elisebenzisa upende wokufutha, elithanda inkululeko labafundi abathukuthele abahlanganiswe alukho uhlelo ngaphandle kokuphikisa umbuso. Imodeli isetshenziswe ngempumelelo eGeorgia ("i-Rose Revolution"), e-Ukraine ("i-Orange Revolution") futhi ayizange iphumelele eBelarus, lapho i-denim yayiwuphawu oluthandwayo. Impi Entsha Yomshoshaphansi inezahluko zalokhu ngakunye, futhi iMackinnon icubungula ngokujulile imininingwane yamalungiselelo okuxhaswa ngezimali kanye nemifelandawonye yezombangazwe eyakhiwe ngokusekelwa kwaseNtshonalanga.

UMackinnon ubonakala enokukhohlisa okuncane mayelana nokusebenzisa amandla e-US. Ingqikithi yakhe iwukuthi, ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union, i-US isebenzise “uguquko lwentando yeningi” ukuze iqhubekisele phambili izintshisekelo zayo zezwe; ukulawulwa kokuhlinzekwa kukawoyela namapayipi, kanye nokuhlukaniswa kweRussia, imbangi yayo enkulu esifundeni. Uphawula ukuthi ezimeni eziningi–i-Azerbaijan ne-Turkmenistan, isibonelo–imibuso yengcindezelo ithola ukwesekwa okuqotho kwe-US, kuyilapho ohulumeni abambisene neRussia kuphela abakhethelwa ukuphathwa kwentando yeningi.

Futhi nakuba uMackinnon engase abe nesizotha kakhulu ukuba angayisho, i-akhawunti yakhe iphikisana kakhulu nombiko ohlale uhlolwa abahleli bakhe futhi obhalwe ozakwabo. UMilosevic, ngokwesibonelo, akayena “uButcher waseBalkan” wezindaba zaseNtshonalanga. ISerbia “yayingewona ubushiqela obuvame ukuvezwa emithonjeni yezindaba yaseNtshonalanga,” kubhala uMackinnon. "Eqinisweni, bekufana nenguqulo yokuqala 'yentando yeningi ephethwe' [yeRussia kaPutin]." Ukhuluma ngokungagwegwesi ngemiphumela yokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu kanye nezijeziso eSerbia, okwakubuhlungu kakhulu.

Kepha ngezinye izindlela, uMackinnon uyigwinya yonke inkulumo-ze. Uphinda umugqa osemthethweni we-NATO e-Kosovo, ngokwesibonelo, ngokunganaki ukuphawula ukuthi i-US kanye nabanye bebexhasa ngezimali amasosha asebenzelana nezidakamizwa afana ne-Kosovo Liberation Army, isihloko semibiko eminingi edukisayo, netusayo ngozakwabo bakaMackinnon ngo-2000.

Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, uMackinnon uyayishaya indiva indima yaseNtshonalanga yokucekela phansi iYugoslavia ngemuva kokuthi uhulumeni wayo engahambisani nokuqaliswa kwezinguquko ze-IMF ebezivele zidala usizi. I-Mackinnon ihlangabezana futhi ixoxa ngezehlakalo zokuqeda uzinzo-ngo-privatization emazweni amaningi awahlanganisayo, kodwa ubonakala engakwazi ukukulandelela emuva emthonjeni wawo ovamile, noma akubone njengomgomo wenqubomgomo yezangaphandle yase-US ne-Europe.

Owake waba yilungu lePolitburo yaseRussia u-Alexander Yakovlev utshela uMackinnon ukuthi osopolitiki baseRussia “baqhubekisele phambili izinguquko zezomnotho ngokushesha kakhulu” bedala “umnotho ogcwele ubugebengu kanye nezwe lapho izakhamuzi zifinyelela amagama afana nelithi 'ekhululekile' nelithi 'intando yeningi' nenkohlakalo, ubumpofu nokungakwazi ukuzisiza. .”

Kwesinye sezikhathi ezimangalisa kakhulu encwadini, u-Yakovlev oneminyaka engu-82 ubudala uthatha umthwalo wemfanelo, ethi: "Kumele sivume ukuthi okwenzekayo manje akulona iphutha lalabo abakwenzayo ... Yithina abanecala. Senze amaphutha amakhulu kakhulu.”

