Umthombo: TomDispatch.com
Lapho amaMelika ecabanga impi, bangase bacabange amasosha agqoke i-jackboots ehla enyuka emigwaqweni njengoba izixuku eziphephezelisa ifulege zijabula; noma, njenga umongameli wethu, bangase bacabange ngemibukiso emikhulu ehlanganisa amasosha nemicibisholo ejikijelwayo namathangi, izindiza zempi zindiza phezulu. Noma omashiqela bobuzwe begqoke iyunifomu yezempi ihlanganiswe ne izindondo, amaribhoni, namabheji njengama-barnacle amaningi emkhunjini wezwe ocwilayo. (KwakunguDonald Trump ukuncokola kuphela muva nje lapho ethi angathanda ukuziklomelisa ngeNdondo Yokuhlonishwa?) Futhi abangase bakucabange ukuthi: akuthina. Akuyona iMelika leyo. Phela, uLady Liberty wayevame ukwamukela abasanda kufika ngethoshi, hhayi I-AR-15. Asazi udonga ngokwethu ngesikhathi ukuqhumisa abanye ngamabhomu ezindaweni ezikude zomhlaba, akunjalo?
Kodwa impi ingaphezu komashiqela abayizixhwanguxhwangu, izikhali ezihlaselayo, namasosha anamehlo aqinile. Kunezinhlobo ezithambile zayo ezingabalulekile kangako kunalezo โeziqinileโ. Eqinisweni, embusweni wentando yeningi ozisholo wona njenge-United States, amafomu athambile anjalo ngokuvamile asebenza kangcono ngoba abonakala engacashile kangako, ayingozi kakhulu. Ngisho nasenhliziyweni yesizinda sodumo sikaTrump, iningi labantu baseMelika qhubeka nokunqaba imibukiso ye-bellicose enqunu njengama-phalanxes amathangi ehla ngo-Pennsylvania Avenue.
Kodwa ubani ongaphikisa ukugubha โmaqhawe asekhayaโ ngenyufomu, njengoba kwenzeka njalo emicimbini yezemidlalo yazo zonke izinhlobo eMelika yekhulu lamashumi amabili nanye? Noma abaqashi bezempi abanesizotha nabamamathekayo ezikoleni? Noma amamuvi e-gung-ho war njengenguqulo yakamuva ye Midway, ebekwe isikhathi sempelasonto yoSuku Lomakadebona ka-2019 nokuphawula ukunqoba kwezempi yaseMelika yango-1942 ihlula iJapan, lapho sasingebona nje abafana abalungile kodwa singabaphansi?
Ngiqonde ukuthini ngezinhlobo ezithambile zempi? Ngingumlandeli webhola lezinyawo, ngakho-ke ngeSonto ntambama yakamuva ingithole ngibuka umdlalo we-NFL ku-CBS. Abantu bayabunyanya udlame kule midlalo, futhi kufanele, uma kubhekwa inani lokulimala kwabadlali, ikakhulukazi imihuzuko ewohloza izimpilo zabantu. Kodwa kuthiwani ezentengiselwano ezinodlame phakathi nomdlalo? Ngaleyo ntambama eyodwa, ngaphawula izikhangiso eziphindaphindayo ze SEAL Ithimba, I-SWAT, Futhi FBI, yonke imibukiso ye-CBS evela kulo mzuzu wethu waseMelika ogcwele impi. Ngamanye amazwi, ngabhekana nenqwaba yezibhamu, ukuqhuma, iziqhumane nokunye okunjalo, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke nganikezwa amazwibela amadoda aqinile (nowesifazane noma ababili) abagqoke umfaniswano abanazo kanye izimpendulo esizidingayo futhi, njenge i Amaphoyisa ahlinzekwe yiPentagon eFerguson, Missouri, ngo-2014, bahlome amazinyo. (โAmamodeli anezibhamu,โ umkami uyababiza.)
Unesimo e-Nowhere-stan? Thumela ku-Navy SEALs. Unombulali ongaziwa? Thumela ithimba le-SWAT. Ngezikhali zabo eziphakeme nomoya ongakwazi ukwenza, Amabutho Akhethekile azo zonke izinhlobo aqinisekile ukuthi azowina usuku (ngaphandle, vele, lapho engawini, njengasochungechungeni lwamanje lwaseMelika ungazipheli izimpi emazweni akude).
