Umthombo: TomDispatch.com
I-Wild West entsha isithathe izimpande budebuduze ne-Tombstone, e-Arizona, eyaziwa abaningi ngokuphindaphinda kwayo okungokomlando kweNtshonalanga yakudala. Sikhuluma ngendawo ende, enomzimba omncane - i-geographic gerrymander - enabela ngasempumalanga inqamule i-New Mexico futhi yehle nge-Texan Rio Grande ukuya eGulf of Mexico. Iphinde igijimele entshonalanga inqamule amakhulu amamayela ogwadule iye eCalifornia kanye noLwandlekazi iPacific. NjengeWild West endala, lena ayinamthetho, ngaphandle komthetho wesibhamu. Kodwa leyo Ntshonalanga endala yayingenamthetho ngenxa yokuswela uhulumeni. Lona akanamthetho ngenxa yakho.
UMnyango Wezokuphepha Kwezwe, ngaphansi Igunya enikezwe yiCongress, isimemezele imithetho yobumbano engaphezu kuka-50 ukuthi ayisebenzi ezingxenyeni zomngcele wase-US neMexico, okungcono ukwakha udonga lomngcele uDonald Trump aluthembise โisisekeloโ sakhe. Imithetho yezwe engenakubalwa kanye nemithetho yendawo nayo ishanelelwe eceleni. Ngokubikezelwa, i-Endangered Species Act iphakathi kweziwile. Kanjalo neNational Historic Preservation Act, Wilderness Act, imithetho evimbela ukungcoliswa komoya namanzi, kanye nezinyathelo zokuvikela izilwane zasendle, izindawo, izindawo ezingcwele zoMdabu waseMelika, kanye nemigede nezinsalela.
I-Wild West entsha yodonga lomngcele iyiphupho eligunyazayo lapho umqashi engabhekani nemingcele futhi engenazibopho. Kusengathi uMarshall Wyatt Earp, ozelwe kabusha empumalanga enezinwele eziwolintshi engazi lutho ngeNtshonalanga yangempela, usebuyile ephethe, enquma ukuthi ubani ongenayo nokuthi ubani ophumayo, ukuthi yini ehambayo nokuthi yini ehlalayo.
Okugqamile ohlwini lwemithetho esamisiwe uMthetho Wenqubomgomo Kazwelonke Kazwelonke ka-1970, noma i-NEPA, kuze kube muva nje, bekuwunembeza wesizwe obheka phambi kwakho. Ukuhlaziywa kwemvelo kanye nezitatimende zomthelela ezidingwa yi-NEPA kungenzeka zingaphoqi uhulumeni ukuthi ahlole ukuthi ingabe uhlaka lwezigxobo zensimbi ezingamamitha angu-30 ukuphakama - ama-bollards kumagama odonga lwasemngceleni - bekuyindlela engcono ngempela yokulawula ukushushumbiswa kwezidakamizwa kunokuthuthukisa izindawo zokuhlola emachwebeni okungena. , lapho, ngawo wonke ama-akhawunti, i iningi labantu izinto ezingekho emthethweni zingena ezweni. Nokho, bazodinga labo abakhi bodonga ukuba bacabangele kusengaphambili inqwaba yeminye imibuzo ecasulayo efana nokuthi: Izilwane zasendle zizothinteka kanjani ngomgoqo ongenakudlula lutho olungaphezu kwegundane le-kangaroo? Futhi kungakanani ukumpompa amanzi endawo ayivelakancane ukwenza ukhonkolo kudonsele amanzi angaphansi asogwadule angashoni?
Imibuzo iba mikhulu, ngokushesha. Enye engase ibukeke ilula kodwa ayinandaba nezikhukhula ezigeleza ezihlanekezekile. Izindonga eziphakeme zodonga kufanele zihlukaniswe ngamasentimitha amane kuphela, okusho ukuthi zizobamba imfucumfucu yezikhukhula ngendlela i-colander ebamba ngayo i-spaghetti.