Emhlabeni kaMackinnon, ukuhlakazwa kanye nokwenza izinto ezizimele komnotho ophethwe uhulumeni-okushiye izigidi zimpofu kanye nokuphelelwa ithemba-kuyincazelo yothando lwabantu baseRussia nabaseBelarussia nomongameli abanamandla abanqanda inkululeko, belula ukuphikiswa, ukulawula abezindaba kanye gcina ukuzinza, ukuzinza. Kepha ngandlela thize, umbono ongemuva kokucekelwa phansi oqhutshwa yi-IMF awuwenzi ukuhlaziya kukaMackinnon izisusa ze “New Cold War.”

IMackinnon ibona izithakazelo zangempela zaseMelika: uwoyela kanye nokulwela kwabaseMelika ithonya lesifunda neRussia. Kodwa okuphunyukayo ezindabeni zakhe ukungabekezelelani okubanzi kohulumeni abathi bazimele futhi balondoloze ikhono lokuqondisa intuthuko yabo yezomnotho.

Ipolitiki yamandla nepayipi iyincazelo ezwakalayo yentshisekelo ye-US kumarephabhuliki aseningizimu yangaphambili yeSoviet. Kungenzeka ukuthi wengeze ngokuthi i-US yasebenzisa iGeorgia njengendawo yokudlala phakathi nempi yase-Iraq. Uma kukhulunywa ngeSerbia, uMackinnon uphoqeleka ukuthi athembele ku-akhawunti engakholakali ye-NATO eyenza umgomo wokuziphatha wokuvikela ukubulawa kwabantu. Isimangalo asisawenzi umqondo, uma kunikezwe ubufakazi obutholakalayo, kodwa sisalokhu sivamile emaphephandabeni aseNtshonalanga.

UMackinnon ukhuluma ngeHaiti, Cuba kanye neVenezuela ngesikhathi edlula. Kuzo zonke lezi zindawo kuye kwenziwa imizamo yokuketula ohulumeni. EVenezuela, ukuketulwa umbuso kwamasosha aseMelika kwachithwa ngokushesha. E-Haiti, ukuketulwa umbuso okuholwa yiCanada kanye ne-US kuholele enhlekeleleni yamalungelo abantu eqhubekayo futhi ukhetho lwakamuva luqinisekisile ukuthi iqembu elasuswa lihlala lidume kakhulu kunelinye elivezwe yizikhulu zezomnotho. ECuba, imizamo yokuketula uhulumeni ibhuntshiwe iminyaka engu-XNUMX.

Ukuchaza le mizamo eyengeziwe, enodlame kakhulu "yokushintsha umbuso," akwanele ukusho izithakazelo zangempela. I-Venezuela inowoyela omningi, kodwa izinsiza zemvelo zaseCuba azikwenzi ibe yimpahla enkulu yamasu, futhi, ngaleli zinga, iHaiti incane kakhulu. Ukuchaza ukuthi kungani uhulumeni wase-US enikeze izigidi zamaRandi kumaqembu ezombusazwe, ama-NGO kanye namaqembu aphikisayo kulawa mazwe kudinga ukuqonda nge-neoliberal ideology kanye nemvelaphi yayo ngeMpi Yomshoshaphansi nangale kwayo.

Lokhu kungaba sobala uma uMackinnon engeza umongo womlando odingeka kakhulu ku-akhawunti yakhe yezindlela zesimanje zokushintsha umbuso. Encwadini yakhe Ukubulala uThemba, uWilliam Blum ubhala ukungenelela kuka-50 kwe-US kohulumeni bamazwe angaphandle kusukela ngo-1945. Umlando ubonise ukuthi lokhu kuphambene kakhulu nentando yeningi, uma kungeyona inhlekelele eqondile. Ngisho nezinguquko ezithambile zohulumeni wezenhlalo nentando yeningi emazweni amancane zakhungathekiswa ukuhlasela kwezempi.

Uma intando yeningi yeqiniso ibandakanya ukuzikhethela—futhi okungenani ikhono lethiyori lokwenqaba lokho okushiwo “i-Washington Consensus” noma i-IMF–khona-ke noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa kokukhuthazwa kwentando yeningi njengethuluzi lenqubomgomo yezangaphandle yase-US kufanele kuhambisane nalo mlando. I-akhawunti kaMackinnon ayenzi futhi ihlala icishe ibe umlando oqinile.

Isahluko sokugcina se Impi Entsha Yomshoshaphansi, enesihloko esithi “Afterglow,” inikezelwe ekuhloleni imiphumela yokugcina yentando yeningi emazweni ayengama-republic aseSoviet. Yisahluko esibuthakathaka sikaMackinnon. UMackinnon uzikhawulele ekubuzeni ukuthi ngabe izinto sezingcono yini manje kunangaphambili. Uhlaka lombuzo lwehlisa okulindelekile futhi lukhubaza kakhulu umcabango wentando yeningi.

