NGO-November 7, usuku olwandulela uMkhandlu Wezokuphepha weNhlangano Yezizwe uvotele isinqumo esenze ukuhlasela kweMelika neBrithani e-Iraq kwanda kakhulu, i-Downing Street yaqala ukukhipha izixwayiso ngezinsongo zobuphekula ezihlasela i-United Kingdom.
Izikebhe zeCross-Channel, iLondon Underground nemicimbi emikhulu yomphakathi konke kwathiwa โkuhlosiweโ.
Imithombo kaHulumeni engaziwa ichaze "izinyathelo zokuphepha eziphuthumayo" ezihlanganisa "ibutho elisheshayo lokusabela lamasosha aphethe" kanye neqembu lezindiza zempi "ezilindile njalo". Kwakwenziwa izinhlelo โzokukhipha amadolobha amakhulu futhi kubhekwane nezidumbu eziningi ezingcolileโ. Amaphoyisa angabadubuli abeqeqeshelwa โukubulala amabhomu azibulaleโ kanti amaphilisi e-anti-radiation asatshalaliswa ezibhedlela. NgoNovemba 11, uTony Blair ngokwakhe wayetshela umphakathi waseBrithani ukuthi "uqaphele" ukuhlasela okungaholela "ekubulaweni okukhulu".
Kuyamangaza ukuthi isimo sikazwelonke sokuqaphela ukuhlaselwa okungenzeka, inhlaka enekhodi enombala, okungase kudingeke isexwayiso esinjalo, asizange sisebenze. Ihlala ku-"black special", okungaphezu nje kokujwayelekile. Kungani?
Lokho bekungaphezu kwamasonto amabili edlule, futhi imibuzo ephuthumayo ayiphenduliwe. Manje amaqembu osizo lwezempilo kufanele agonywe ingxibongo ukuze โahlangabezane nosongo lokuhlasela kwempi yamagciwaneโ; futhi Ihhovisi Lezangaphandle likhiqize ividiyo emangalisayo ephakamisa ukuthi iBrithani isizohlasela i-Iraq ngenxa yokukhathazeka kwayo ngerekhodi lamalungelo abantu kulelo zwe. (Lokhu kumele kusho ukuthi iBrithani izohlasela amanye amazwe maduzane ngenxa yamarekhodi awo amalungelo abantu, njengeChina, iRussia kanye ne-United States).
Umbhedo wakho konke lokhu sekuya kuba yimbi, futhi umphakathi waseBrithani udinga ukubuza imibuzo ephuthumayo kuHulumeni wawo.
Buphi ubufakazi, nanoma ibuphi ubufakazi, โbesexwayisoโ sesizwe esincikene nalokhu kuhayiza okuhleliwe? Futhi yini echaza isikhathi sayo esingaqondakali ngemishini yakamuva yaseMelika neyaseBrithani e-UN e-Iraq?
Ukuqamba amanga njengeqhinga likahulumeni kwaziwa ngokuthi yi-propaganda yabantu abamnyama. AbaseBrithani basungula indlela yayo yesimanje. UJosef Goebbels, isikhulu senkulumo-ze yamaNazi, wayegcwele ukutuswa imodeli yaseBrithani. Kusukela ngoSepthemba 11, 2001, yonke imizamo yabashicileli benkulumo-ze abamnyama eWhitehall naseWashington yokuthethelela ukuhlasela kwe-Iraq ngaphandle kwesizathu ngokuxhumanisa umbuso waseBaghdad nobushokobezi be-al-Qaeda yehlulekile.
OKOKUQALA kwaba necala lokuthi i-Iraq yiyona eyadala ukwesatshiswa kwe-anthrax ngonyaka odlule e-United States, kwase kuthiwa u-Mohamed Atta, ongomunye wabasolwa ngokuduna izimoto ngoSepthemba 11, waxhumana nophiko lwezobunhloli lwase-Iraq ePrague. Zombili lezi zinsolo zifakazelwe zingamanga, kanye nezindaba ezitshalwe emaphephandabeni ngabezobunhloli baseMelika zokuthi i-Iraq ibiqeqesha amaphekula e-al-Qaeda endaweni eyimfihlo.
