Lokhu kuyingxenye yesibili yezingxenye ezintathu uchungechunge, "Ukufa Ezimayini Zamalahle," okubheka ukuthi izimfuneko zemvelo nezezezimali ziwashintsha kanjani amalahle ngesikhathi isimo sabasebenzi siba sibi.
MORGANTOWN, WEST VIRGINIA–Uma ungumuntu odonsa kanzima ngesikweletu, izinketho zakho zinomkhawulo. Kodwa uma uyinkampani yamalahle, ungase ukwazi ukusebenzisa isu elisha lokudala ukuze uchithe izibopho zakho.
Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, i-Peabody Energy ne-Arch Coal, izinkampani zamalahle ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezweni, zikhiphe izibopho zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kwasebethathe umhlalaphansi ezinkampanini ezintsha manje ezibhekene nokuqothuka. Inhlangano i-United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) ithi lezi zinhlelo zenzelwe ukuthi zingaphumeleli ukuze kukhucululwe amabhuku ezinkampani ezikweletini zazo asebathatha umhlalaphansi.
Ngo-2007, i-Peabody Energy yasungula inkampani entsha, i-Patriot Coal, eyazuza ifa lezimayini eziyi-10 ezihlangene eKentucky naseWest Virginia. Kanye nezimayini, i-Patriot yathatha amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-557 ezibophweni zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kwabathatha umhlalaphansi eMWA. Ngo-2008, uPatriot wathenga iMagnum, eyayisulwe ngendlela efanayo ku-Arch Coal eminyakeni emithathu ngaphambili. Kusuka eMagnum, u-Patriot uthole ifa lenye imali engu-$500 wezigidi ezibophweni kubavukuzi asebethathe umhlalaphansi, ngokusho kwe-UMWA.
Ngokudabukisayo, enkampanini eneminyaka engu-5 ubudala, u-Patriot wahlangana nabantu abathatha umhlalaphansi cishe ngokuphindwe kathathu kunabasebenzi abakhuthele, abangaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-90 abangakaze bayisebenzele inkampani. Icindezelwe izikweleti zayo, ngo-Julayi ka-2012 u-Patriot wamemezela ukuthi uphelelwe amandla.
Enkantolo yokushoda kwemali, uPatriot ufuna ukukhululwa ezibophweni zakhe zempesheni kanye nezomhlalaphansi kubantu ababalelwa ku-10,000 eMWA asebethathe umhlalaphansi, okuhlanganisa abahlomuli abangaphezu kuka-20,000 okuyimali engaphezu kuka-$1.3 billion.
"Ikakhulukazi enkathini yokwehla kwesidingo nentengo yamalahle, kunokungafani phakathi kwezindleko zezibopho zefa [likaPatriot] kanye nekhono [lalo] eliqhubekayo lokukhiqiza imali," kubhala u-Patriot Coal ezincwadini zakhe zokuqothuka. "Ukubuyela [kwe-Patriot] ekusebenzeni kwesikhathi eside kuncike emandleni [ayo] okuzuza ukonga maqondana nalezi zikweletu."
Ukuphendula ngokuqothuka, i-UMWA imangalele uPeabody no-Arch Coal, ithi uPatriot wayedalelwe ukwehluleka ukuze akhulule uPeabody ezibophweni zabathatha umhlalaphansi. Icaphuna uMthetho wamalahle ka-1992-lapho uKhongolose wayala izinkampani zamalahle ukuthi zinikeze izinzuzo zokunakekelwa kwempilo impilo yonke kwabathatha umhlalaphansi be-UMWA-UMWA uthi izikhondlakhondla zezimayini zisabhekene nezibopho zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kwabathatha umhlalaphansi ezithathwa uPatriot.
Uhlelo olucatshangelwe kahle
Ngesikhathi sasekuseni eMorgantown, uMongameli we-UMWA uCecil Roberts uchaza ukusungulwa kwePatriot. “Kufana nokuthi sonke singuPeabody ohlezi lapha, futhi mina ngiyi-CEO. Kwenzeka lokhu. 'Hhayi-ke sizokwakha inkampani entsha bafana. Uzoba yi-CEO; uzoba yiphini likamongameli; uzoba umgcinimafa.' Zonke izikhulu zazivela endlunkulu yenhlangano [kaPeabody] eSt. U-Peabody unqume ngokungananazi ukuthi yiziphi izimpahla uPatriot azoba nazo. Banquma ngokungananazi ukuthi iziphi izikweletu ezoba nazo. Banikeze uPatriot bonke asebethathe umhlalaphansi. "
Ngiyabuza u-Roberts ukuthi ukusungula inkampani engaphansi ukuze kucishwe isikweletu sempesheni kuyindlela entsha-ezingazama ezinye izinkampani uma iphumelela. U-Roberts uyahleka bese ethi, “'Inoveli' cishe iyinikeza uhlobo oluthile lwendawo yokuziphatha ephakeme. Ukhuluma ngohlelo olucatshangelwe kahle lokuzidela ngezethembiso nezibopho abazenza eminyakeni engama-60. Lokhu bekufanele kwenziwe nethimba labameli abafunde lokhu kuze kube phakade ukuze inani le-Peabody likhuphuke, futhi izikweletu abazenzayo ku-balance sheet yabo lapho zidayiswa esidlangalaleni zehliswe kakhulu. "
U-Roberts uyaqhubeka, “Angikaze ngibone isimo esifana nalesi, lapho zonke izikweletu inkampani eyake yazibophezela kuzo kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezingxoxo nenyunyana eminyakeni engu-60 edlule manje ngandlela thize zidluliselwa enkampanini [ephuma phambili]. "
UPatriot Coal unqabile ukuphawula Kulezi zikhathi, kanye nePeabody Energy ayizange ibuyise izicelo zokuphawula. Umkhulumeli wePeabody Energy uVic Svec, nokho, ubatshele Charleston Gazette ngo-Okthoba,
I-Patriot yayiyinkampani esebenzayo ngokuphelele ngenkathi iphonswa ngo-2007. Izehlakalo ezinkulu emva kwaleso sikhathi, ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-Patriot, zathinta kakhulu ikusasa layo, kusukela ekutholeni uguquko kukaPatriot kweMagnum Coal Company kuya ezinqumweni zikaPatriot zokwenza izinguquko ezinkulu ekwakhekeni kwenhloko-dolobha yayo. . … Ezinye izici kwaba ukwehla kwesidingo samalahle ase-U.S. ngenxa yokwehla okukhulu kwamanani egesi yemvelo; ukuthamba kwezimakethe zensimbi zomhlaba wonke; kanye nemithetho ewumthwalo owengeziwe. I-Patriot iphawula eziningi zalezi zici ezifanayo ekufakweni kwayo enkantolo yokuqothuka.
I-Arch Coal ithunyelwe Kulezi zikhathi isitatimende esilandelayo:
Ngomhla zingama-31 kuZibandlela, 2005, i-Arch Coal yaqeda ukuthengiswa kwezinkampani ezintathu ezingaphansi kwayo e-Central Appalachian, kanye nemisebenzi yezimayini ehambisanayo neziqiwi, kuMagnum Coal Company. Lokhu kudayiswa bekuhlanganisa izimayini ezimbili ezimele UMWA nezimbili ebezingahlangene nenyunyana. Ngesikhathi sokuthengiselana, iMagnum yayiphethwe yi-ArcLight Capital Partners. IMagnum yasebenza njengomkhiqizi ozimele kwaze kwaba ngumhla zingama-23 kuJulayi, 2008, lapho iPatriot Coal Company ithenga iMagnum ngenani elibikiwe le-$695 million. U-Arch Coal akazange ahlanganyele nakancane esinqumweni se-ArcLight Capital sokudayisa iMagnum kuPatriot noma esinqumweni sikaPatriot sokuthenga iMagnum.
(Isitatimende sika-Arch Coal siyalishiya iqiniso lokuthi u-Arch ihlanganiswe I-Magnum ene-ArcLight.)
Phezulu emfuleni ngaphandle kokunakekelwa kwezempilo
U-Patriot angase asinde ekuqoqweni ukuze enze inzuzo futhi, kodwa uma asebethathe umhlalaphansi belahlekelwa yizimpesheni zabo nokunakekelwa kwezempilo kule nqubo, bangase bazithole sebengaphansi kwabo.
Ngaphandle kokunakekelwa kwezempilo abaningi bethu bebengeke baphile; besingeke sithenge ngisho nemithi," kusho umvukuzi osewathatha umhlalaphansi we-Patriot u-Clifton Tennant. "Akungabazeki engqondweni yami ukuthi bakwenza lokhu ukuze baphume ezibophweni zabo. Ngazifeza izibopho zami ku-Patriot futhi ngizizwa sengathi ngiyisisebenzi esihle. ”
Udokotela wendawo owelapha abaningi asebethathe umhlalaphansi i-Patriot uthi ukhathazeke kakhulu ngokuthi ukuqothuka kungase kubaphuce ukunakekelwa kwezempilo. “Nginabathile asebethathe umhlalaphansi abangama-Patriot futhi nginabanye abavukuzi abasafufusa i-Patriot—omunye wabo useyekile ukuthatha umhlalaphansi ngenxa yokuthi akazi ukuthi uzokwenzani,” kusho uDkt. Michael Schreoring waseFairmont, W. Va. Basebenza kweminye yemisebenzi eyingozi kakhulu ezweni. Abaningi babo banezinkinga zezokwelapha ezihlobene nalokho; akulungile nje. Kuzoba yinhlekelele kubo. Ngikuthola kunyanyisa ukuthi izinkampani zingadonsa lolu hlobo lwe ama-shenanigans.”