Ake sicacise. I I-San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge inqamula umngcele ekhoneni eliseningizimu-mpumalanga ekude ye-Arizona. I-Black Draw, umsele odlula phakathi nendawo yesiphephelo, ngokuvamile yomile njengomgwaqo oshisayo. Lapho ukuduma kwezulu kuqhuma phezu kwesigodi esikhulu saseSan Bernardino, nokho, amanzi ezikhukhula angakhuphuka ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-20 ukuphakama. Cabanga ngodonga lwamanzi kashokoledi ashanela iziqu zezihlahla, izihlahla ezisindiwe, inkomo efile ngezikhathi ezithile, nezigxobo zothango eziklajwe ngocingo. Cabanga ukuthi kwenzekani lapho leso sifufula sihlangana nomgoqo owakhiwe njengesefa. Udoti uyabamba bese udala idamu. Amanzi ayahlehla, futhi ingcindezi iyakhula. Uma udonga lwakhiwe njengeDamu leHoover, lungase lubambe, kodwa ngeke lube futhi ngeke.
Ngo-2014, izikhukhula eBlack Draw zashanela izithiyo zezimoto, zahlakaza izingcezu ezansi nomfula. Abafuyi bendawo bangibonise izithombe. Ungase uthi ugwadule lwaluveza iphuzu lokuthi lungaba manzi kangakanani. Eqinisweni, ayikho imfihlakalo mayelana nokuthi kuzokwenzekani uma isikhukhula esinjalo sihlasela udonga olunzima kakhulu. Uma idokhumenti ye-NEPA bekufanele ihlole udonga lomngcele, indinyana exoxa ngalesi senzakalo ingase idinge ukuba umbhali wayo asungule igama lokuthi udonga luba yini uma lulele phansi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ushiya izikhala ukuze kudlule izikhukhula, khona-ke abashushumbisi futhi - kuDonald Trump kanye nesizinda sakhe - abantu abanebala lesikhumba elimnyama ngokungamukeleki bangase beze ngenye indlela. Hhayi ukuthi babezokwenza. Njengabahlali bendawo engikhulume nabo ukufakaza, ukuzulazula okusebenzayo, ukuzwa okukude, nokuxhumana okuthuthukisiwe phakathi kwezikhungo zomthetho kunciphise ukuwela okungekho emthethweni eSan Bernardino Valley cishe kwaze kwaba ngu-zero, into izikhulu zikahulumeni zamanje ezingayivezi kodwa idokhumenti ye-NEPA izoyiveza.
Njengoba i-NEPA ingekho esithombeni, abathintekayo kufanele bafune kuphela ukuthi bazothola isisombululo kamuva futhi, lapho "kamuva" ifika, mhlawumbe bayobe sebedlulele kweminye imisebenzi.
I-Pittsburgh Emngceleni
Khonamanjalo, kunomunye umbuzo okungeke kudingeke kubhekwane nawo: Mangakanani amanzi azodinga ukwakhiwa kodonga? Impendulo ibalulekile endaweni lapho amanzi eyindlala khona. Futhi, iSan Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge inikeza indawo ewusizo yokucabangela lo mbuzo.
Ukuze ufike esiphephelweni, ushayela ubheke ngasempumalanga usuka edolobheni laseDouglas ugudla iGeronimo Trail, umgwaqo ongagandayiwe wezwe onemizila emibili oqanjwe ngawo ngokwethembeka. Umholi wama-Apache wekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye uGeronimo uzinikele embuthweni wamasosha ase-U.S. ezintabeni eziphambi kwakho. Ngaphambi nje kokuba ufinyelele endaweni yokukhosela, ukhuphuka phezulu ubheke lokho umhloli wendawo ekuqaleni akuphambanisa ngepaki yezimboni entsha. Kwaba sengathi ingxenye ye-Pittsburgh noma i-Youngstown iqhume ngokuzumayo ogwadule, kunehlathi elanele le-mesquite ne-creosote elisusiwe ukuze kufakwe imboni yokuhlanganisa ukhonkolo, ama-trailer asehhovisi, kanye nendawo enkulu yesiteji negceke lemishini.
Izitaki zensimbi zimi zinde kunezindlu, zivala isikhala somakhelwane. Igridi yama-rails ensimbi yokwendlalwa lawo ma-bollards nokuwashisela ezingxenyeni zodonga lwendwangu yangaphambili ithatha elinye ihektare noma amabili, ngale kwalokho izitaki zezigaba eziqediwe zimboza amahektha engeziwe. Phambi kwalezo zitaki, izingcezwana ezimbalwa zodonga zime ziqondile kodwa zahlukene, njengezindawo ezingcwele zikankulunkulu wensimbi - mhlawumbe prakthiza ukumisa, uma uzolixolela leli binzana. Kusabalele kule ndawo kukhona ama-forklift, ama-grader, ama-loaders, ama-bulldozer, ama-excavators, amaloli eveni, ama-flatbed, nama-cranes. Amajeneretha namalambu esikhukhula kumarigi anamasondo apakwe emaphethelweni, alungele ukukhanyisa amashifu asebusuku newashi. Eduze kombhoshongo ohlanganisayo, ongase uqhudelane nehhotela i-Gadsden e-Douglas njengesakhiwo eside kunazo zonke e-Cochise County, amaloli kasimende anqwabelana njengodoti lwemidlwane.
Futhi insimbi eyengeziwe ilokhu ifika. Ifu elisondelayo lothuli ku-Geronimo Trail libonisa umugqa wamasemi angenayo alayishwe amanye ama-bollards. Badlulisa izimpawu ezisanda kufakwa ezithi: โQaphela: Imishini Inelungelo Lendlelaโ kanye nethi โAbabeka Izingozi Bangabenzi Bezingozi.โ
Le mininingwane, nokho, iyisandulela somcimbi omkhulu. Uma ubheka ngaseMexico, udonga olungamakhilomitha anguhhafu seluvele lumile, luguquguquka namagquma. Kucabange njenge-Steelhenge emnyama, ewumugqa, i-monolith ehlola izintaba zeSonoran ezicwebezelayo eziseningizimu. Ungabona lapho izigaba ezilandelayo zizophakanyiswa khona. Ukwakhiwa sekufike endaweni yokukhosela.
Lapho Inyamazane Nenyamazane Kungcono Ukungadlali
Ukugeleza kwamanzi okungaphezulu nangaphansi komhlaba asuka cishe kuso sonke isigodi saseSan Bernardino kuhlangana endaweni yesiphephelo, kudala indawo eshisayo enhliziyweni yogwadule. Ukube lena bekuyiSahara, amakharavani ngabe kade ame ngasemachibini ayo aluhlaza izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Njengoba kunjalo, ama-Apache, amaYaquis, iTohono Oโodham, nabanduleli bawo baye bawasebenzisa amanzi alo kusukela esikhathini eside esidlule, njengoba kwenza abaseSpain, abaseMexico, nabaseMelika kamuva abalwela ukuthatha izwe kubo nakubo komunye nomunye. Amachibi acashe phakathi kwamahlathi omhlanga.
I-San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge inesizotha njengoba iziphephelo zihamba - amahektha ayi-2,369 kuphela - kodwa yake yaba yingxenye ye-sprawling, 73,240-acre. Slaughter Ranch, izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zazo ziseMexico. Eduze kwesiphephelo, indlunkulu yepulazi, manje eyisizinda somlando, inesiziba sayo esikhulu. Kusukela kulelo chibi noma kunoma yisiphi salabo abasendaweni yesiphephelo, i-slugger yeligi enkulu ingakhipha i-baseball ngaphandle kwezwe.
Osonkontileka abakha udonga bambe imithombo emithathu ngasemngceleni base beqasha owesine. Amaloli ethangi ahlala evaleka phakathi kwemithombo nesikhungo sikakhonkolo. Akekho oshoyo ukuthi kuzodla malini ukwakhiwa kwezindonga zamanzi. Isisekelo sodonga sizoba - ini? Igceke elibanzi namafidi ayisikhombisa ukushona? Izinyawo eziyishumi ukujula? Uxolo, lolo ulwazi oluyilungelo, hhayi olusetshenziswa umphakathi.
