Lapho i-Sadat iqala ukubusa ngo-1970, i-Muslim Brotherhood yasuka ekubeni yiqembu lezombangazwe elingekho emthethweni yaba inhlangano yezombangazwe okuwukuphela kwayo enombuso wamahhala ozokhula. Babekwazi ukuveza imibono yabo ngokukhululekile; bakwazi ukusabalalisa imibono yabo yobu-Islam ngaphandle kwemiphumela; bakwazi ukufundisa izingane ngaphandle kokungenelela kukahulumeni; futhi bakwazi ukusabalala bafinyelela emazingeni aphansi ezindawo ezimpofu kakhulu zaseGibhithe.
Lokhu kwenzeka eminyakeni engu-40 edlule. Kusobala-ke ukuthi njengoba kube yiwona kuphela iqembu eliphikisayo embusweni ononya isikhathi esingaphezu kwesizukulwane, ukuthi iMuslim Brotherhood yilona kuphela iqembu langempela elikwazi ukuthatha iPhalamende kanye neHhovisi likaMongameli uma sekunedemokhrasi emele isisekelo sombuso. ukuketulwa kukaMubarak.
Ngesikhathi i-revolution iqala ngoJanuwari 25, 2011, i-Muslim Brotherhood yaqala ukuduba ukuvukela, ithi akulungile ukuphuma ngokubhikisha. Kodwa lapho sebebonile ukuthi kwakuyinhlangano engeke iphele ngaphandle kokunqoba, bachela abantu. Ama-Imam kuma-mosque aqala ukuqeda umkhuleko ngamunye ngokutshela abesilisa nabesifazane abangaphakathi ukuthi bashaye imigwaqo. Nakuba lokho kungase kuzwakale kukuhle, ungalenzi iphutha: bekuyi-a ezombusazwe isinqumo hhayi esisodwa sokuziphatha. Ukuxoshwa kukaMubarak ngoFebhuwari 11, 2011 kwavula isikhala esingakaze sibonakale e-Egypt ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Sase sifikile isikhathi sokuba i-Muslim Brotherhood ithathe isinyathelo.
Ngenkathi, ehlobo lika-2012 ukhetho lokuqala lwase-Egypt โlwentando yeningiโ lwenzeka, ukukhetha okuyisisekelo kwaba yileyo abaningi bethu eNtshonalanga kade beyijwayele: ukukhetha phakathi kobubi obuncane obubili. Yebo, ukukhetha bekuphakathi kommeleli wombuso omdala, u-Ahmed Shafiq, nelungu le-Muslim Brotherhood, uMohamed Morsi. Ngemva kokwanela ngombuso omdala, abantu baphume ngamanani bayovota eMorsi - kwase kuba umongameli wokuqala okhethiwe eminyakeni engu-60.
Lena indaba wonke umuntu waseNtshonalanga ayizwayo - inkolelo eyamukelekayo yalokho okwenzeka eGibhithe. โInguquko isiphelile!โ kwakuwumlayezo ozothunyelwa. Lena kwakuyintando yeningi, yikho lokhu abantu baseGibhithe ababekulwela. Kodwa ngemuva kwezigcawu abavukeli, abaluduba kakhulu ukhetho ukuze bazwakalise ukungeneliseki kwabo ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuzikhethela kwangempela, abazange bayeke ukulwa nokucindezelwa okuqhubekayo kombuso kanye nokuqoqwa kwamandla ngaphakathi kwehhovisi elilodwa elifunwa yiqembu lamaSulumane.
Uguquko lwaseGibhithe nalo aluzange lunqanyulwe ekucindezelweni kwamazwe ngamazwe. I-IMF, isibonelo, ithembise izigidigidi zosizo ukusiza ukwakha kabusha umnotho wase-Egypt kungakhathalekile ukuthi ubani owayephethe, ifuna izinguquko ezivamile ze-neoliberal free market ukuze ithole uxhaso oluphuthumayo. Lokhu, kuhambisana nesithembiso sika-Obama sokuqhubeka nosizo lwezempi luka-$1.2bn ngonyaka e-Egypt, kukhombisa into ebaluleke kakhulu: I-Muslim Brotherhood ingomunye nje unodoli wamasosha omhlaba, njengoba kwakunjalo nombuso kaMubarak kanye nowandulelayo.
