Iziteleka ezincane kodwa ezimenyezelwe kakhulu ngabasebenzi base-Walmart nabasezindaweni ezigcina izimpahla ngeledlule zasusa umsindo wenhlangano yabasebenzi futhi bathola ukuhlonishwa okusha kwezindlela zokuhlela uma sezibhekwa njengokungabaza.
"Inhlangano yezabasebenzi imayelana nemiphumela," kusho uDan Schlademan, oqondisa iphrojekthi yeMaking Change at Walmart yeFood and Commercial Workers (UFCW). "Imiphumela idala amandla."
I-Walmart iyimpokophelo ecebile kakhulu ngoba inkampani inkulu kangangokuthi ibeka amaholo nezintengo phakathi kwabahlinzeki kanye nezimbangi.
Liyini isu elibangela igagasi lakamuva elimangalisayo lobushoshovu?
Njengokuhlela okuningi okusha emkhakheni ozimele, amashumi eminyaka emizamo yokuhlanganisa izitolo ze-Walmart e-US naseCanada kuhlangatshezwane nokudubula, ukukhishwa kwemisebenzi, ngisho nokuvalwa.
Ngakho-ke izisebenzi zezitolo ezisebenza ezitolo, izisebenzi zezindlu ezigcina izimpahla ezithutha izimpahla ze-Walmart, ngisho nezisebenzi eziyisivakashi ezicweba ama-crawfish umphakeli azinaki indlela ebekwe umthetho wezabasebenzi wase-US, lapho abasebenzi basayina khona incwadi yezikhalazo becela ukuvotela inyunyana.
Kunalokho, basebenzisa amalungelo abo ukuze balungise izikhalazo ndawonye, โโkungakhathaliseki ukuthi iningi lingaqoqwa ukuze lisekele umzamo noma cha.
Iziteleka zosuku olulodwa ezitolo eziningi ngo-Okthoba noNovemba odlule zabhikishela ukuziphindiselela okungekho emthethweni kulabo ababekhulume ezindaweni zabo zokusebenza futhi bajoyina i-Organisation United for Respect eWalmart. Abaningana base bexoshiwe futhi abaningi bathola izinsongo nokunciphisa amahora ngokubamba kwabo iqhaza.
"Sinendlela yokusabela ezenzweni ezingekho emthethweni," kusho uSchlademan: "amandla esiteleka."
SABALALA EKUDENI OKUSHESHAYO
Ngehlobo eledlule, kulandela imodeli YETHU ye-Walmart, Abasebenzi Benkonzo (SEIU) baqale ukuxhasa ngezimali umzamo wokuhlela abasebenzi bokudla okusheshayo eNew York, Chicago, nakwamanye amadolobha.
Begqugquzelwa yiziteleka ze-warehouse nezitolo zase-Walmart, abasebenzi baqale iziteleka zosuku olulodwa e-New York City ngesonto ngemva ko-Black Friday. Abasebenzi babuyela emuva nabefundisi, izikhulu ezikhethiwe, nabezindaba, behlazisa abaphathi abebenethemba lokuziphindiselela, baphinde babuyisela umgadli kaWendy ngesikhathi imenenja yakhe imxosha ngokubamba iqhaza.
Kodwa izinyathelo ezilandelayo aziqinisekile. โUzama ukuba nenyunyana njengoba sinayo manje? Uma kunjalo ngingasho ukuthi khohlwa, ungakwenzi,โ kusho uRick Smith, owayebambe iqhaza ohlelweni lokulinga ngo-2005 lokuhlela iWalmart eFlorida. Esikhundleni salokho, weluleke izishoshovu ukuthi โzikubone njengoba uqhubeka.โ
Leso isimo sengqondo esihle sabahleli abenza izinto ezithokozisayo zenzeke ezindaweni zokugcina izimpahla, izindawo zokudlela, izindawo zokudlela, ukudla okusheshayo, kanye nasochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kwe-Walmart kusukela emachwebeni kuya ezitolo.
Imizamo yabo iyingxenye โyokungebona abaningiโ ukuhlela esizeni somsebenzi, okuyingxenye yokungcoliswa kwemikhiqizo yabaqashi babo, okuyingxenye yokubambisana komphakathi-kanye nezingxenye ezimbalwa ze-chutzpah.
UZALWA NGOKUDUMALELA
"Inhlangano yezabasebenzi izamile inqwaba yamasu kule minyaka engu-20 edlule," kusho uMark Meinster, ohlela abasebenzi base-Walmart awarehouse e-Illinois. โImikhankaso ebanzi, izivumelwano zokungathathi hlangothi, ukuhlela kwe-NLRBโfuthi nakuba sesifunde okuningi ngalawo maqhinga, akukho nokukodwa kwakho okuhoxise ukwehla.
โNgakho manje sisesikhathini lapho sekuvuleleke khona amasu amasha. Kunokuqonda ukuthi ngeke siluthole uguquko lwemithetho yezemisebenzi maduze, ukuthi abaqashi bazoqhubeka nokuthatha izinyathelo ezinqala kubasebenzi nezinyunyana zabo, ngakho-ke izinyunyana zibheka izindlela zokuba nomthelela kulabo baqashi kwezomnotho.โ
U-Meinster uphinde wancoma amakhono abasebenzi abawafunde emashumini eminyaka okusebenza kwawo kusukela ebuthakathakeni: ucwaningo, ukusebenzisa umthetho, amasu emali, umsebenzi wamazwe ngamazwe. Iqhinga manje, uthe, wukuhlanganisa lawo makhono abasebenzi nokwakha abaholi ezindaweni zokusebenza kanye nokuzimisela ukusebenzisa ukuhlela kwangaphambi kweningi futhi, uma abasebenzi bekhetha kanjalo, bayateleka.
โAngazi ukuthi ngingakuthola kanjani ukunakwa kwezinkampani,โ kusho uMartha Sellers, umshayi wemali eParamount, eCalifornia, owagadla ngo-Black Friday. "Ngilindele ukuthi sifinyelele kubo ngesheke labo."
KUTHULE NGOKUTHABISAYO
Ngaphandle kwedumela elesabekayo likaWalmart, iziteleka zeBlack Friday azizange zikhiqize ukudubula okwengeziwe. โAsicabangi into entsha ekhona enkampanini, kodwa kuthule ngendlela ethokozisayo,โ kusho uSchlademan.
Ukuhamba kuhilele abasebenzi abangaba ngu-500 ezitolo eziningi. Kwezinye izitolo kushaye izisebenzi ezimbalwa; kwezinye ingxenye yeshifu yaphuma.
Cishe abangu-13 baphuma e-Walmart eParamount. โSonke besisaba, kodwa sikwenzile,โ kusho uSellers. Yize isitolo manje singenabo abasebenzi abaningi kunangaphambili, abaphathi abakaze babathathele zinyathelo abatelekile, futhi โbakuqaphela kakhulu abakushoyo.โ
Lokho kuzola kungase kube ngenxa yokuthi iso lomphakathi liku-Walmart. Izenzo ezenziwa ezitolo eziyi-1,000 eziphethwe abalandeli bomphakathi, kusukela kumakhethi amancane olwazi ngaphandle kuya ezixukwini zomculo ezinomsindo ngaphakathi, zithole ukukhanya okuningi kwemidiya.
I-Walmart ifuna nokuvikela isithunzi sayo ngoba izama ukukholisa imikhandlu yamadolobha ukuthi iyivumele yakhe ezindaweni zasemadolobheni esezenqabe ibhokisi elikhulu, izimakethe ezinjengeNew York City neSeattle. Njengoba igandayiwe iMelika yasemaphandleni nesezindaweni zasemadolobheni nezitolo zayo, iWalmart ilangazelela ukukhula emadolobheni.
U-Nick Allen we-Warehouse Workers United ukholelwa ukuthi i-Walmart iyakukhathalela โukulimala kwesithunziโ esingenakulinganiswa, njengoba kwenzeka inkampani ngesikhathi izisebenzi eziyi-112 zezimpahla zomphakeli zishiswa zashona e-Bangladesh. "Uma ungumqashi omkhulu kukubeka izinga lokubhekisisa," esho.
Kodwa ngisho ne-Walmart ekuziphatheni kwayo okuhle kakhulu okwamanje, akucaciโngisho nakubahleliโindlela yokuthatha umzamo wanamuhla wokuthengisa uwuyise kwelinye izinga. Izikhalazo eziningi zezisebenzi, njengalezo ezimayelana nokunakekelwa kwezempilo noma inkokhelo, zithinta inhliziyo yemodeli yebhizinisi lemigwaqo ephansi ye-Walmart futhi izisombululo azikwazi ukukhishwa kubaphathi bezitolo zendawo.
Ngokwesibonelo, abasebenzi bafuna amashifu avamile. Kodwa abaphathi bathola amabhonasi (futhi balondoloze imisebenzi yabo) ngokugcina izindleko zabasebenzi ziphansi besebenzisa uhlelo lokuhlela oluzondwa ngesikhathi, kusho uNelson Lichtenstein, isazi-mlando esibhala ngeWalmart.
Noma kunjalo, โi-Walmart izokwamukela izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezingcindezi,โ kusho uLichtenstein, inqobo nje uma kungasho ukuqaphela inyunyana. Le nkampani ephina imali iphikisana nezibikezelo zayo futhi yanyusa amaholo ezitolo zayo ezingama-700 ngo-2006, ngokusho kwezokuxhumana kwenkampani okusanda kuvezwa. Ukwenyuka kungenzeka kube umphumela wokuhlela okungebona abaningi ngomfutho ngo-2005 nango-2006 (bona ibha eseceleni).
Futhi ngoJanuwari 15 kube nophawu ukuthi iziteleka zenze abaphathi abaphezulu bazivikele ngokuhlela. Isikhulu se-Walmart uBill Simon umemezele izinhloso ezingacacile zokushintsha izinqubo zokuhlela zenkampani, okubangele impendulo engabazayo evela ku-OUR Walmart: "Sidinga lawa magama ukuze ahumushele esenzweni sangempela."
UKUKHULISA IKHOKHE
Uma umzamo wamanje ugcina ukhuphule iholo le-Walmart kakhulu, kuzoba izindaba ezinhle kubasebenzi bezitolo nezitolo zegrosa ezweni lonkeโesinye isizathu sokuthi abahleli baqonde inkampani.
I-Walmart isebenzisa cishe oyedwa kwabasebenzi abayi-100 base-US. Iphinde ithengise igilosa eminingi ukwedlula noma yimaphi amaketanga amakhulu egrosa ase-US futhi ibukela phansi amaholo egilosa nabanye abasebenzi abadayisayo, abaningi babo abangamalungu e-UFCW. Izindinganiso ezingezinhle ze-Walmart zisetshenziselwa ukuthethelela inkokhelo ephansi namashejuli angaqageleki yonke indawo kusukela kubhokisi elikhulu Ithagethi kuya kuma-boutiques aseNew York.
IZIDINGO zethu ze-Walmart zifaka u-$13 ngehora, kanti abasebenzi bokudla okusheshayo eNew York naseChicago basanda kuhlangana ngaphansi kwesibhengezo esithi โFight for $15.โ Osopolitiki bayaxhuga ngemuva. NgoJanuwari, uMbusi waseNew York u-Andrew Cuomo uphakamise ukuthi umholo omncane wombuso kufanele ukhuphuke ngo- $ 1.50 ukuya ku- $ 8.75, namanje uphansi ngokudabukisayo. Kuzwelonke, isisebenzi esijwayelekile se-Walmart senza cishe u-$8.81.
Ukuzama ukuxosha abasebenzi kumakhasimende, ama-naysayers athi amaholo aphezulu azonyusa amanani e-Walmart. Kodwa ucwaningo lwakamuva olwenziwa yithimba labacabangi iDemos lulinganisele ukuthi uma bonke abathengisi abakhulu abahola kancane bekhuphula abasebenzi bezitolo bafinyelela ku-$12.25 ngehora, lokho kungakhuphula izingxenye ezintathu kwezine zesigidi zabantu baseMelika ngaphezu komugqa wobumpofuโfuthi kubiza amakhasimende amasenti angu-15 kuphela uhambo lokuthenga lokuthenga.
Ngaleso sikhathi, lawo maholo amakhasimende afanayo adonswe phansi umnotho we-Walmartized. Ngokusho kwe-Economic Policy Institute, umndeni wakwaWalton ulawula amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-100, ingcebo engaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-42 aphansi abantu baseMelika ehlangene.
'UMTHOMBO OVULEKILE' UKUHLELA
I-Walmart inezitolo ezingaphezu kuka-4,000 kanye nabasebenzi abayizigidi ezingu-1.4 e-US, ngakho I-Walmart YETHU isanda kuklwebha. Ngethemba lokukhula ngokushesha, abahleli bachaza leli qembu ngokuthi โumthombo ovulekile,โ okusho ukuthi izisebenzi zingazithela phezu kwawo, zikhulume nezishoshovu ezikhona, bese zizihlela. Iqembu liziqhayisa ngezinkulungwane zamalungu, lisuka ku-100 ekuqaleni kuka-2011, ezifundazweni ezingu-43.
Amalungu akhokha imali engu-$5 ngenyanga. I-UFCW ifake izinsizakusebenza eziningi futhi "ikuyo isikhathi eside," kusho uSchlademan.
Abaphathi be-Walmart basakaza igama, futhi. Njengoba kusondela imibhikisho yeBlack Friday, abasebenzi ezweni lonke babike imihlangano ebaxwayisa ngokuthi bangazibandakanyi.
Kunekhwalithi ezenzakalelayo eqenjini. Ikhasi lethu le-Facebook leWalmart liyaphithizela ngezingxoxo eziqhubekayo ezitolo. Abasebenzi baqhathanisa amabhonasi abo okwabelana ngenzuzo yekota (isilinganiso), baxoxe izindaba ngabaphathi abahlanyayo (omunye ose-Alabama usanda kuba nomhlangano wemizuzu engu-30 efrijini ukuze bajezise abasebenzi), qhathanisa amahora abo (ehla kusukela ngoKhisimusi), bese ubhala ukuze ubuze. ukuze uthole usizo.
โNgisebenza eWalmart eMoultrie, eGeorgia,โ kubhala uMichael Brady ngoDisemba 30. โAbaphathi basebenzisa amandla abo ukuxosha abantu ngoba nje bengakuthandiโฆ Ngezwa ngaleli qembu kumngane wethu futhi siludinga ngempela usizo. lapha."
Abanye bakhungathekile emsebenzini kodwa bazwakalisa ukungabaza ngokuhlela. โNgeke kube khona ukuhlonishwa kwethu, sisebenza nje, yilokho kuphela esikwenzayoโฆLabo abayizinja bayaxoshwa, sikufisela inhlanhla ngesivumelwano sakho esincane lapha,โ kubhala u-Travis Ratajcyzk, owehlisa izimpahla e-Covina, eCalifornia.
IZISHOSHOVU zethu zeWalmart kwezinye izitolo zimqinisekise ukuthi sekuphele unyaka esebenza futhi azikaxoshwa.
Kungenzeka ukuthi ukwakheka kwamanje kweBhodi Likazwelonke Lobudlelwano Bezabasebenzi kuyasiza ekugwemeni ukudubula okuziphindiselelayo. Ngo-2000, i-Walmart yabhekana namacala ebhodi ngokuziphindiselela kubasebenzi basesitolo ezweni lonke. Abangamashumi amane nanye baxoshwe ngenxa yomsebenzi ohlangene phakathi kuka-1998 no-2003, kusho i-UFCW.
Inyunyana inethemba lokuthi izowina isimemezelo esibanzi ngokumelene nenkampani, obekungase kunikeze abasebenzi indawo yokuphefumula ezweni lonke ukuthi bahlele. Kodwa, ngokusho kuka-Lichtenstein, u-Walmart wenza ucingo ku-White House, futhi abaphathi be-Bush abangenayo baxosha ngokushesha uMeluleki Jikelele we-NLRB onozwela uLeonard Page. Isikhalo asizange siye ndawo.
Ngaphansi kukaMongameli u-Obama, ibhodi kanye nomeluleki jikelele baye bazwela kakhulu ekuhleleni abasebenzi futhi baze bafune nemiyalo emelene nomsebenzi omelene nezinyunyana kwezinye izinkampani.
Ibhodi lingaba usizo uma inkampani ibuyela esimweni sayo โsomlilo kuqala, sibhekane nezinkinga zomthetho kamuvaโ.
"Sicabanga okubi kakhulu futhi sithemba okuhle kakhulu," kusho uSchlademan ngokuziphatha kwakamuva kwenkampani. "I-Walmart inhle ngokuba nesineke futhi ilinde kuze kuphele ukukhanya kubo."
Ukulungiselela, inyunyana kanye ne-Walmart YETHU bebezama imibono yokutholwa kwesitolo, ngakho amalungu omphakathi angasusa umsindo ngokushesha uma abasebenzi bexoshwa. Baphinde bathuthukisa uhlelo lwe-elekthronikhi lokuphendula ngokushesha futhi baxhumane nabefundisi bendawo abanozwela nabaholi abakhethiwe. Futhi bahlela ezinye iziteleka.
UJenny Brown ungumbhali wezisebenzi ze-Labour Notes.[i-imeyili ivikelwe]
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
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