Futhi ayipheli neze ngaleyo mibukiso emithathu. Cabanga, ngokwesibonelo, isibuyekezo saleli khulu leminyaka I-Magnum PI, umbukiso we-CBS obonisa umphenyi ozimele we-kickass. Kweyokuqala I-Magnum PI engayibuka ngisemusha, u-Tom Selleck wayedlala umlingisi ngendlela ethakazelisa kakhulu. Isizinda sezempi sikaMagnum eVietnam savunywa kodwa asizange sihlaselwe. Ngokumangazayo, iMagnum yanamuhla ikhokhiswa ngokuziqhenya njenge-ex-Navy SEAL.
Iphoyisa nezempi izinhlelo aziyona into entsha ku-TV yaseMelika, kodwa angikaze ngibone eziningi zazo, ezintsha nezindala, futhi ezihlome kahle. Ku-CBS kuphela ungakwazi ukwengeza kumxube I-Hawaii I-Five-O (nokho amamodeli engeziwe anezibhamu avuselelwe futhi ahlomile kusukela ebusheni bami), amathathu NCIS (I-Naval Criminal Investigative Service) imibukiso, kanye Amagazi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (ngokuxakayo idlala u-Tom Selleck ocwebezelayo futhi ongathandeki kangako) โ futhi ubani owaziyo ukuthi yini engingakayiqapheli? Nakuba imidlalo yanamuhla yamaphoyisa/yamasosha iveza ukwehlukahlukana okukhulu kakhulu ngokuphathelene nobulili, ubuzwe, nohlanga uma kuqhathaniswa nezakudala ezimpunga njenge Inetha, futhi abonisa ukudubulana okukhulu nezinye izinhlobo zobudlova obuchitha igazi.
Bheka, njengomakadebona, anginalutho olumelene nemibukiso engokoqobo kwezempi. Ngiphuma emndenini wabaphenduli bokuqala - ngibala izicishamlilo ezine kanye namaphoyisa amabili emndenini wami oseduze - ngangiyithanda imibukiso efana U-Adamu-12 futhi Isimo esiphuthumayo! ebusheni bami. Engimelene nakho ukuhlasela kwezempi okuyinqaba kwayo yonke into, okuhlanganisa, ngokwesibonelo, umbono, ngokusobala wesikhathi sethu, wokuthi abaphenduli bokuqala badinga inguqulo yabo yefulegi laseMelika ukumaka inkonzo yabo. Mhlawumbe uke wazibona lezo umugqa omncane oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka amafulegi, ngezinye izikhathi anwetshwa ngomugqa obomvu wabacimi bomlilo. Njengomakadebona wezempi, amathumbu ami angitshela ukuthi kufanele kube nefulegi elilodwa kuphela laseMelika futhi kufanele libe lilungele bonke abantu baseMelika. Cabanga ngokwanda kwamafulegi njengolunye uhlobo oluthambile lokuhlomisa izikhali (lesi sikhathi sokushisekela izwe).
Ekhuluma ngakho, noma yini eyenzekayo InethaUsayitsheni uJoe Friday, eshaya ingoma, esebenzela izakhamuzi zakubo, futhi ephishekela umthetho njengobizo? Wayengadingi ifulegi lempi elizacile eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Futhi ezikhathini ezingavamile lapho esebenzisa isibhamu, kwakuyi-.38 Special. Inguqulo yanamuhla kaJoe ibukeka kakhulu njengo-GI Joe, ehlotshile ngezivikelo zomzimba futhi ephethe isibhamu sokuhlasela njengoba ephuma emotweni efana nethangi, mhlawumbe i-MRAP engaphezulu kusukela eMelika uhlulekile izimpi zombuso.
I-Militarism e-USA
Ngaphandle kwezinhlelo ze-TV, amamuvi, nezikhangiso, kunezimpawu eziningi zokwemukelwa okwandayo kwezindinganiso zempi nezimo zengqondo kuleli zwe. Umphumela: ukwamukelwa kwebutho lezempi ezindaweni lapho likhona akufanele kube njalo, ogujwa ngokweqile, over-hyped, futhi unikezwe kakhulu kakhulu imali kanye negunya lamasiko, ngenkathi eba cishe amasosha omzimba ekugxekeni okukhulu.
Ake nginikeze izimpawu eziyisishiyagalolunye nje zalokhu obekungacatshangwa kangako ngisengumfanyana ngibuka impinda Inetha:
1. Cishe amashumi amabili nantathu yesabelomali sikahulumeni wobumbano sokuzikhethela sika-2020, ngokungakholakali ngokwanele, sizonikezwa iPentagon kanye nemisebenzi yezempi ehlobene, nesabelomali sonyaka โsokuzivikelaโ sisondela kakhulu izigidigidi zamadola. Izimali ezinkulu kangaka azivamile ukuphikiswana ngazo kuKhongolose; ngempela, bajabulela ukwesekwa okubanzi kwama-bipartisan.
2. Amasosha ase-US ahlala e ethembeke kakhulu isikhungo emphakathini wethu, ngakho-ke i-74% yabantu baseMelika inhlolovo ye-Gallup. Asikho esinye isikhungo esisondela eduze, hhayi ubumongameli (37%) noma iCongress (esanda kuphakama yaba yisikhumbuzo. 25% ekubekweni icala eliphezulu). Kodwa yona leyo butho ikhiqize izinhlekelele noma ama-quagmires e-Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, Syria, Somalia, nakwezinye izindawo. "Ukunyuka" okuhlukahlukene kuye kwahluleka ngokuphindaphindiwe. IPentagon ngokwayo ayikwazi ngisho ukudlula ucwaningo. Kungani ukwethenjwa okungaka?
3. Isimo sempi yaphakade sithathwa njengesijwayelekile esisha saseMelika. Izimpi manje sezithathwa ngokuzenzakalela njengezizukulwane eziningi ngaphandle kokukhathazeka okuncane kokuthi kanjani i-permawar kungalulaza intando yeningi yethu. Ababhikishi abamelene nempi bayivelakancane ngokwanele ukuba babe amazwi eyedwa ekhala ehlane.
4. Ojenene baseMelika bayaqhubeka bephathwa, ngaphandle kokubhuqa, โnjengabantu abadala ekamelweni.โ Abahlakaniphileyo njengalowo owayenguNobhala Wezokuvikela UJames Mattis (kucashunwe ngokukhazimulayo engxoxweni yakamuva phakathi kwababhekwe ngabomvu abayi-12 bentando yeningi) ngeke sindisa iMelika kusukela kosopolitiki abangenamakhono nabanomoya oshisayo njengoDonald J. Trump. Emncintiswaneni kamongameli wango-2016, kwabonakala sengathi akekho umuntu ongenele ukhetho ngaphandle kokugunyazwa ujenene eklabalasa (Michael Flynn ngoTrump; UJohn Allen kuClinton).
5. Abezindaba ngokuvamile bamukela izikhulu zamasosha ase-US asebathatha umhlalaphansi futhi bazisebenzise njenge ekhuluma amakhanda ukuchaza nokukhuthaza isenzo sezempi kubantu baseMelika. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lapho amasosha eya empini, izintatheli ezingezona ezivamile "zigxilile" kulawo mabutho ngakho zithembele kuwo ngazo zonke izindlela. Umphumela uvame ukuba yimithombo yezindaba ye-cheerleading esekela amasosha egameni lokushisekela izwe - kanye nezilinganiso eziphezulu kanye nenzuzo yenkampani.
6. Usizo lwakwamanye amazwe lwaseMelika luyanda usizo lwezempi. Cabanga, ngokwesibonelo, ingxabano yamanje mayelana nosizo oluya e-Ukraine uMongameli uTrump aluvimbile ngaphambi kocingo lwakhe olubi, okwakuyiqiniso, ngokwengxenye mayelana nezikhali. Lokhu kufanele kusikhumbuze ukuthi i-United States isiphenduke izwe okuphambili emhlabeni umthengisi wokufa, othengisa izikhali eziningi kakhulu emhlabeni wonke kunanoma yiliphi elinye izwe. Futhi, akukho mpikiswano yangempela lapha mayelana nokuziphatha kokuzuza ngokuthengisa okukhulu kangaka, noma phesheya ($55.4 billion ekuthengisweni kwezikhali kulo nyaka wezimali kuphela, kusho i-Defence Security Cooperation Agency) noma ekhaya (izibhamu ezintsha ezimangalisayo eziyizigidi eziyi-150 ezikhiqizwe e-USA kusukela ngo-1986, iningi elisele ezandleni zaseMelika).
7. Kulowo mongo, cabangela ukufakwa kwezikhali kulezo zandla, zisuka ku-.50 caliber. izibhamu ze-sniper izibhamu ezihlukahlukene zesitayela samasosha. Cishe 15 abayizigidi ezingu Ama-AR-15 okwamanje aphethwe abantu baseMelika abajwayelekile. Sikhuluma ngesibhamu esiklanyelwe ukudubula okusheshayo kwenkundla yempi kanye nomonakalo omkhulu kubantu. Ngawo-1970, lapho ngisemusha, abazingeli bomkhaya wakithi babenezibhamu zokuzingela izinyamazane, izibhamu zezinyoni, namavolovolo okuvikela nokushaya. Akekho owayenesibhamu sokuhlasela esifana nesamasosha ngoba akekho owayesidinga noma esifunayo. Manje, abantu basemadolobheni abakhathazekile bayawathenga, becabanga ukuthi bathola โikhadi lomuntuโ ngokuthatha isikhali esibhubhisayo esinjalo.
8. Okudidayo ukuthi, njengoba abantu baseMelika bebulalana futhi bazibulala ngobuningi ngokudubula kwabantu abaningi nokuzibulala (cishe 40,000). ukufa kwezibhamu ngo-2017 kuphela), azinaki izimpi zaphesheya kwezilwandle zaseWashington kanye waqhubeka nokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu emazweni amaningi. Kodwa ukungazi akuyona intokozo. Ngokunikeza amasosha isheke elingenalutho, elikhishwe egameni lokuvikela izwe lakubo, abantu baseMelika bamukela lelo butho lezempi, kodwa ngokukhululeka, kanye nokusebenzisa kabi udlame ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile zomhlaba. Ingabe kufanele kumangaze ukuthi izwe elibulala ngokungafanele kangaka phesheya kwezilwandle esikhathini eside kangaka lingase libhekane nokudubulana kwabantu abaningi nezinye izinhlobo zobudlova ekhaya?
9. Njengoba amaMelika โesekela amasosha ethuโ futhi awagubhe โnjengamaqhawe,โ amasosha ngokwawo athathe โi-warrior ethosโ lokho kwakuyoke - eminyakeni yokubuthwa kwebutho - kube okuphambene nokwalelizwe isiko isakhamuzi-isosha, ikakhulukazi njengoba kwashiwo futhi kwaboniswa โisizukulwane esikhulu kunazo zonkeโ phakathi neMpi Yezwe II.
Okuhlanganisa lezi zinto eziyisishiyagalolunye ukuguquguquka kwe-paradigm kanye noshintsho ku-zeitgeist. Amasosha ase-US akuselona ithuluzi elixhaswe ngentando yeningi futhi elisebenzisa ngokungathandi. Sekuphenduke amandla okusolwa okuhle, inhlangano enhle, iviyo labafowethu (nodadewethu), izithunywa zevangeli eziphambili zaseMelika phesheya kwezilwandle kanye namaqhawe athandeka kakhulu nahlonishwayo ekhaya. Lokhu kwamukeleka kwebutho lezempi yilokho kanye engingakubiza ngokuthi impi ethambile. Amasosha ane-jackbooted angase angamashi emigwaqweni yethu, kodwa aya ngokuya ebonakala ehamba ngaphandle kokuphikiswa - futhi ukuhlala - izingqondo zethu.
Ukuwohloka Kwentando Yeningi
Njengoba abantu baseMelika bamukela amasosha, izinketho zenqubomgomo ezinodlame oluncane zibukelwa phansi noma azinakwa. Cabanga ngoMnyango Wezwe, izinhlaka zaseMelika, manje a amancane, ngokwandayo ibuyiselwe imali Igatsha lePentagon eliholwa uMike Pompeo (ogujwa nguDonald Trump njengomholi omkhulu ngoba wenze kahle eWest Point). Cabangela uMongameli uTrump naye, obizwa ngokuthi umuntu ozihlukanisa yedwa, kanye neyakhe ukungakwazi okumangalisayo ukuhoxisa ngempela amabutho noma ukuqeda izimpi. E-Syria, amasosha ase-US asanda kuthunyelwa kabusha, awazange ahoxiswe, hhayi esifundeni, noma kunjalo. amabutho engeziwe zithunyelwa eSaudi Arabia. E-Afghanistan, uTrump wathumela amasosha ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa ngo-2017, inguqulo yakhe enesizotha yokuhlinzwa okuncane futhi asekhona, njengoba izingxoxo zokuthula neTaliban zishiywe. Leso sinqumo, saholela ekuqhumeni okusha (a โeduze kwerekhodi eliphezuluโ) ekuqhumeni kwamabhomu e-US kulelo zwe ngoSepthemba, ngokwemvelo egameni lokuthuthukisa ukuthula. Umphumela: amazinga aphezulu ukufa kwezakhamuzi.
Kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi i-US iqhubeke nokuyenqaba idiplomacy kanye nentando yeningi yezempi kanye ne-proto-autocracy? Ngokwengxenye, ngicabanga, ngenxa yokungabikho kohlaka lwezempi. Impela ngenxa yokuthi inkonzo yezempi ingeyokuzithandela, ingenziwa ihlonishwe. Ingaphakanyiswa njengobizo oluyingqayizivele nokuzinikela. Yize noma amasosha amaningi ethathwe esigabeni sabasebenzi futhi evolontiya ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene, izisusa zawo nokungapheleli kwawo kungashaywa indiva njengoba osopolitiki bewancoma phezulu. Okuhlobene nalokhu yinkolo efana neRambo yeqhawe futhi i-warrior ethos, manje esigujwa njengento efiselekayo eMelika. I-ethos enjalo ifanelana ngaphandle komthungo nezimpi zaseMelika. Ngokungafani nama-draftees aphikisanayo, amaqhawe akhona ukuze alwe impi. Mancane amathuba okuthi babe nesimo sengqondo sokubuza sesakhamuzi-isosha.
Ungangizwa kabi: ukuvuselela okusalungiswa akusona isixazululo; ukuvuselela intando yeningi. Sidinga ukuzibandakanya okubonakalayo kwezakhamizi ezinolwazi, ikakhulukazi ukumelana izimpi ezingapheli futhi ukusetshenziswa kwesabelomali okungelula ngezikhali zaseMelika zokucekela phansi okukhulu. Izindleko zangempela zebutho lethu lezempi elithambile (manje okungenzeka libe lukhuni) azibonakali kuphela kumashi yaleli zwe esheshayo ebheke kumbuso wezempi. Kungabuye kulinganiswe kwabafileyo nabalimele ezimpini zethu, kuhlanganise efile, elimele, Futhi abalekile emazweni akude. Kungabonakala futhi ekukhuleni kwabalandeli bezwe abaqhubeka behlome kahle, abazishaya isifuba ekhaya abathembisa izixazululo ngezindonga nezikhali kanye โnabafana abalungileโ abaphethe izibhamu. ("Badubule emilenzeni," kusho uTrump usolwa ukusho ngabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe abawela umngcele oseningizimu yeMelika ngokungemthetho.)
Intando yeningi akumele ibe ngeyokubungaza izinduna zigqoke umfaniswano. Inkolelo eyamukelwa kabanzi manje ukuthi iMelika ihlukene kakhulu, ichema kakhulu kunakuqala, isondela mhlawumbe entsha impi yezikhali, njengoba enanela enkulumweni kamongameli wethu wamanje. Akumangazi ukuthi inkulumo evuthayo iyachuma futhi uhlu lwezitha zaleli zwe lunwebeka lapho amaMelika uqobo ewamukele kancane kodwa ngentshiseko impi.
Ngokuxolisa okukhulu URoberta Flack, iMelika izibulala kancane ngezingoma zempi.
U-lieutenant colonel (USAF) osethathe umhlalaphansi kanye noprofesa womlando, u-Astore ungumfundi TomDispatch Njalo. Ibhulogi yakhe siqu Ukubukwa kwe-Bracing.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
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