UGilbert Achcar ungumbhali we I-Clash of Barbarisms: September 11 kanye Nokwenziwa Kwe-New World Disorder (Monthly Review Press, 2002) kanye I-Eastern Cauldron: I-Islam, i-Afghanistan, i-Palestine ne-Iraq ku-Marxist Mirror (I-Monthly Review Press, 2004). Ungowokuzalwa eLebanon, ufundisa ubudlelwano bamazwe ngamazwe eNyuvesi yaseParis, futhi uba negalelo elivamile ku-Le Monde diplomatique. NgoNovemba 3, wakhuluma eNew York City emcimbini obuhlelwe uMkhankaso Wokuthula Nentando Yeningi onesihloko esithi โIcala Lokuhoxiswa Ngokushesha: Ukulwa Ngemibuzo Enzima.โ Ngosuku olulandelayo, wakhuluma noBill Weinberg weWW4 REPORT endlini yakhe eLower Manhattan.
BW: Ekuphawuleni kwakho izolo ebusuku, uqale ngokuphawula indida yokuthi abagxeki abaningi bempi bebeyilindele kahle le nto eyenzekayo manje, okuyizinxushunxushu nobungozi bempi yombango. Nokho, i-White House isebenzisa lokhu njengesizathu sokuhlala e-Iraq.
GA: Yebo, lokhu kuyindida ngempela yomlando wale mpi. Thina - ngisho, abaphikisi bempi - babexwayisile ukuthi ukuhlasela kuzoveza isimo esiyingozi kakhulu e-Iraq, isimo esibucayi, futhi sasilokhu sikugcizelela lokho, futhi sasibhekene nabasekeli bempi bechaza ukuthi kuyoba i-cakewalk nokuthi amasosha ase-US azokwamukelwa lapho ngezimbali namaswidi. Futhi okwenzeka phansi kwakudabukisa kakhulu lokho esasikubikezele - ngisho ngokudabukisayo kubantu base-Iraqi, ngoba kubuhlungu kakhulu lokho abantu base-Iraqi abahlupheka ngakho manje. Manje-ke njengoba sicela ukuthi lo msebenzi uphele, uphele ngokushesha, ngenxa yenhlekelele efike kuleliya lizwe, sibhekene nalaba bantu ababeseka impi, bethi cha, amabutho awahlale ngoba kungenjalo, kuzoba nezinxushunxushu.
Angicabangi ukuthi kufanele siphikisane nengxabano enjalo ngokuhlehliswa okuphelele kwezikhundla, sisho ngqo lokho labo basekeli bempi. esetshenziswa ukusho. Ngeke sikwazi manje isibonelo, chaza ukuthi uma umsebenzi uphela, i-Iraq izophenduka ipharadesi kungazelelwe. Ngicabanga ukuthi akekho osesimweni sokubikezela ukuthi yini engenzeka ngemuva kokuhoxiswa kwamasosha e-Iraq. Kodwa kuneqiniso elilodwa eliqinisekile, ngokubona kwami โโelingenakuphikiswa: isimo besilokhu siwohloka ngendlela eyingozi kakhulu futhi edabukisayo, kusukela kwaqala umsebenzi.
Ngenxa yaleli qiniso, ingqondo isiphoqa ukuthi sicele ukuhoxiswa ngokushesha kwamasosha e-Iraq - ngethemba, noma kunjalo, ukuthi uma ama-Iraqi ebhekene naleli themba, angathola kulokho kukhuthazwa okunamandla okuvumelana. , ukuze bavumelane ngezindlela ezithile zokuhlalisana kabusha, kanye nokwakhiwa kabusha kombuso wabo. Futhi kunezizathu zokukholelwa ukuthi lokhu kungenye yamathuba. Uma sibheka iqiniso lokuthi isifunda esikhulu salokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuvukela umbuso e-Iraq yizindawo zama-Arab Sunni zezwe, futhi njengoba sazi kahle ukuthi ama-Arab Sunni e-Iraq ayidlanzana labantu futhi ama-Arab Shi'ites inani lawo liphindwe kathathu, futhi amaKurds alingana noma alingana nama-Arab Sunni ngenani, kodwa anamandla kakhulu embuthweni wezempi ohleliwe, ngicabanga ukuthi, ngaphandle kwedlanzana elincane lezihlanya, iningi elibanzi lamaSunnis angama-Arab lizoqonda. ukuthi kuzoba yintshisekelo yabo ukuxoxisana futhi bafinyelele isivumelwano ngokuvumelana okuthile. Uma kungenjalo, ukhetho lwempi yombango lungaba yinhlekelele kuma-Arab Sunni ngoba babezobanjwa phakathi kwamandla nebutho lezempi lamaKurds ngakolunye uhlangothi kanye nenani elikhulu lamaShi'ite ngakolunye uhlangothi, futhi lokho kungaba kakhulu, isimo esiyingozi kakhulu futhi esiyingozi.