Isimo sezwe saseGibhithe, usayizi, kanye nokubaluleka kwamasiko kuwo wonke umhlaba wama-Arab kuyenza ibe umfelandawonye obalulekile eNtshonalanga kanye no-Israyeli. Ngakho-ke umsebenzi wabezindaba bekuwukwenza uMorsi iqhawe le-Egypt namadlelandawonye ayo. Futhi benza kahle, bencoma uMorsi njengendoda eyasiza ekuxoxisaneni phakathi kuka-Israyeli nePalestine. Njengoba benza ku-Sadat, umphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe ukholelwa ukuthi u-Morsi wayengumuntu oqotho futhi enguzakwethu othembekile - hhayi umashiqela.
Kwathi ngemva nje kosuku kumenyezelwe ukumiswa kwezikhali phakathi kweHamas ne-Israel, kwaphuma isimemezelo esidlangalaleni nguMorsi esingashaqisanga abantu baseGibhithe kuphela kodwa nomphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe:
AMAQINISO NGOMTHETHO OMTSHA (Ngokwe- Al Jazeera):
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UMongameli uthi umthetho omusha uhlose 'ukuhlanza izikhungo zombuso'
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Umthetho uvumela umongameli ukuthi aqoke umshushisi womphakathi iminyaka emine
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UMorsi uzinike amandla okumisa noma yimuphi umthetho awufunayo
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Umthetho kaMorsi uxosha umshushisi jikelele okhona, okusho ukuthi asikho isiphathimandla esingahoxisa noma yiziphi izinqumo zikamongameli.
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UMorsi uyalele ukuthi kuqulwe kabusha icala lezikhulu ezimataniswa nokubulawa kwababhikishi
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Umthetho kaMorsi wokuthi uhlale usebenza kuze kube kukhethwa iphalamende elisha
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IPhalamende alikwazi ukukhethwa kuze kube kusungulwa umthethosisekelo omusha
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UMorsi uphinde wengeza isikhathi sokubhalwa komthethosisekelo omusha
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UMorsi uthi kumele abe namandla aphelele okuvikela uguquko
Lo mthetho awugcinanga nje ngokuqinisekisa amandla aphelele kuMorsi; iphinde yaqinisekisa ukuthi indlu ephezulu yePhalamende kanye nesigungu esibambile (esithweswe amacala okwenza umthethosisekelo omusha) ngeke kuchithwe. Kokubili, ngokuqondana, kulawulwa iningi labamele i-Muslim Brotherhood. Amanye amalungu awo womabili la maqembu aphume ebhikisha, kodwa awakwazanga ukumisa lolu hlelo.
Ukwesaba sekube ngokoqobo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule njengoba imithetho emisha kanye nezingxenye zomthethosisekelo ziqhubeka zingagcini nje ngokucindezela amalungelo abesifazane, kodwa futhi ziguqule kancane kancane iGibhithe libe izwe lamaSulumane. Kungenxa yalokhu kwehla kwezinga lokuba semthethweni kukaMorsi okwenza izishoshovu eziningi zingena emigwaqweni izinyanga manje zinethemba lokusabalalisa ulwazi ngokudunwa kwenguquko yabantu.
Amanye amaqembu aqaphile abelokhu ezulazula edolobheni laseCairo efuna amadoda ahlukumezayo ahlasela abantu besifazane (ngamazwi nangokoqobo). Isimo sabo sengqondo singasukela ekuthuleni - ukuzibeka phakathi kwendoda ehlukumezayo nowesifazane kuze kube yilapho owesifazane efika endaweni ephephile - ohlotsheni olunamandla lobudlova. Iqembu elilodwa selibonakale lifutha amadoda emehlweni ahlukumeza abesifazane ezitaladini.
Nokho-ke kwathi uma sekuvela imithetho emisha kaMorsi, inqwaba yabantu yaqala ukugcwala emigwaqweni futhi kwakhanyisa iTahrir Square edume kabi, ngenxa yolaka lwabantu. Kubonakale izimpawu ezikhombisa uhhafu wobuso bukaMorsi nenye ingxenye yobuso bukaMubarak, ezithi: โMohamed Morsi Mubarakโ. Futhi lapho kulele iphutha le-Muslim Brotherhood: babekholelwa ukuthi babelinde isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuba umoya wokuvukela umbuso wehle uphole. Ngokusobala babecabanga okungalungile.