Noma kunjalo, isisekelo esikule ndawo sizohamba ibanga lamakhilomitha, kude kunalokho ongakubona, futhi sisebenzisa ukhonkolo owanele ukwakha idolobhana elincane - futhi ukhonkolo udinga amanzi. Kuningi.
Ukumpompa kuzoyiqeda malini amanzi angaphansi komhlaba? Akekho owaziyo ngoba, i-NEPA engekho, akekho obekumele ayithole. Akukho ukumodela, akukho ukuhlolwa okunzima, akukho izibalo ezithembekile. Noma kunjalo, abafuyi bendawo bangathanda ukwazi impendulo. Bathembele emithonjeni nasematangeni amanzi ahlakazekile ogwadule lapho izinkomo zabo ziphuzela khona.
Inhlanhla kubo. Futhi inhlanhla, futhi, nakuyo abagxeki okufanele isiphephelo sihlinzekeโฆ kahle, isiphephelo.
Ngingakwazi ukuphrinta uhlu lwezinhlanzi ezingavamile, amaxoxo, iminenke, izinyoka, nezinye izinto eziphilayo ezitholakala lapha futhi cishe kwenye indawo eMhlabeni, ingasaphathwa eyezitshalo eziyivelakancane, izilwane ezincelisayo ezijikelezayo (ezinye nazo eziyivelakancane), kanye namakhulu. yezinhlobo zezinyoni ezisebenzisa le ndawo. Ogwadule, amanzi athembekile awuhlobo lwesimangaliso oluheha futhi ludale ezinye izimangaliso.
I-San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge, ungase uthi, iyiqoqo lezimangaliso. Ziningi kakhulu ongazifaka ohlwini. Futhi uhlu olude lwamagama axakile lungathatha isikhala esiningi futhi nomsindo onesihloko. Ngizikhathalela kakhulu lezo zidalwa, kodwa angifuni ukuzwakala kanjalo.
Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, ngicishe ngesaba ukufunda amagama ezinye zezidalwa zalapho okuphephela khona ngoba kuzobe kubuhlungu kakhulu uma zenqaba ukushabalala. Udonga ngokuqinisekile luzogudluza, noma mhlawumbe lusunduze, abaningi babo baye kuleyo ndlela. Noma kunjalo, kufanele ngibale ezimbili zazo. Amagama abo asikisela uhlobo lwezinkondlo ze-taxonomic, umculo wemvelo. Akuzona ngempela eziyivelakancane, kodwa zizwakala zingcono kakhulu: Yaqui topminnow. I-Chiricahua ixoxo lengwe. Amazwi awela ezindlebeni njengemiculo, evusa imfihlakalo yempilo ethambile ezweni elinzima. Njengamalungu ohlobo oluthile, mina nawe sivamile njengamalahle. Ohlelweni olukhulu lwezinto eziphilayo, izidalwa ezinjengalezi zingamarubi namasafire.
Khohlwa Inqubomgomo, Landela Isingathekiso
Akunakwenzeka ukuqonda udonga, okungenani eSan Bernardino Valley, ngokwenqubomgomo. Njengoba omunye umfuyi wangitshela ephuze ikhofi e-Gadsden Hotel, โLolu donga lungase ludingeke endaweni ethile, kodwa aludingeki lapha.โ
Ukube udonga lukaTrump belumayelana nenqubomgomo ngempela, izinzuzo nezingozi zalo bezingalinganiswa namanye amasu adinga izinhlobo ezahlukene zokutshalwa kwezimali. Kepha lena yi-Wild West entsha, lapho ukwahlulela okunengqondo, imithetho, nezinqubo ziphazamisa kuphela.