Uma umuntu ebeka eceleni lezi zinto ezicatshangelwayo, kusengenzeka ukuthi ilukuluku lithole ulwazi olungcono kumfundi. Kungenzeka yini ukuthi izinto ezinhle zingavela ngisho nangenxa yezisusa zokubhuqa? Ababhali benkululeko abafana noMichael Ignatieff kanye noChristopher Hitchens benza izimpikiswano ezifanayo besekela impi yase-Iraq futhi uMackinnon uwuthintitha lo mbono lapho ezibuza ukuthi ingabe izishoshovu ezisencane eSerbia nase-Ukraine zazisebenzisa i-US, noma ukuthi i-US yayizisebenzisa.

Ngakho, ingabe izinto zaba ngcono? Ulwazi oluvezwa nguMackinnon empendulweni yakhe alucacile kakhulu.

ESerbia, uthi, ukuphila kungcono kakhulu. Uguquko alulethanga izinzuzo eziningi kakhulu ezimpilweni zansuku zonke zama-Serbs, umshayeli wetekisi utshela uMackinnon. Nokho, uyabhala, “Inkathi yokushoda kukaphethiloli neyokuthunyelwa kwezinsizwa ukuba iyolwela ‘iSerbia Enkulu’ kwase kudlule isikhathi eside nohleko lwasebusuku nomculo owawuchichima ezindaweni zokudlela ezigcwele eBelgrade kwakhuluma ithemba elalingakaze lizwakale. ngaphansi kombuso omdala.”

Kulokhu kanye nezinye eziningi, uMackinnon uthenga umugqa wenkulumo-ze osakazwe kahle ngaphandle kokubheka amaqiniso. Enhlanhlatha emininingwaneni ecophelelayo ayilethayo embikweni wakhe wokungena nokuphuma kokugqugquzelwa kwentando yeningi, uMackinnon ubonakala ekholelwa ukuthi bekuwuhlelo lobuSathane lukaMilosevic-hhayi unswinyo lwezomnotho noma ukuqhuma kwamabhomu kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwenqwaba yezimboni eziphethwe nguhulumeni waseSerbia. ingqalasizinda-okuholele ekuswelekeni kukaphethiloli. UMackinnon uyala amaSerb ukuthi abhekane neqhaza lawo empini, ngenkathi evumela umkhankaso wokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu we-NATO, owashiya amathani e-uranium ephelile, wakhukhula iDanube ngamakhulu amathani amakhemikhali anobuthi, futhi washisa amathani angama-80,000 kawoyela ongahluziwe (ngaleyo ndlela ukushoda kukaphethiloli) , aphume.

E-Georgia, iMackinnon iphinde ithembele empilweni yasebusuku enhloko-dolobha njengenkomba yenhlalakahle yentando yeningi yezwe. "Idolobha lagcwala umuzwa wokuthi izinto seziqala ukuhamba ngendlela efanele… Imisebenzi yokungcebeleka yabasezingeni eliphezulu kwezomnotho injalo nje; ziningi izindlela zokwahlulela inhlalakahle yezwe, kodwa ukuncika emibonweni nasemisindweni yabantu abahlala emadolobheni abanezithende ezinhle bejabulela ukuzithokozisa ngaphandle kwezinye izindlela kuyinqaba.

UMackinnon uphawula lapho ezwakalisa ukuthi umbuso osekelwa iNtshonalanga waseSaakashvili uholele “ekunciphiseni inkululeko yabezindaba,” kodwa “ukhulise umnotho.”

E-Ukraine, “amaphephandaba neziteshi zethelevishini bezikwazi ukugxeka noma ukucula noma ubani ezimfunayo,” kodwa uYuschenko owayesekelwa yiNtshonalanga yemakethe yamahhala wenza uchungechunge lwamaphutha nezinyathelo ezingathandeki, okwaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu okhethweni lweqembu lakhe eminyakeni embalwa ngemuva kokhetho. “inguquko” eyabaletha emandleni.

Ngokuxakayo, imithombo kaMackinnon-ngaphandle komshayeli wekhebhu oyinqaba-kubonakala sengathi ihlanganisa ngokuphelele abantu abathola uxhaso eNtshonalanga. Abagxeki abazimele, ngaphandle kokuguga kanye nababengosopolitiki abaketulwa esikhundleni, abekho nhlobo ekubikeni kwakhe.