Ukweqa iqiniso lokuthi umbuso wezwe wase-Iraq uyamesaba futhi uyamenyanya u-Osama bin Laden nezishoshovu zakhe zama-Islamic bekuhlala kunzima kubashisekeli benkulumo-ze baseMelika nabaseBrithani - nakuba uGeorge W Bush okwamanje ebhuqa umbhedo "ngokuthumelela umhlaba lolu songo olubi lwe-al-Qaeda" .
UBlair ucophelele kakhulu; kodwa umlayezo wakhe oshiwo uyefana: ukuthi "isishayo" sobuphekula bomhlaba wonke sixhumene noSaddam Hussein, idemoni lakhe manje okumele liphikisana ne "Boche edla izingane" phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, ukunqoba kokuqala kwenkulumo-ze emnyama. .
Lezi nkohliso namanga aluhlaza kuhloswe ngazo kubantu abaningi baseBrithani abathi, njengoba ucwaningo lubonisa, bamelene nokuhlasela i-Iraq, izwe elingabanikezi usongo. Kodwa-ke, uma wesabisa umphakathi ngezexwayiso ze-apocalyptic mayelana nokuphuma emadolobheni futhi uxhumanise i-Iraq, Septhemba 11 kanye nokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu e-Bali, khona-ke abantu bangase bashintshe imiqondo yabo futhi balungele impi - noma kanjalo abashicileli benkulumo-ze baxoxisane. โKuyinqubo yokuthambisa,โ kusho owayeyisikhulu sezobunhloli esijwayelene nobuciko abamnyama, โumdlalo wokuqamba amanga ngezinga elikhuluโ.
Futhi kuyinkomba yokudangala kukahulumeni wakwaBlair. UBlair uyazi ukuthi, noma ngabe kuphumelele kangakanani ukwenza kwakhe intando yeningi ephalamende, izindaba zemibono yomphakathi futhi, kwesinye isikhathi, unamandla abengalindelekile.
Ngakho-ke njengekhambi โlokuthambisaโ kombono womphakathi, nginikeza lo mhlahlandlela wephakethe kumdlalo wamanje wamanga:
Lokho uBush noBlair abafuna sikukhohlwe...
INDABA YOTHANDO
UMBUSO wamanje wase-Iraq ungumkhiqizo weQembu Le-Baathist, i-CIA eyasiza ekubuseni. Isikhulu se-CIA esiphethe lo msebenzi sikuchaze ngokuthi "ukuketulwa kwenkosi engiyikhonzile". Ngawo-1980, iMelika neBrithani bahlinzeka uSaddam Hussein ngazo zonke izikhali ayezifuna, ngokuvamile ngokuyimfihlo nangokungekho emthethweni. Ubudlelwano baziwa ngokubhuqa eWashington ngokuthi "indaba yothando".
Lapho uBlair noBush bekhuluma ngokungaphezi kuSaddam โusebenzisa izikhali zamakhemikhali ngokumelene nabantu bakheโ, ikakhulukazi idolobhana laseKurdish iHalabja ngo-1988, abakaze bachaze ukuthi iBrithani neMelika zazihambisana.
Akugcinanga ngokuthi bobabili ohulumeni bagunyaze ngokuyimfihlo nangokungekho emthethweni ukudayiswa kwama-ejenti ezikhali zamakhemikhali, izikhulu eWashington naseWhitehall zazama ukufihla unya lweHalabja, nabantu baseMelika baze baqamba indaba yokuthi i-Iran yayinecala.