Ngonyaka odlule nengxenye, umphakathi waseGibhithe uye wazuza izinga elingakaze libonwe lokuqaphela ezombangazwe. Umqondo woguquko phakathi kwabavukeli ngokwabo - ikakhulukazi labo abalwa phambili ngesikhathi kuketulwa uMubarak, futhi iningi labo elalahlekelwa abangane kanye/noma imindeni ekuvukeleni - linamandla kakhulu. Ngakho lapho umGibhithe ovamile ezwa ngemithetho kaMorsi, aba nomuzwa wokuthi umzabalazo wawo wawuyize. Kodwa kunokuba bayeke, baphindela eTahrir - base beqala enye indawo yokuhlala.
Kodwa ngaphakathi eGibhithe, abantu bahlukene phakathi. Sekuqubuke uqhekeko phakathi kwabalandeli bakaMorsi nabamphikisayo; uqhekeko oseluqale ukuvela manje. Ngakolunye uhlangothi kukhona ama-liberals, ama-leftists, amajaji, intsha, izihlakaniphi kanye namavukelambuso. Ngakolunye uhlangothi kukhona amalungu e-Muslim Brotherhood, abazwelana nabo, kanye nabantu abaningi abampofu abathengelwe ikhilogremu likashukela, isinkwa, noma (ngesikhathi esingavamile) inyama - abantu abafanayo abathengwa ngaphandle. usuku lokuhlasela kweKamela ngesikhathi sokuhlala izinsuku eziyi-18 eTahrir Square.
Imigwaqo isiphinde yaba indawo encane yempi. Isisi esikhalisa unyembezi esijikijelwa ngamaphoyisa; Amasosha e-Muslim Brotherhood ahlasela abaphikisi ngokuthula; amatshe kanye nokujikijelwa kukaMolotov ngabavukeli. Kodwa konke lokhu kwenzeka njengoba silindile, ngenkathi siluma izinzipho, isikhundla samasosha. Lokhu, njengasekuqaleni koguquko, kuzofaka isikali kunoma iyiphi indlela. Uma amasosha ehlangene nabaphikisayo, uMorsi ngeke akwazi ukumelana nabantu isikhathi eside. Ukubusa kwakhe okunjengoFaro kuyofika futhi kuphele ngokushesha njengoba kwafika. Kodwa uma amasosha aseGibhithe enquma ukuchema neBrotherhood, lindela impi yombango.
NgoNovemba 2011, i New York Times wamemezela ukuthi uguquko lwaseGibhithe lwaluyi- inguquko engaqediwe. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakuyiqiniso: I-Supreme Council of Armed Forces (SCAF) yayibambe amandla "njengohulumeni wenguquko". Kuso sonke lesi sikhathi, kwaqulwa amacala ezempi kubantu abavamile futhi kwakubonakala sengathi abantu baseGibhithe babevele balwe nombuso owodwa wengcindezelo, ononya, kodwa bahlangatshezwana nomunye. Uhlelo ngokwalo belungakehliswanga. Kuphela ubuso bayo obushintshile: kusuka ku-Mubarak, kuya ku-SCAF, kuya ku-Mohamed Morsi.
Njengamanje, sibona ukuzalwa okuhamba kancane nokubuhlungu kwesigaba sokugcina salolo guquko olungaqediwe. Ngemva kokuphoqwa yiqiniso phansi ukuze kuqashelwe amanga angokwemvelo agxilile phakathi kwenqubo yentando yeningi emele, kungenzeka yini ukuthi abantu baseGibhithe bazovuka befuna okunye okwengeziwe? Kungenzeka yini ukuthi abaseGibhithe - cishe eminyakeni emibili ngemva kokukhuthaza umhlaba ukuba uvuke real intando yeningi yonke indawo - ingabuyela emigomeni efuna lokho real intando yeningi ngokwabo?
Le mibuzo, kanye nesinqumo samasosha aseGibhithe, ingaphendulwa kuphela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zithini izimpendulo, cishe eminyakeni emibili kusukela kwaqala lolu shintsho, ukuphela kuseduze. Ngeke kusaba uguquko olungaqediwe. Lokhu kuguquguquka kuzophumelela, noma kuzohluleka. Nokho, kulokhu izinto zingase zingabi lula njengoba zazinjalo ngo-2011.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela