UMongameli, amaSenetha, amaCongress, abamele abezindaba, nabantu abaningi abavamile bakhuluma njalo, kulezi zinsuku, ngeWashington "ukufunda ukuphila ngokwamandla ethu." NgoLwesihlanu olwedlule, inkampani ezimele, iStandard and Poor (S&P), ithe ubungozi bokuboleka imali e-US bunyukile ngoba i-US ibingaphili ngokwamandla ayo (okungukuthi ukuboleka kakhulu). Nokho, izincazelo zalezi zenzo ezimbili ezihlobene azikho njengoba zibonakala.
“Ukuphila ngokwamandla ethu,” njengomthetho wesabelomali sikahulumeni wase-US, kuwukungathembeki, kuyihlazo, nokuzenzisa. Okokuqala, bekukuphi ukukhathazeka ngokuphila ngokwamandla ethu lapho intela yezinkampani kanye nabacebile inqanyulwa ikakhulukazi kusukela ngo-2000? Lokho kuncishiswa kwehlise kakhulu “izindlela” zikahulumeni ukuze kuzuze abambalwa abacebe kakhulu. Ngaleso sikhathi labo bantu bathembisa ukuchuma kwezomnotho okuhle ababethi kuzophumela. Eqinisweni, sibe nenkinga embi kakhulu yezomnotho emhlabeni jikelele kanye negebe elikhula njalo phakathi kwabacebile nabampofu e-US. Nokho "ukuphila ngokwamandla ethu" akuzange kuzwakale phakathi kwenjabulo yokwehliswa kwentela kwezamabhizinisi nabacebile.
Okwesibili, wawukuphi lowo mthetho ngenkathi iWashington inquma ukuchitha imali yokugcina impi enkulu (ngisho nanjengokuphela kwamandla amakhulu emhlabeni) noma ezimpini ezibiza kakhulu e-Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan naseLibya? Cha, khona-ke inkulumo yayimayelana nokuphepha kwezwe kuphela nokuvimbela ukuhlaselwa lapha.
Okwesithathu, lapho amabhange, izinkampani zomshwalense, nezinkampani ezinkulu ziholela ekuweni komnotho ngo-2007, bafuna futhi bathola izigidigidi eWashington ukuze bakhiphe ibheyili. Akukho-ke ukukhuluma mayelana "nokuphila ngokwamandla ethu" njengenqubomgomo yenhlangano. Ukusindisa umnotho kwaba yintukuthelo yonke njengoba amaRiphabhulikhi namaDemocrats bewela omunye komunye ukuze basebenzise ekukhishweni kwebheyili.
Kumanje kuphela osopolitiki abakhathazekile "ngokuphila ngokwamandla ethu." Yeka ukuthi ibinzana elilula kangakanani lokunikeza izizathu kanye nokuthethelela ukuncishiswa kwezindleko ezigabeni ezimaphakathi nabampofu. Yeka ukuthi kuhle kangakanani ezinkampanini nakubantu abacebile, nokuthi umgunyathi ngokuphelele kangakanani. Ihlazo yilo eliqondene nalabo abasebenzisa imisho enjalo.
Ekugcineni, leli gama likugwema kahle ukuchaza ukuthi "izindlela zethu" kufanele zifake ini. Isibonelo, ingabe imali engenayo enkulu yezigidi nezigidigidi zamadola kanye nengcebo yengxenye ecebe kakhulu "yezindlela" uhulumeni okufanele aphile ngayo "ngaphakathi?" I-United States inomnotho ongaphezu kokwanele ukuvumela izwe ukuthi likhokhise intela ngendlela efanele futhi lenze imisebenzi yalo efanele ngaphandle kokuboleka. Abanikazi bezinkampani nabacebile balowo mcebo omningi bayakuphika kuhulumeni uma ingekho inzuzo eqondile kubo. Inkinga yethu kazwelonke akuzona izindlela ezinganele. Kunalokho kuwuhlelo oluvumela izinkampani kanye nabacebile ukuthi bacwile kuhulumeni bese behlela ukuba osopolitiki abathembele kubo bashumayele ngombuso “abaphila ngokwamandla ethu.”
Umzenzisi igama lesibili, ngemva kokuhlazisa, okungelabantu abakhuluma izinto ezinjalo.
Ukunaka okuningi manje kugxile esimemezelweni sangoLwesihlanu olwedlule se-S&P sokuthi yehlise izikweletu zase-US zisuka ku-AAA zaya ku-AA+ ngoba sekuyingozi kakhulu kubantu abakweletayo ukuboleka i-US. Kodwa-ke, akubalulekile ukuthi ezinye izinkampani ezimbili ezinkulu zokulinganisa azizange zenze okufanayo. Futhi akubalulekile ukuthi zonke lezo zinkampani ezikalayo zifanelwe idumela elibi ngoba zilinganisele i-AAA iningi lezibambiso ezawa ngo-2007/2008 futhi zafaka umnotho ongalingani kahle wawenza waba sengozini enkulu. Futhi ukwehliswa akuphoqi izindleko ezinkulu zemali noma nini maduze.