Futhi ngenkathi kuqhunyiswa igesi, uSaddam Hussein wayehalaliselwa ngobuholi bakhe obuhlakaniphile nguDavid Mellor, ungqongqoshe weHhovisi lezangaPhandle, okwase kuyithuba lakhe lokuhlala ezinyaweni zomashiqela. Cishe njengomvuzo, ohulumeni base-Thatcher banikeze uSaddam u-ยฃ340million wemali yabakhokhi bentela baseBrithani kumakhredithi okuthumela ngaphandle. Lapho uBush noBlair bebiza uSaddam ngokuthi โusongo komakhelwane bakheโ, abakaze basho ukuthi uGeorge Bush Senior, njengenhloko ye-CIA futhi kamuva uMongameli, wadudula i-Iraq ukuthi ihlasele i-Iran futhi yanikeza ubuhlakani obubalulekile embuthweni wase-Iraq owaqinisekisa ukuthi impi iyaqhubeka. iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili. Umphumela waba inzuzo eyizigidi zamaRandi ezinkampanini zezikhali zaseMelika nezaseBrithani, futhi kwafa izinsizwa eziyisigidi nhlangothi zombili. Uphenyo lwekhongolose, oselukhohliwe kudala, luchaze lokhu โnjengobugebengu obukhuluโ.
UBUzenzisi AKUNAMPHAKATHI
NGO-SEPTEMBER 12, uGeorge W Bush wavela phambi kwe-UN General Assembly futhi wabuza ngokuphawulekayo: โIngabe izinqumo zoMkhandlu Wezokuphepha kufanele zihlonishwe noma zilahlwe?โ
Impendulo yavela emasontweni ambalwa kamuva lapho uMkhandlu Wezokuphepha uphasisa iSinqumo 1435, esasifuna ukuthi "u-Israyeli ayeke ngokushesha izinyathelo eRamallah nasezindaweni ezizungezile kuhlanganise nokucekelwa phansi kwengqalasizinda yezokuvikela yasePalestine" futhi ahoxise "amabutho akhe ahlala emadolobheni asePalestine abheke ezikhundleni eziphethwe. ngaphambi kukaSepthemba 2000โ.
Lesi sinqumo saphasiswa ngo-14-0 lapho oyedwa engadlali, i-United States. u-Israyeli wakuchitha; futhi akwenzekanga lutho. Lokhu akuzange kusimangaze. Abakwa-Israel badelele okungenani izinqumo zoMkhandlu Wezokuphepha ezingama-40 kanye nenqwaba yezinqumo zoMkhandlu Kazwelonke: irekhodi lokudelela kanye โnokulahlaโ umthetho (ukucaphuna uBush) ongalingani nanoma yisiphi isizwe selokhu kwasungulwa i-UN.
Njenge-Iraq kaSaddam Hussein ngeminyaka yawo-1980, ukungahloniphi kuka-Israyeli kuklonyeliswa ngazo zonke izikhali nezindiza zempi ezifunayo. Njengoba nje iBrithani yayivame ukunikeza uSaddam izindlela zokwenza amabhomu amakhemikhali, nohulumeni kaBlair okwamanje unikeza umbuso wakwa-Israel ka-Ariel Sharon ubuchwepheshe bempi yamakhemikhali. Lokhu kuhlanganisa "ama-PCP" angashintshwa kalula abe igesi yenzwa ye-sarin ebulalayo, eduze kwezikhali zenuzi, okuyisikhali esisatshwa kakhulu sokucekela phansi.
ISIZATHU SAYENZA SOKUHLASELA I-IRAQ
I-AMERICA ishisa ingxenye yesine yawo wonke uwoyela osetshenziswa isintu. Ucwaningo oluxhaswe yi-US Council on Foreign Relations luthi "abantu baseMelika bayaqhubeka befuna amandla amaningi nashibhile ngaphandle kokuzinikela noma ukuphazamiseka". Ezokuthutha e-United States iyodwa zishisa amaphesenti angama-66 kaphethiloli waseMelika.
Okunye ukulinganisa kuwukuthi imithombo kawoyela emhlabeni wonke izoqala ukuncipha phakathi neminyaka emihlanu kuya kweyishumi ngenani lemiphongolo eyizigidi ezimbili ngosuku. EMpumalanga Ephakathi, okuwukuphela kwezwe elikwazi ukukhulisa kakhulu umkhiqizo walo i-Iraq, elake lachazwa yiPhini Likamongameli uCheney ngokuthi โumklomelo omkhuluโ.
Njengamanje, iMelika incike kumakhelwane wase-Iraq iSaudi Arabia, hhayi nje ngowoyela kodwa ekugcineni intengo kawoyela iphansi. Kodwa-ke, iSaudi Arabia iyikhaya le-al-Qaeda, kanye no-Osama bin Laden kanye nabangu-15 abasolwa ngokuduna izimoto ngoSepthemba 11.
ISIKHALO ngamaMelika ngokungenelela kwawo eMiddle East kuthiwa sijule kakhulu ezweni elasungulwa yi-Imperialism yamaNgisi elagcinwa yiMelika njengekoloni likawoyela.
Uma iMelika ifaka umbuso wamakoloni eBaghdad, ngokuqinisekile ukuncika kwayo eSaudi Arabia kuzodamba kakhulu, futhi nokubamba kwayo emakethe kawoyela enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni kuzoqiniswa. Intengo, kubantu bakulesi sifunda, kubantu baseMelika kanye nathi sonke, izoba isiyaluyalu esingapheli esifana nesasePalestine, okufanekiselwa ukuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu kwamaphekula ehhotela lakwa-Israel eKenya ngesonto eledlule.
Lolu wuhlelo olucashile โlwempi yobushokobeziโ โ igama elingeyona nje inkulumo-ze yokuxhashazwa kwabaphathi bakaBush ekuhlaseleni kwangomhla zili-11 kuMandulo kanye nokusheshisa izifiso zombuso zaseMelika. Ezinyangeni ze-14 ezedlule, ngesizathu "sokulwa nokwesaba", izisekelo zamasosha ase-US ziye zasungulwa emasangweni ezizindeni ezinkulu kakhulu zikawoyela negesi emhlabeni, ikakhulukazi e-Asia Ephakathi, nayo efiswa "njengomklomelo omkhulu".
E-Afghanistan, umongameli, uHamid Karzai, egadwe amasosha akhethekile aseMelika angama-46, wayeqashwe inkampani engaphansi kwe-Unocal, inkampani kawoyela yaseMelika. Inxusa laseMelika langemva kweTaliban liyisikhulu esiphezulu se-Unocal, futhi ipayipi elizothwala uwoyela negesi elinenzuzo linqamula izwe lonke lisuka oLwandle lweCaspian lizokwakhiwa yi-Unocal.
Iningi lekhabhinethi likaBush liphuma embonini kawoyela, okubenze bacebe ngokwedlulele. Ubaba kaBush usengumeluleki wenkampani enkulu kawoyela, iCarlyle Group, kanti amakhasimende akhe ahlanganisa nomndeni ka-Osama bin Laden. Esinye sezizathu ezenza amaMelika ahlasele i-Afghanistan kwakungekona ukukhulula abesifazane kodwa ukukhulula isivumelwano samapayipi. Njengoba i-BBC yabika ngoSepthemba 18, 2001: "UNiaz Niak, owayengungqongqoshe wezangaphandle wasePakistani, watshelwa yizikhulu eziphezulu zaseMelika phakathi noJulayi (2001) ukuthi isenzo sezempi ngokumelene ne-Afghanistan sizoqhubeka maphakathi no-Okthoba. Kwakungumbono kaNaik ukuthi iWashington ngeke iyiyeke impi yayo ne-Afghanistan noma ngabe u-bin Laden wayezonikelwa ngokushesha ngamaTaliban. Khumbula, wakusho lokhu ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa kukaSepthemba 11.
Ingcosana kuphela ezigidini zamarandi ezithenjiswe ukuthi kwakhiwe kabusha i-Afghanistan isifikile. Abantu abangaba ngu-20,000, balinganisela u-Guardian, uma ubala labo abaqhunyiswa ngamabhomu bafa futhi ababulawa indlala ngesikhathi kuqhuma amabhomu, bafa ukuze amazwe aseNtshonalanga aphinde anqobe i-Afghanistan. U-Osama bin Laden wayengekho lapho ayengabonwa khona.