Abaningi babavukuzi baphawula ukuthi sebezidele ukuze bagcine imihlomulo yabo yomhlalaphansi. “Ngaqala ezimayini ngo-1971,” kusho umvukuzi osewathatha umhlalaphansi wePatriot uBill Lemley. "Ngo-1971 saba namasonto amabili eholidini futhi inkampani yamalahle yasitshela ukuthi silithathe nini. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-XNUMX ngangisenamasonto amabili eholidini futhi inkampani yasitshela ukuthi silithathe nini. Asizange silwele elinye iholidi. kanye nelungelo lokuyithatha ngesikhathi esiyifunayo. Sikuyekile lokho ukuze sigcine ukunakekelwa kwezempilo futhi sigcine nezinsuku zethu zokuthatha umhlalaphansi.”
Impi ezayo
UMWA usuqalile ukuhlangana ukuze ufake ingcindezi emphakathini enkantolo yokuqolwa kwemali. Ngo-August, abangu-3,000 ababethathe umhlalaphansi kanye nabavukuzi be-Patriot abavela phesheya Midwest bathamela umhlangano wokuhlela e-Evansville, Ind., kanti abanye abangu-3,000 bahlangana e-Charleston, W. Va. ukuqulwa kwecala lokuqola elivela enkantolo yaseNew York, okubhekwa njengobungane kakhulu ezinkampanini zamacala okuqothuka, endaweni engathathi hlangothi, eduzane nalapho kuhlala abavukuzi. (Ngokutshela, i-Patriot Coal yamisa ezimbili Izinkampani ezingaphansi zaseNew York ngaphandle kwabasebenzi inyanga eyodwa ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo sokuqothuka, okwavumela inkampani ukuba ibambe leli cala eNew York).
Inyunyana yabasebenzi basezimayini isitholile isifiso sayo. Ngemva kokufunda amakhulu ezincwadi ezivela kubavukuzi bamalahle abathintwe ukuqothuka, iJaji Le-U.S. Eliqola uShelley C. Chapman lavuma ukulidlulisela eSt. Ubhale esinqumweni sakhe:
Indlunkulu yenkampani yasePeabody nayo iseSt. Louis; leli qiniso libalulekile uma kubhekwa izinkinga eziphakanyiswe yi-UMWA mayelana nokuphuma kwayo kwe-Patriot kanye nomsebenzi wayo wokunikeza izithembiso zemihlomulo yokunakekelwa kwezempilo kubasebenzi be-Patriot kanye nalabo asebethathe umhlalaphansi ababesebenzela i-Peabody ngaphambi i-spin-off.
Ngemva kwalokhu kunqoba, u-Roberts uthi, inyunyana ihlela ukuhileleka eminye imibhikisho emikhulu ngesikhathi sokuqulwa kwecala lokuqothuka ngaphandle kwekomkhulu le-Peabody’s kanye ne-Patriot e-St. Ukungalaleli komphakathi akuphumi etafuleni, usho kanje. Khonamanjalo, ukuze kufakwe ingcindezi eyengeziwe enkampanini, abavukuzi abangu-2,000 XNUMX boMWA abaqashwe yiPatriot njengamanje bakulungele ukuteleka.
"Bengilokhu ngikholelwa ukuthi noma yiluphi uhlobo lwenhlangano yabantu luhlala lungcono emgwaqeni. Uma kusenkantolo uthola abameli bethu nabameli babo bephikisana ngokusemthethweni. Uma kusemgwaqweni, siphikisana ngokuziphatha." Roberts uthi: “Uma ngingummeli, ngingase ngibone indlela yokushaya umfelokazi endlini yakhe ngendlela efanele futhi mhlawumbe ngingathola ukuthi ngingakwenza kanjani lokho ngokusemthethweni, kodwa uma ngingakwenza mayelana nombuzo wokuthi ingabe lokhu kulungile? Impendulo yalokho ithi cha.”
Lena impi uMWA obona sengathi ngeke ukwazi ukuhlulwa, futhi inyunyana izimisele ukuhoxa.
“Awukaboni lutho. Sizokwenza konke esingakwenza ukucisha izibani,” kusho umvukuzi osewathatha umhlalaphansi wePatriot Coal uBill Lemley. “Uma uPatriot ephunyula kulokhu, kuthiwani ukuthi izinkampani zamalahle nezinye izinkampani ngeke ziphumelele kulokhu? Kuzoba nomphumela we-domino kuzo zonke izimboni. " ULemly uyathula. “Kungani laba bantu bengakwazi nje ukubeka imali ebhange njengoba kwenza abantu abancane?”
UMike Elk Ungumbhali Wezisebenzi Ezikulezi Zikhathi futhi unikela njalo kubhulogi yezabasebenzi Ukusebenza Kulezi Zikhathi. Angakwazi ukufinyelelwa [i-imeyili ivikelwe].
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