Ukwehliselwa phansi kwe-S&P kubalulekile ngoba kucacisa futhi kugcizelela izinhlangothi ezimbili ezibalulekile zeqiniso lezomnotho lanamuhla iningi labahlaziyi elikazibile noma lalulaza. Ubukhulu bokuqala buphathelene nokuthi kungani isikweletu sikazwelonke sase-US sikhuphuka ngokushesha. Kunezizathu ezintathu ezinkulu: (1) ukuncishiswa kwentela okukhulu ikakhulukazi ezinkampanini nakubacebile kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1970 futhi ikakhulukazi kusukela ngo-2000 kuye kwanciphisa imali engenayo engena eWashington, (2) izimpi zomhlaba ezibizayo ikakhulukazi kusukela ngo-2000 zikhulise imali kahulumeni ngendlela ephawulekayo, futhi (3) ) ukutakulwa okumba eqolo kwamabhange angasebenzi kahle, izinkampani zomshwalense, izinkampani ezinkulu, kanye nohlelo lwezomnotho ngokuvamile kusukela ngo-2007 ngokufanayo kuye kwakwandisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwemali kukahulumeni. Njengoba imali yentela encane engenayo evela ezinkampanini kanye nemali ecebile nengaphezulu kwezokuvikela/izimpi nokutakulwa kwebheyili, uhulumeni kwadingeka aboleke umehluko. Duh!
Lezi yizizathu ezifanayo ezintathu ezidalula ihlazo nobuzenzisi balabo abatshela uhulumeni manje ukuthi "aphile ngokwamandla akhe."
Uhlangothi lwesibili luphathelene "nesivumelwano" esisanda kuvunyelwana ngaso phakathi kukaMongameli Obama namaRepublican. Leso sivumelwano sikhuphula isikweletu sikazwelonke eminyakeni ezayo ngoba asiguquli noma yiziphi izikweletu ezinkulu ezintathu ezibalwe ngenhla. Isivumelwano sibonisa amandla ezepolitiki ezinkampani nabacebile, ukugcina ukuncishiswa kwabo kwentela, uxhaso, nemiyalo emikhulu kahulumeni ingakathintwa. Yize izinhlangothi zombili zenza sengathi zikhathazekile ngesikweletu, ziphikisana kuphela ngokuthi uhulumeni uzonciphisa malini ukusetshenziswa kwabantu.
I-S&P yehlise isikweletu sikazwelonke saseMelika ngoba uhulumeni ulokhu eboleka izizumbulu zemali. I-S&P ibona ngokuyisisekelo ezombusazwe inkinga esisazoyithola kubakweletwayo base-US (okungukuthi abanikazi bezibambiso ze-US Treasury). Kuyoze kube nini isixuku sabantu baseMelika singamukeli nje kuphela isimo esibucayi sezomnotho esiletha ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi, ukudliwa kwezindlu, ukunciphisa amaholo angempela kanye nezinzuzo zomsebenzi, kodwa manje nokuncishiswa kokusekelwa kukahulumeni? Kuzoqhuma nini ukuhlehla kwezepolitiki futhi kungaba nomthelela omubi kangakanani kubabolekisi base-US?
Ingabe abantu bazofuna ukuba intela yabo iyeke ukukhokhela abakweletwayo (izinkampani, abacebile, nabangaphandle) esikhundleni salokho isetshenziselwe izinkonzo zomphakathi ezidingwa abantu? Ingozi efanayo yezombangazwe yenze izinkampani ezikalayo ukuthi zehlise izinga lezikweletu zaseGreece, Portugal, njll. Okwenzeka lapho manje sekufinyelele ogwini lwethu.
Ukwehliswa kwesilinganiso se-S&P kuqinisekise lokho izingqapheli ezinengqondo esezikwazi kakade (uma kubhekwa ukuthi ukuhlehla kwezombusazwe okulimaza ababolekisi bekuvame ukwenzeka emlandweni wakamuva). Abakweletwayo badinga ukukhathazeka ngenhlanganisela yezinkinga zezomnotho, ukungalingani okukhulayo kwengcebo, imali engenayo, namandla, kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwezepolitiki manje okuchaza i-US. Ubungozi bokuhlehla kwabakweletayo bukhuphuka ngesikweletu sikazwelonke. Ukukhathazeka akunangqondo futhi kuyingozi kubo. Amathuba oshintsho kwezombusazwe ayakhula kithina.
Richard D. Wolff unguSolwazi Emeritus eNyuvesi yaseMassachusetts e-Amherst futhi unguSolwazi Ovakashile OHlelweni Lweziqu Ezifundweni Zamazwe Ngamazwe eNyuvesi Yesikole Esisha eNew York. Nguye umsunguli we Ukuhamba Okusha ku-Marxian Theory (Routledge, 2006) phakathi kwezinye izincwadi eziningi. Bheka ifilimu ka-Richard D. Wolff ekhuluma ngenkinga yezomnotho ekhona manje,I-Capitalism Ishaya abalandeli, ku www.capitalismhitsthefan.com. Vakashela iwebhusayithi kaWolf ku- www.rdwolff.com, futhi oda ikhophi yencwadi yakhe entsha I-Capitalism Ishaya Abalandeli: Ukuwohloka Kwezomnotho Kwembulunga yonke kanye nokuthi yini okufanele ukwenze ngayo.
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