BW: Nokho-ke lokho akubonakali kungabathibayo manje.
GA: Impela. Ine cha umphumela ovimbelayo kubo manje. Ukuba khona kwamasosha ahlaselayo kuvimbela lokhu - noma yikuphi ukungqubuzana okuqondile phakathi kwezingxenye ezintathu ezinkulu zabantu base-Iraq. Futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, khona kanye ukuba khona kwamasosha asebenzayo kunikeza ukuba semthethweni kwangempela okungenani kwezenzo zokulwa nomsebenzi ezenziwa amaqembu ahlukahlukene ahlomile e-Iraq. Futhi-ke ama-Arab Sunni abheka ukuthi lo mzabalazo wezikhali usemthethweni - noma kukhona umehluko okufanele wenziwe lapha phakathi kwezenzo ezimelene namasosha kanye nezenzo zomlingiswa wehlelo. Ukubulawa kwabantu abaningi kwamaShi'ite, ukubulawa kwezakhamuzi, akwamukeleki nakancane nayiningi lama-Arab Sunni. Ngiqonde ukuthi, abantu abaningi bakubheka njengezenzo zobugebengu futhi ngisho neNhlangano Yezazi ZamaSulumane ihlale yenza umehluko phakathi kwalokho abakubiza ngokuthi โukumelana okuhloniphekile,โ okuvele kuhlasele amasosha, kanye nalokho bona ngokwabo abakubiza ngokuthi โubuphekula,โ okungukuthi. zonke lezi zenzo ezihloselwe izakhamizi noma ama-Iraqi akanye nawoโฆ
BW: Inhlangano Yezazi ZamaSulumane - lena yinhlangano yase-Iraq?
I-GA: I-Association of Muslim Scholars iyiqembu elinethonya elikhulu phakathi kwama-Arab Sunni e-Iraq. Iqiniso lokuthi ubungenakho ukuphikiswa okunamandla okuhleliwe ku-Saddam okugxilwe phakathi kwama-Arab Sunni kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi abukho ubuholi obukhulu bamaSunni njengoba unabo kumaShi'ite namaKurds. Kodwa noma kunjalo, unenani elithile lamaqembu, futhi ngokuvamile kubhekwa ukuthi i-Association of Muslim Scholars inethonya elikhulu phakathi kwala maqembu.
Futhi ngisho neNhlangano Yezazi ZamaSulumane ithi uma umnqamulajuqu wokuhoxa usunqunyiwe, yonke imisebenzi yezikhali kufanele ime. Ngakho-ke, kunezizathu zangempela zokukholelwa ukuthi uma amandla okusebenza eshiya i-Iraq, isisusa sendlela ethile yokuphilisana phakathi kwezingxenye ezihlukahlukene zenani labantu base-Iraq sizoba namandla kakhulu.
BW: Kepha nokho kubonakala sengathi iningi lamaqembu afanayo enza imisebenzi yokumelana namasosha ase-US kanye nokuhlaselwa kwezakhamiziโฆ
GA: Cha, hhayi bonke. Cha. Amaqembu aqhuba imisebenzi ehlomile e-Iraq maningi futhi ahlukahlukene. Ekuqaleni komsebenzi, kwalinganiselwa ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yokuhlaselwa kwamasosha ayenziwa amaqembu endawo abantu. Uyazi, i-Iraq iyizwe lapho abantu ngokuvamile behlomile, unamasiko ezizwe nakho konke lokho...
BW: Futhi lokho kwakuvunyelwe ngaphansi kukaSaddam?
GA: Ngisho nangaphansi kukaSaddam, yebo. Ngisho ukuthi, akekho owayengalokotha asebenzise isikhali sakhe ngokumelene nombuso, ngoba umbuso wawunonya futhi unamandla ahleleke kakhulu, okwakungaba ukuzibulala. Kodwa umbuso awuzange uzame ukuphuca abantu abaningi lezo zikhali ezilula, abantu abebenazo ngokwesiko kule ngxenye yomhlaba.
BW: Sikhuluma ngokuzingela izibhamu lapha noma izibhamu zemishini?
GA: Ngisho nezibhamu zemishini. Uyazi, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, akuvamile ukuthola ama-Kalashnikovs emizini yabantu. Kuxhumene nesiko lamadlozi lokuphatha izikhali futhi kunzima kunoma yimuphi uhulumeni ukuthi azame ukukucindezela lokho ngokuphelele. Futhi ngokuhlakazeka kombuso ngesikhathi kuqala ukuhlasela, abantu babamba zonke izinhlobo zezikhali. Ngakho-ke yingakho kulinganiselwa ukuthi ekuqaleni, izenzo eziningi zenziwa abantu bendawo, ngisho nabantu ngezinye izikhathi, noma amangqamuzana amancane - amaqembu abantu ahlubuka ngenxa yokuhlangenwe nakho kwawo okuqondile komsebenzi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, usuvele unenethiwekhi eyodwa ehleliwe esebenzayo, eyashiywa umbuso wangaphambilini. Siyazi ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi umbuso kaSaddam Hussein, ngenxa yokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo ngo-91, baqonda ukuthi ngeke bakwazi ukumelana namandla ezempi ase-United States, ngakho-ke balungiselela inethiwekhi ukuze baqhube izenzo ngokumelene namasosha. ngemva kokuhlasela. Babeka eceleni izikhali eziningi, iziqhumane, imali. Ngakho-ke ube nenhlanganisela yezenzo ezivela kunethiwekhi ehleliwe, namaqembu endawo noma izenzo eziningi ezizenzakalelayo. Futhi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, waba nokwakheka kwamanethiwekhi amaningana ahleliwe.
Ngakho-ke manje kunenani elithile lamaqembu athathwa njengamanethiwekhi amakhulu ahleliwe omzabalazo wezikhali e-Iraq. Usenawo amaBaath - kodwa amaBhathi awalokothi asayine izenzo zawo ezihlomile ngaphansi kwelebula lawo, ngakho awuke uzwe ngomyalezo ovela kumaBhathi othi "abantu bakithi benze lokhu, noma bahlasele lokhu." Azikho izinkulumo zezempi, izinkulumo nje zezombangazwe ezivela kumaBa'athst - futhi kukholakala ukuthi benza ngemuva kobuso, ngamagama amaSulumaneโฆ.
BW: Kungani? Bengihlala ngisola ukuthi indima yama-Baathists ilinganiswe ngokweqile ekulweni.
GA: Kungani bezokwenza njalo? Ngoba bayazi ukuthi ngeke kudume kakhulu ukusebenzisa ubuwena njengelebula lezenzo ezihlomile ngokumelene nomsebenzi. Lokho kuwukuqagela okuvamile ukuthi kungani bengenza kanjalo. [Ehleka]
BW: Nokho uyaqiniseka ukuthi kukhona ingxenye enkulu ye-Baathist ephikisanayo.
GA: Ngicabanga ukuthi lokhu akunakuphikiswa. Akunakuphikiswa neze. Okungacaci ukuthi yimaphi amaphesenti alabo abantu abaqotho ku-Saddam Hussein, futhi ingakanani ingxenye eyenziwa ngamaqembu ahlukanayo, njengoba ngezinye izikhathi kugcinwaโฆ Kodwa inethiwekhi ehlelekile ye-Baath idlala indima ebalulekile. Futhi-ke une-al-Qaeda, noma iqembu le-Zarqawi, eliye labizwa ngokuthi "i-al-Qaeda e-Iraq" ngu-bin Ladenโฆ
BW: Kubukeka sengathi balamukele igamaโฆ
GA: Yebo, kodwa angiboni ukuthi kungani kungamangaza ukuthi i-al-Qaeda ibona uZarqawi njengomunye wabo. Phela babelana ngemibono efanayo, kusobala. Noma u-Zarqawi eshiseka kakhulu, uma umuntu engaba njalo, kuno-Bin Laden, kunama-classical Bin Ladenists.
Bese uba namanye amaqembu amakhulu amane noma amahlanu, anamagama amaSulumane...
BW: Yimaphi lawo maqembu, futhi yiluphi ulwazi esinalo ngawo?
GA: Nokho, ngokuvamile, unezingxenye ezintathu zezombusazwe zamaqembu ahlomile. Unama-Islamic fundamentalists, kusukela kokudlulele, njenge-Zarqawi, kuya kwabalinganiselayo kakhulu. Unesici sobuzwe kodwa esingesona esobu-Ba'ath, ongenakho ukwethembeka eqenjini le-Baath kanjalo, kanye nemibono nobuholi balo; futhi unoBhaathi. Futhi yilokho onakho. Ngeshwa, awunawo amandla enqubekela phambili phakathi kwalawo maqembu, futhi lokho kuwumphumela wokunqotshwa komlando kwawo wonke amagagasi ophiko lwesokunxele eMpumalanga Ephakathi, okuholele esikhaleni esigcwaliswe yibutho lama-fundamentalist.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
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