Iqiniso lodonga lisesingathekiso. Uma I-Chiricahua ixoxo lengwe idlulisa uhlobo lwesankondlo kubantu abanjengami, bese kuba izigidi zabanye becula โYakha Udonga!โ kufana nokushaya isigubhu esikhulu sebhesi. Wonke umuntu uyaqonda udonga! Noma ngabe isakhiwo singasebenzi endaweni ebonakalayo, sisebenza engqondweni yakho. Ima phakathi kwakho nakho konke okubi ongakucabanga. Iqiniso eliwumgogodla elihlanganisa uTrump nabasekeli bakhe ukuthi uzonda esimzondayo - futhi udonga lwasemngceleni lumele ukuvimbela labo bantu abangafunwa nakho konke abamele.
Yingakho udonga lungakwazi ukuhlangana ne-NEPA. Izitatimende zomthelela azenzi izithombe. Uma ngempela ufuna ukulwisana nokushushumbiswa kwezidakamizwa, isibonelo, ungagxilisa imizamo yakho emachwebeni okungena amisiwe, lapho izigidigidi zamadola ezimpahla kanye nezigidi zabantu zinqamula ezweni elithile ukuya kwelinye nsuku zonke. Inqwaba ye-fentanyl, i-cocaine, i-heroin, nezinye izidakamizwa ezinamandla ezingena e-U.S. kubikwa ukuthi ifihliwe phakathi kwezinto ezithengwayo ezisemthethweni ezimotweni zikaloliwe kanye namaloli ayo yonke incazelo. Noma bafihlwa emagumbini ayimfihlo emabhasini, emavenini, ezimotweni nasemalolini. (I-imeyili yase-U.S omunye umsele omkhulu.) Okwamanje, kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngaphezulu kuka-$ 4 billion kuma-scanner amasha, imizila yokuhlola, kanye nabantu abazosebenza kuzo bayadingeka. Ukwenza lokho kutshalwa kwezimali kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu kakhulu ekuhambeni kwezidakamizwa kunokusebenzisa imali efanayo ukufaka ama-bollards lapho engadingeki khona futhi engeke ahlale. Kunezindlela ezingcono zokuphatha abantu, futhi, kodwa masingaphazamiseki endabeni yangempela.
Izindleko zokwakha udonga onyakeni Wezimali ka-2019 zafinyelela cishe amabhiliyoni angama-10. Ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kuphela yaleyo mali empeleni eyabelwa uKhongolose ngezinhlaka zokuphepha emngceleni. Ukuletha enye imali esele kwakudinga ukuvinjelwa okuhlakaniphile kwenhloso yomthethosisekelo.
Nansi enye yazo: unyaka nonyaka iCongress yabela lokho okubizwa ngezimali ze-2808 kuMnyango Wezokuvikela ngamaphrojekthi wokwakha ezisekelweni zamasosha, okubandakanya izikole, imitholampilo, imigwaqo, nezinye izingqalasizinda. Izindleko ezinjalo zilinganiselwe empahleni yezempi futhi umngcele wamazwe ngamazwe neMexico awusona - noma wawungesona - isizinda samasosha. KwabakwaTrumpista, nokho, akuyona inkinga.
Ngo-1907, uMongameli uTeddy Roosevelt wagodla a I-easement engamamitha angama-60 endaweni yomphakathi ngasemngceleni oseningizimu ukuze igcinwe โingenazihibe njengesivikelo ekushushumbisweni kwezimpahla phakathi kwe-United States neMexico.โ Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, "i-Roosevelt easement" iphathwe yi-Bureau of Land Management, kodwa ngonyaka odlule abaphathi bakaTrump badlulisele lesi sikhalazo eMnyangweni Wezokuvikela, okuyinto ngokuzibophezela. eyabelwe yona njengempahla ethengiswayo e-Fort Bliss, eTexas.
Voila! Manje, i-Roosevelt Easement iyingxenye yesizinda samasosha futhi i-tendril ye-Fort Bliss inweba ngokusemthethweni iye e-Arizona, New Mexico, naseCalifornia - kodwa hhayi e-Texas. (I-Lone Star State ibigodlele indawo yayo yomphakathi lapho ingena kwinyunyana, ngakho-ke akukho I-Roosevelt Easement lapho.) Ngokobuchwepheshe, ukwakhiwa kodonga lomngcele ngaphakathi kwendawo ekhululekile manje kuhlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Fort Bliss, okuthuthukisa ukulungela kwezempi, i-yadda, i-yadda, i-yadda. Kukhona okungaphezu kwalokho, okuhlanganisa nokukamongameli isimemezelo esisemthethweni zesimo esiphuthumayo sikazwelonke ngoFebhuwari odlule, esinikeze amandla ezinye izinyathelo, kodwa uyawuthola umqondo. Lapho kukhona intando, kukhona indlela yombuso.
Nokho, njengoba kwenzeka, imali yePentagon yokuxhasa ukwakhiwa kodonga ngaphansi kwesiphephelo saseSan Bernardino ngokwayo ivela embizeni ehlukile: "284" imali, okuhloselwe umsebenzi wokulwa nezidakamizwa. Ukuphambukisa amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2.5 yalezi zimali odongeni lwasemngceleni, ukusho okungenani, kwakuyinto elula, ngakho kwamangalelwa umfelandawonye wamaqembu asiza abantu kanye nezemvelo. Inkantolo yesifunda yabavuna futhi yakhipha isimemezelo, sokumisa ukusetshenziswa kwezimali zokwakha. Uchungechunge olusheshayo lwezikhalazo lwaya eNkantolo Ephakeme futhi abaPhakeme bathi, Hmmm, umbuzo othokozisayo, ozothatha isikhathi ukuthi izinkantolo eziphansi ziwuxazulule; okwamanje, umyalo uyaphakanyiswa. Ngakho-ke uxhaso lwaphinde lwageleza njengesikhukhula. Uma izinkantolo ekugcineni zinquma ukuthi ukudluliswa kwezimali akulungile ngempela, kungenzeka ukuthi udonga selwakhiwe kakade. Ngiyabonga, Supremes.
Amadola kanye Nonsense
Ngikhohliwe ukusho okuthile: ngaphezu kokumisa imithetho engaphezu kuka-50 evikela imihlaba, izilwane zasendle, kanye nezithakazelo zomphakathi, uhulumeni uphinde wayihoxisa imithetho eminingi yokuthengwa kwempahla futhi wagqiba nemininingwane eminingi yenkontileka. Lokhu kusho ukuthi mina nawe sizoba nobunzima bokufunda ukuthi kubizani noma yini, nakuba amadola ethu entela ekhokhela lokho.
Isibonelo: umgoqo ozokwakhiwa onqenqemeni lwesiphephelo saseSan Bernardino, unqamule izilwane zayo zasendle ezisemhlabeni engxenyeni yezwe laseMexico futhi ngokunokwenzeka uchithe amachibi lapho ezinye zezidalwa eziyivelakancane zisinda khona, kuyingxenye yenkontileka ye-63 amamayela odonga lomngcele olunikezwe iSouthwest Valley Constructors (SWVC), inkampani engaphansi kwe I-Kiewit, inkampani ye-Fortune 500 enezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-9 zamaRandi ekuthengisweni konyaka.
Inkontileka yokuqala yangoMeyi 2019 yanikezela ngezigidi ezingama- $ 646 ku-SWVC, ibeka izindleko zodonga lwesiphephelo ku- $ 10.25 wezigidi ngemayela, ukweba kwangempela. Kodwa uzodinga ukwazi othile ongangena kudathabhesi efanelekile kahulumeni ukuze uthole ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwesihlanu kwenkontileka yasekuqaleni, esayinwe ngo-Agasti 29, kwengeze enye imali eyizigidi ezingu-653 ku-kitty. Manje, lawo mamayela angu-63 azobiza u-$1.3 billion, noma cishe amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-21 ngemayela.
Futhi-ke, ingabe ngishilo ukuthi ukwakhiwa kuzohlanganisa intambo kagesi kanye nezibani zezikhukhula ezinsikeni ezingamamitha angu-60 ukuze zikhanyise udonga ubusuku bonke, njalo ngobusuku bonyaka? Nginabangane eSan Bernardino Valley abavele bakhale - futhi ababona abantu abakhalayo - lapho becabanga ngezibani zalolo donga ezivutha kulokho okwakuwubumnyama obukhulu, obungcwele bezwe labo langaphambili elingenasici.
Ngingakwazi ukuminyanisa ngakho mina ngokwami, kodwa ungaqiniseka ukuthi abashushumbisi ngeke. Lapha kulapho izinto ziba yinqaba ngempela: kholwa noma ungakholwa, ubumnyama bunguzakwabo we-U.S. Customs and Border Patrol (CBP). Abantu bakhona banezibuko zokubona ebusuku kanti ama-drones ayo nezinye izinzwa zinezitho ezibona nge-infrared. Abakudingi ukukhanya. Gcwalisa umngcele ngokukhanya futhi, ngokuphambene nalokho, i-CBP iphuphuthekisiwe, ulahlekelwe inzuzo. Kwakuwumbono kabani lo? Akekho oshoyo, kodwa kubonakala sengathi uvela, ahem, izinga eliphezulu kakhulu. Into enhle i-NEPA ayisebenzi.
Ake sithuthuke kancane kancane: entshonalanga ye-Arizona, eduze kolayini waseCalifornia, ufika ku-Barry M. Goldwater Range (BMGR). Lapha, abashayeli bezindiza abasebancane be-Air Force kanye ne-Marine bafunda ukudubula nokuqhumisa amabhomu. Abafuduki baziwa ngokuwela umngcele wamazwe omhlaba e-BMGR kodwa, ngokusho kuka imidwebo yasenkantolo, kule minyaka emihlanu edlule abafuduki bathole izindlela zomoya eziyi-195 kwezingu-255,732 - ngaphansi kuka-0.1%.
Isithiyo esivele sikhona sabahamba ngezinyawo eduze komngcele omningi wobubanzi kungenzeka sibe nomthelela kuleli zinga eliphansi lesiphambeko - futhi amabhomu nezinhlamvu kungasiza, nakho. Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu ngokungangabazeki ukushisa okukhangayo kwalolu chungechunge kanye nobugwadule kanye namabanga amade umfuduki okungadingeka awahambe ukuze afinyelele noma iyiphi indawo okungenzeka alandwe kuyo noma ahlangane kuyo. Noma kunjalo udonga lwesibili, olusekela olokuqala, manje seluhlelelwe ukwakhiwa e-BMGR, nomgwaqo ophakathi kwezindonga ezimbili, phansi lapho abagibeli be-CBP bazogijima njengama-hamster esondweni eliyisicaba.
Ake sivumelane, njengoba uSihlalo wangaphambili we-Joint Chiefs of Staff uJenene uJoseph Dunford, Omncane. imemorandamu kuNobhala Wezokuvikela owayebambele ngaleso sikhathi uPatrick Shanahan, ukuthi udonga oluphindwe kabili lwe-BMGR alwenzi mqondo ngokwenqubomgomo. Mayelana nesingathekiso, nokho, ukubopha kabili umngcele lapho kungekho muntu ohambayo kunengqondo ngokuphelele. Uma umgomo uwukwakha amamayela odonga, izindleko nezinzuzo zilahlwe, ungase futhi uwakhe lapho kungekho muntu ozokuvimba. Yakha udonga!
Futhi ngakho ngempela kwakhiwa, ngezindleko ukwephula hhayi nje iSan Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge, kodwa iCabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, i-Organ Pipe National Monument, iLower Rio Grande National Wildlife Refuge, iSanta Ana National Wildlife Refuge, isikhungo sedolobha esinomlando saseRom, eTexas, nezinye eziphakeme nezihlukile. izindawo. Umuntu angase abuze ukuthi kungani ukuhluka okungaka nokungavamile kulele emngceleni wethu oseningizimu. Impendulo emfushane ukuthi izindawo ezisemngceleni ziyindawo yokuhlangana yemiphakathi yezinto eziphilayo kanye namasiko. Njengoba umdwebi wokudlala weChicano uGuillermo Gรณmez-Peรฑa ekubeka, โUmngcele indawo lapho, hhayi umphetho.โ
Kepha umphetho yilokho kanye udonga lukaMongameli uTrump oluzokwenza. Ukwakhiwa kwezindonga kwaba futhi kuseyisithembiso sakhe esiphambili somkhankaso: Amamayela angu-500 yodonga ngoNovemba ka-2020, noma amamayela angu-450, noma iyiphi inombolo ngosuku kwenzeka. USomlomo uNancy Pelosi, u Washington Post, nabanye bazamile ukudicilela phansi izifuba zikamengameli bethi empeleni alukho udonga olusha alwakhile futhi izethembiso zakhe azinalutho.
