Iningi lezazi zezomnotho liyavuma ukuthi "Ukuwohloka Okukhulu Komnotho" ka-2008 kwaphela esikhathini esithile ehlobo lika-2009. Lezi yizindaba ezinhle ngempela kubantu baseMelika abayizigidi ezingu-47.6 abadla ngenxa yoHlelo Losizo Lokudla Okunomsoco (SNAP), olwaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi "izitembu zokudla. .โ Futhi ngokungangabazeki amaMelika ayizigidi ezingu-43 aphila ngaphansi komugqa wobumpofu (idatha yakamuva evela ku-2007-2011) azoduduzwa yiqiniso lokuthi inkinga yezomnotho embi kakhulu cishe eminyakeni engu-80 yaphela eminyakeni engu-3 edlule.
Usihlalo weFederal Reserve Bank, uBen Bernanke, ubonise ukukhathazeka kwakhe ngakho konke lokhu ngokubonisa ukuthi uzogcina amanani enzalo ephansi ukuze asekele umnotho futhi asize ngokuqhubekayo ukusimama. Wayengcono. UMnyango Wezohwebo ubike ukuthi imali engenayo yomuntu siqu yehle ngamaphesenti angama-3.6 kulo Januwari odlule, ukwehla okukhulu kakhulu eminyakeni engama-20.
Futhi nakuba umnotho ubulokhu usimama kancane kancane, ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi kusabonakala kuyinkinga eqhubekayo. Izinga lesihloko lingaphansi kuka-8%. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu baseMelika abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-12 abangasebenzi, kanti abayizigidi ezingu-4.8 babo bebengasebenzi amasonto angu-27 noma ngaphezulu, ngakho-ke babhekwa "njengabangasebenzi isikhathi eside".
Esinye isilinganiso sokuntuleka kwemisebenzi, kanye nesibikwa kancane, sibonisa isithombe esiphazamisa nakakhulu. I-U6, ekala inani eliphelele labantu abangasebenzi, kanye nabo bonke abantu abasebenza itoho ngenxa yezizathu zomnotho, kanye nabo bonke abantu abasondelene kancane nezisebenzi., imi ku-14.4% emangalisayo.
Ukungalingani kweholo nakho kusezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu kusukela ngaphambi nje Kokuwohloka Okukhulu Kwezomnotho. Ngo-2010, i-1% ephezulu yabaholayo yathola amaphesenti angama-93% okukhula kwemali engenayo yalowo nyaka. Abantu abaphakathi nendawo, becabangela imiphumela yokwehla kwamandla emali, banemiholo ephansi yasekhaya namuhla kunangonyaka ka-1996. Owesilisa wakho ovamile wenza u-$32,986 ngo-2011. Ngo-1968 wenza u-$33,880 (futhi, walungiselwa ukwehla kwamandla emali).
Okwenza konke lokhu kube kubi kakhulu okutholwe wucwaningo olwenziwe iNational Employment Law Project (NELP). Ithole ukuthi iningi lokulahleka kwemisebenzi ngesikhathi sokwehla kwamandla omnotho bekukhona esingakuthatha njengemisebenzi ephakathi kwamaholo. Ngeshwa, imisebenzi eminingi edaliwe ngesikhathi sokululama (isikhashana) ibisemikhakheni ethathwa njengehola kancane (ikakhulukazi imisebenzi yezinsiza). Idatha evela ku-US Census Bureau ipenda isithombe esifiphele nakakhulu, ebonisa ukuthi u-25% wemisebenzi yaseMelika ikhokha ngaphansi komugqa wobumpofu wenhlangano yomndeni wabane ($23,050) nokuthi ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yabantu abadala abampofu nayo iyasebenza.
Izindleko zabathengi zifinyelela cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zomnotho wase-US. Amaholo amile, ahlanganiswe nokuntuleka kokuhle imisebenzi ekhokhayo kanye nokuntuleka kwemisebenzi okuphakeme ngokuvamile, akubonisi ukusimama komnotho okuzinzile futhi okuqinile noma nini maduze.
Ngokomlando, imisebenzi yokukhiqiza, ngokwesilinganiso, ikhokhele amaholo angcono kunemisebenzi yesevisi (neyangaphambili ivame ukuhlinzeka ngezinzuzo ezingcono). Kodwa ukukhiqiza, njengephesenti lomnotho, sekungamashumi eminyaka ukwehla manje. Ingaphezu kwezigidi ezi-5 imisebenzi yokukhiqiza elahlekile kusukela ngo-2000 kuphela.
Kodwa ingabe lesi yisenzakalo esingenakuhlehliswa? Ucwaningo olusha olwenziwa eMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) lukhuthaza labo abakholelwa ukuthi ukuvuselela imboni yaseMelika ngeke nje kuzuzise umnotho kuphela, kuzophinde kudaleke namathuba emisebenzi anamakhono aphezulu futhi akhokha kakhulu. Abacwaningi kwa-MIT baphakamisa ukuthi kwenziwe imizamo yokugcina, futhi kwakhiwe kabusha isizinda sokukhiqiza sezwe.
Lo mbiko uphinde ubize indlela entsha yokubheka ezokukhiqiza. Esikhundleni sokukubheka njengensalela endala ekhathele etholakala kuphela ebhandeni lokugqwala lezwe, kufanele kubhekwe njengeqembu lezimboni eziguquguqukayo nezithuthukayo eziwumthombo wemibono emisha namakhono amasha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqiza akuyona into ephikisana ngokuzenzekelayo nomnotho osekelwe olwazini we-21st Ikhulu leminyaka.
Abacwaningi bafuna ukuthi kwenziwe imizamo yokuthuthukisa amandla ezwe okuqamba izinto ezintsha, ababona sengathi axhumene kakhulu nokukhiqiza.
Okunye okutholakele kungase kunikeze ikhefu kubantu abebekhuthaza ukukhishwa kwemisebenzi kanye nokuguqulwa kwe-US ibe umnotho osekelwe olwazini. Okwatholakala ukuthi lapho izinkampani zihlukanisa izakhi zemikhiqizo yazo kusukela ekukhiqizweni kwangempela, okusho ukuthi, zagcina imisebenzi yokwengeza inani eliphakeme e-States futhi zathumela ukukhiqizwa kwangempela ezweni elithile elihola kancane njengeChina, amathuba okuba. ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kanye nomklamo ongcono kulahleke.
UMengameli u-Obama yena uthi uzibophezele ekuvuseleleni ukukhiqiza futhi akusebenzise njengenkundla yokudala amathuba emisebenzi asezingeni eliphakathi. Abaphathi baka-Obama bathi bafuna iCongress igunyaze iphakethe lama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-7 - amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-6 zamakhredithi entela yombuso emadolobheni efektri adinga usizo kanye no-$1 bhiliyoni wokwenza izindawo zokuqamba izinto ezintsha.
Uhlelo lukaMongameli, uma lwenziwa, luzobandakanya:
ยท Ukudala inethiwekhi yama-Innovation Institutes angu-25
ยท Ukwehlisa izinga lentela labakhiqizi libe ngamaphesenti angama-25 futhi kwandiswe, nokwenza unomphela, ikhredithi yentela yocwaningo nentuthuko
ยท Ukukhuthaza kanye nokwakha ubudlelwano obusha nemiphakathi ukuze kuhehwe izinkampani ezikhiqizayo kanye nezinhlelo ezihambisana nazo
ยท Ukwandisa imizamo yokuvula izimakethe ezintsha zezimpahla ezenziwe eMelika
Zonke lezi ziphakamiso ezingenhla zizohambisana kahle nokutholwe umbiko we-MIT, ofuna izinhlobo ezintsha ze ukusebenzisana kanye nokwabelana ngengozi, ikakhulukazi ngokubambisana okuhlanganyelwe komphakathi nezizimele kanye nezivumelwano zezimboni nenyuvesi. Kodwa kule nkathi โyokuthunjwa,โ umuntu uyazibuza ukuthi mangakanani amathuba okuthi kwenziwe noma yini.
Kusukela ngo-2001, i-US isisebenzise okungenani ama- $ 1.4 trillion ezimpini zayo ezingakamenyezelwa nezingaxhaswanga e-Afghanistan nase-Iraq. Kusukela ngesikhathi sokwehla kwamandla omnotho ngo-2008, iFederal Reserve ithembise u-$7.77 trillion wokuhlenga imboni yezezimali, iboleka okungenani u-$1.2 trillion emabhange nasezinkampanini zezezimali ezithintwe yile nkinga - inkinga, kubalulekile ukuqaphela, okwenziwa yiWall Street. Uma nje ingxenye yalezi zimali itshalwe emnothweni, ukukhiqiza bekungavuselelwa futhi singafakaza inguqulo yesibili yenguquko yezimboni.
Uma siphatha ukusindisa i-Middle Class ngamandla adonsela phansi afanayo nesiphatha ukuvikela kwezwe, noma ngesivinini esifanayo esinikeza ngaso abakhokhi bentela ibheyili esekelwa uhulumeni ukuze kusekelwe uhlelo lwethu โlwemakethe yamahhalaโ lonxiwankulu, ubuhlungu nokuhlupheka izigidi ezikubekezelele esikhathini esidlule. iminyaka embalwa cishe yayingagwenywa.
I-Bio yoMlobi: U-Tom McNamara unguMsizi Wosolwazi e-ESC Rennes School of Business, e-France, kanye noMfundisi Ovakashile e-French National Military Academy e-Saint-Cyr, e-Coรซtquidan, e-France.
Imithombo:
"Uhlelo Lokuvuselela Ukukhiqiza KwaseMelika" ngu-Colleen Curtis, February 13, 2013, I-Official White House Blog. Kufinyelelwe ku-:
http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2013/02/13/plan-revitalize-american-manufacturing
โUkubuka kuqala Kokukhiqizwa Kwe-MIT Kumbiko Womnotho Omushaโ Nge-Massachusetts Institute of Technology's (MIT) Production in the Innovation Economy (PIE) Commission, February 22, 2013. Kufinyelelwe kokuthi:
http://web.mit.edu/press/images/documents/pie-report.pdf
"U-Bernanke Uthi Ukukhulisa Izinga Lenzalo Izingozi Zangaphambili Ezithiba Ukukhula" ngo UJoshua Zumbrun no-Aki Ito, Mashi 2, 2013, Bloomberg. Kufinyelelwe ku-:
"IKomidi Lokuqomisana Lomjikelezo Webhizinisi, Ihhovisi Likazwelonke Locwaningo Lwezomnotho" I-National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Septhemba 20, 2010. Kufinyelelwe ku-:
http://www.nber.org/cycles/sept2010.pdf
"Idatha Eyimfihlo Yakanye Ye-Fed Ehlanganiswe yi-Bloomberg Ikhishelwe esidlangalaleniโ Ngu UPhil Kuntz noBob Ivry, Disemba 23, 2011, Bloomberg. Kufinyelelwe ku-:
"Indawo yezimboni inezimbobo, kusho iMIT" nguMegan Woodhouse, February 22, 2013, The Boston Globe. Kufinyelelwe ku-:
"Ukungalingani Kubambezela Ukululama" nguJoseph Stiglitz, The New York Times, Janawari 19, 2013. Kufinyelelwe ku:
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/01/19/inequality-is-holding-back-the-recovery/
"I-Iraq ne-Afghanistan" Ihhovisi Lesabelomali SeCongress (CBO)
http://www.cbo.gov/topics/national-security/iraq-and-afghanistan/reports
โUmbiko Wezinhlelo Zokusiza Ngokudlaโ Umnyango Wezolimo wase-United States - Inkonzo Yokudla Nokudla Okunomsoco, Novemba 2012. Kufinyelelwe ku:
โUkubuyiselwa Kwamaholo Aphansi kanye Nokungalingani Okukhulayoโ Iphrojekthi Kazwelonke Yomthetho Wokuqashwa, Agasti 2012. Kufinyelelwe ku:
http://www.nelp.org/page/-/Job_Creation/LowWageRecovery2012.pdf?nocdn=1
โUkunyuka Komnotho Wesikhathi Esingapheliโ ngu-Erin Hatton, The New York Times, Januwari 26, 2013. Kufinyelelwe ku-:
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/01/26/the-rise-of-the-permanent-temp-economy/
"Umbiko we-MIT ukhomba izihluthulelo zokuqamba okusha kwaseMelika" nguPeter Dizikes, MIT News, February 22, 2013. Kufinyelelwe ku-:
http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2013/production-in-the-innovation-economy-report-mit-0222.html
โAmazinga Obumpofu Ohlanga Oluningiliziwe Namaqembu AmaSpanishi ngokwezifundazwe nangezindawo:
2007โ2011โ ngu-Suzanne Macartney, Alemayehu Bishaw, kanye no-Kayla Fontenot, February 2013, Umnyango Wezohwebo wase-US, Ukuphathwa Kwezomnotho Nezibalo, I-US Census Bureau. Kufinyelelwe ku-:
http://www.census.gov/prod/2013pubs/acsbr11-17.pdf
I-US Bureau of Labor and Statistics. Kufinyelelwe ku-:
"I-US Personal Income Yehla Kakhulu Eminyakeni engama-20" nguSusanna Kim, ABC News, Mashi 1, 2013. Kufinyelelwe kokuthi:
http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/business/2013/03/u-s-personal-income-drop-biggest-in-20-years/
"I-White House ifuna u-$7B ukuthuthukisa umkhakha wezokukhiqiza" by David Shepardson, The Detroit News, February 13, 2013. Kufinyelelwe ku:
http://www.detroitnews.com/article/20130213/BIZ/302130440#ixzz2MVwgt5yx
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