Noma kunjalo, umbuzo: ingabe iNtshonalanga yenza okuhle? Emakhasini okugcina, iMackinnon iyalingana futhi ayinasinqumo.

Amanye amazwe “akhululekile futhi angcono,” kodwa uxhaso lwezimali lwaseNtshonalanga lwenza kwaba maningi amathuba okuba imibuso yengcindezelo iqede amandla okungaba yintando yeningi. E-Kazakhstan, eTurkmenistan nase-Azerbaijan, ugxeka ukuntuleka kwemali yokugqugquzela intando yeningi, eshiya ama-NGO wendawo kanye namaqembu aphikisayo elenga. Ubeka lokhu kungahambisani namalungiselelo lapho izidingo zaseMelika zisetshenzelwa kangcono imibuso yengcindezelo. Kwezinye izingxenye zesahluko, uthola ukugqugquzelwa kwentando yeningi kuyinkinga.

Ngesinye isikhathi, uphawula ukuthi “usizo [izinhlangano zase-US] ezilunikeze amaqembu ezombusazwe emazweni afana ne-Ukraine ngabe alukho emthethweni ukube i-NGO yase-Ukraine ibinikeza usizo olunjalo kumaDemocrat noma amaRepublican.” Umuntu ubuye acabange ukuthi abantu baseCanada ngeke bahlabeke umxhwele uma iVenezuela, isibonelo, inika izigidi zamadola ku-NDP. Ngempela, ithemba libonakala lingenangqondo njengoba lingenakwenzeka...futhi alikho emthethweni.

Imininingwane kaMackinnon iphakamisa ukuthi, yize engakusho ngokusobala, ukuthi ukuhlobanisa umbono “wentando yeningi” kanye nenkululeko yabakhona noxhaso lwaseNtshonalanga kanye nokugxambukela okuholwa yi-US ekubuseni kwamazwe kungenzeka kubukele phansi imizamo esemthethweni yedemokhrasi. Ngokwesibonelo, abaphikisayo eRussia batshela uMackinnon ukuthi lapho bebuthene ukuze babonise, abantu bavame ukubabheka ngendelelo futhi babuze ukuthi ubani obakhokhelayo ukuze ame emgwaqweni. Kwesinye isigameko, uMackinnon uveza ukuthi umbiko ovela kuhulumeni wobushiqela othi abaphikisi bangama-pawn aseNtshonalanga ufile.

Ukuhlola kukaMackinnon akulandeli lobu bufakazi esiphethweni sakho; akasuki embonweni wokuthi ukuqondanisa ne-US noma iRussia ukuphela kwezinketho zamazwe akulesi sifunda.

Nakuba ukuqondanisa nombuso owodwa noma omunye kungase kubonakale kungenakugwema, ubuqili bukaMackinnon beRussia-noma-US bugwema ezinye izindlela zokuthuthukisa intando yeningi. UMackinnon uyaziba, ngokwesibonelo, isiko leminyaka eminingi lobumbano emazingeni aphansi namandla entando yeningi emazweni-ikakhulukazi eLatin America-lapho omashiqela babevame ukusekelwa ngokwezimali futhi bahlonyiswe nguhulumeni wase-US. Ukunyakaza okunjalo ngokuvamile bekunomkhawulo ekunqandeni ingcindezelo eyeqisayo esikhundleni sokuxhasa izinguquko zentando yeningi, kodwa lokhu kuntuleka kwamandla kungase kubangelwe, okungenani ngokwengxenye, ukuntuleka kokusakazwa kwabezindaba okuvela ezintathelini ezivamile ezifana noMackinnon.

Uma umuntu ekhathazekile ngokuthathwa kwezinqumo zentando yeningi, khona-ke ngokuqinisekile ukhathazekile nekhono lamazwe lokwenza izinqumo ngaphandle kokugxambukela kwemibuso yangaphandle. UMackinnon futhi akakhulumi ngokuthi ukuzimela okunjalo kungenziwa kanjani. Umuntu angaqagela ukuthi kuzobandakanya ukuvimbela ukugxambukela okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla.

Impi Entsha Yomshoshaphansi iyaphawuleka ngokulandisa kwayo okuphelele kokusebenza kwangaphakathi kokukhuthazwa kwentando yeningi kanye nombono walabo abathola uxhaso. Labo abafuna ukuhlaziya okuletha ukubalwa kwezimali okuphelele kangaka ezinhlosweni zakho zangempela nemiphumela, nokho, kuzodingeka babheke kwenye indawo.

---