IZIMFIHLO KANYE
IMIBUZO
YIZE aziwa kahle amacala kaSaddam Hussein kubantu bakubo, awaseNtshonalanga e-Iraq ajwayele ukucindezelwa. Ukuhlupheka kwabantu abajwayelekile base-Iraq akukaze kukhulunywe nguBush noBlair, futhi akuvamile ngabezindaba. Lokhu akumangazi. Ngaphansi kokuvinjelwa kweNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene okufana nokuvinjezelwa kwenkathi ephakathi, kwaklanywa futhi kulawulwa yi-United States neBrithani, i-Iraq ivunyelwe ukusebenzisa imali engaphezu kuka-ยฃ100 ngomuntu ngamunye ekusekeleni ukuphila kwesakhamuzi sayo ngasinye unyaka owodwa. Lokhu kungaphansi kwengxenye yemali engenayo yonyaka ngomuntu ngamunye eHaiti, izwe elimpofu kakhulu eNtshonalanga Nenkabazwe. Ingaphansi kwemali echithwa yi-UN ekudleni kwezinja ezisetshenziswa emisebenzini yokumba izimayini zase-Iraq.
Uphenyo olunzulu lwakamuva olwenziwe yisifundiswa saseMelika, uSolwazi Joy Gordon, seluveze ukuthi i-United States โisabambileโ izimpahla zosizo ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezinhlanu zamaRandi obekufanele ziye e-Iraq. Zonke izimpahla zavunywa yi-UN futhi zaxhaswa ngezimali ekuthengisweni kukawoyela wase-Iraqi. Kuhlanganisa ufulawa, imithi, okokwelapha, okokukhiqiza ubisi, izinto zokucisha umlilo, amathange amanzi.
โKule minyaka emithathu edlule,โ kubhala uProfesa Gordon, โngiye ngathola imibhalo eminingi eyimfihlo ye-UN ephathelene nokuphathwa kwezijeziso zase-Iraq. Abakubonisayo ukuthi i-United States ilwe kanzima phakathi neminyaka eyishumi edlule ukuze inciphise ngamabomu izimpahla zosizo ezingena kuleli. Futhi ikwenze naphezu kokuhlupheka okukhulu kwabantu, okuhlanganisa ukwanda okukhulu kokufa kwezingane nobhadane olusakazekile.โ
Laba ngabantu, abangaphezu kwengxenye yabo okungabantwana, uBush noBlair abahlela ukubahlasela uma abahloli bezikhali be-UN sebedlule isikhathi sabo sokuba wusizo. (Eminyakeni emithathu edlule, uHulumeni wakwaBlair yedwa usebenzise u-ยฃ1billion eqhumisa amabhomu e-Iraq ngokungemthetho - neMelika. Abelusi, abadobi, abashayeli bamaloli bashaywa ngezicucu okungajwayelekile ukuthi kuphume izwi kwabezindaba. Alikho izwe elinegunya le-UN lokwenza lokhu; ngaphansi komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, kumane kuyisenzo sobugebengu.
UKUXHUMANA okukodwa phakathi kobushokobezi bamazwe ngamazwe kanye ne-Iraq kuzoba umphumela ngokungangabazeki wokuhlasela kwamaNgisi namaMelika. Akukho okuzokwenza okwengeziwe ukuguqula i-al-Qaeda isuke eqenjini elincane iye kwijihad yamazwe ngamazwe eshisekayo, noma inethiwekhi. Akukho okuzokwenza okwengeziwe ukudala isizukulwane sokucasuka kwaseNtshonalanga futhi sibuthelwe ubuphekula.
Lapho uBlair exwayisa ngosongo โlokubulawaโ kwamaphekula eBrithani, okuxakayo ngezibikezelo zakhe ukuthi kungenzeka zigcwaliseke uma efaka abantu baseBrithani ogibeni lwangaphandle lobugebengu.
Ngenxa yalesi senzo sokungabi nasibopho, uzobeka engcupheni zonke izakhamizi zaseBrithani ekhaya naphesheya. Kuzosakaza ukwesaba futhi kukhuthaze ukuhlukana kwezinhlanga. Lesi yisilinganiso sangempela sokuzinikela kwakhe okukhohlisayo emandleni amakhulu. Abantu baseBrithani akufanele bakuvumele.
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