Ezibalweni zabo, ukufaka udonga olungamafidi angama-30 ubude ezithiyo zezimoto โkuwukumiselelaโ kuphela ngakho-ke akuhlanganisi ukwakhiwa โokushaโ. Lokho kufana nokuphikisana nokuthi ukubophela inqola yendiza lapho isikebhe besigwedla akushintshi lutho ngoba kusenomkhumbi owodwa ethekwini. Ukudlala okunjalo kwe-semantic kusibekela kuphela umonakalo osuvele wenziwa kubantu nasemhlabeni osemngceleni - futhi akupheli. Isivumelwano sesabelomali sekhongolose esakhishwa ngoDisemba 2019 sithatha esinye $ 1.375 billion ukwakhiwa kodonga ngonyaka wezimali ka-2020, ngenkathi kususwa izithiyo ekudluliseleni okwengeziwe kwezimali zePentagon. Futhi uTrump akanamahloni ngalokho kudluliselwa. Ngokusobala uhlela ukuphambukisa $7.2 billion ngaphezulu kusukela kumaphrojekthi we-Pentagon asemthethweni kuya ekwakhiweni kwezindonga kulo nyaka.
Izinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe zezidakamizwa kufanele zisibonge. Udonga ngeke lunqande ibhizinisi labo eliyinhloko lokushushumbisa futhi izinqubomgomo ezintsha zabaphathi bakaTrump zokuthuthela kwelinye izwe seziguqule lokho okwakukade kuyicala elincane - ukuthumba abantu ukuze bahlengwe - kwaba imboni yokukhula. Amashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu abafuna indawo yokukhosela i-US eyenqabile ukungena kubo manje sebeminyene emijondolo yamakhadibhodi emadolobheni asemngceleni waseMexico, abasengozini yezilwane ezidla abantu. Izihlobo zabo e-United States - abantu abebezama ukubafinyelela - bazocela, baboleke, noma bantshontshe khokha inhlawulo okufunwa abathumbi abaqhubeka bematasa (nonya) eMexico.
Lokho, nokho, kuwumonakalo nje wesibambiso ezweni labakhululekile. Yebo, abafuna indawo yokukhosela sibaphatha njengokungathi bayizinhlobo eziphansi zabantu. Bakhuluma ezihlekisayo. Abafani nathi. Futhi siphatha izindawo ezisemngceleni nezidalwa zayo ngokwethembeka okufanayo esakubonisa amaKurds. Phela thina siseMelika. Ngemva kodonga lwethu, sibadala futhi.
UWilliam DeBuys, a I-TomDispatch ejwayelekile, ungumbhali wezincwadi eziyisishiyagalolunye, kuhlanganisa I-Unicorn Yokugcina: Ukusesha Esinye Sezidalwa Ezingavamile Emhlabeni futhi Ubugwadule obukhulu: Ukuguquka Kwesimo Sezulu kanye Nekusasa LeNingizimu-ntshonalanga yaseMelika.
Lesi sihloko sivele okokuqala ku-TomDispatch.com, i-weblog ye-Nation Institute, enikeza ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kweminye imithombo, izindaba, kanye nemibono evela ku-Tom Engelhardt, umhleli wesikhathi eside ekushicileleni, umsunguli we-American Empire Project, umbhali we Ukuphela Kwesiko Lokunqoba, njengenoveli, Izinsuku Zokugcina Zokushicilela. Incwadi yakhe yakamuva ithi, A Isizwe Esingenziwanga Ngempi (Haymarket Books).
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela