ENdiya sikhulekela ubulongwe benkomo ngokuthi uLakshmi, unkulunkulukazi womcebo. I-Gobur-dhan puja iwukukhulekelwa kwe-gobur (cowdung) dhan (ingcebo).
Ubulongwe bezinkomo bukhulekelwa ngoba buwumthombo wokuvuselela ukuvunda komhlabathi futhi yingakho ukusimama komphakathi wesintu. Inkomo yenziwe yaba ngcwele eNdiya ngoba iyitshe eliyinhloko le-agro-ecosystem - iwukhiye ekusimameni kwezolimo.
Ngenkathi i-Monsanto kanye nabakhulumeli bemboni ye-biotech ababebukisa ngokuthi “abalimi†banginikeza ubulongwe bezinkomo e-WSSD eGoli, ngawamukela “umklomelo” wabo njengokuhlonipha ukulima okuphilayo kanye nezolimo ezisimeme.
Ukuhlangana kwabalimi abancane e-WSSD nabalimi abavela kulo lonke elase-Afrika benqaba ama-GMO, kanye namakhemikhali futhi bazibophezela ekulimeni ngemvelo, nokuvikela amalungelo abalimi. Bakhetha ngokukhululekile imbewu abangazonga kanye nobuchwepheshe obuqhubekayo. Izinhlangano zabalimi e-India nase-Afrika zithi “cha†kuma-GMO’ ngesisekelo senkululeko yabo yokuzikhethela ukwenza i-organic okusho ukuthi bakhululekile ekungcolisweni kofuzo okuvela ezitshalweni ze-GM. Ukungcoliswa kwezakhi zofuzo kuphuca abalimi inkululeko yabo yokungabi naGM. Iziguli namalungelo empahla yobuhlakani ezimbewuni aphuca abalimi inkululeko yabo yokonga, ukushintshana, ukuthuthukisa imbewu. Abalimi baphathwa “njengamasela†“izigebengu†ngenxa yokusebenzisa amalungelo abalimi. Isibonelo esibi kunazo zonke esikaParcy Schmeiser omasimini akhe e-canola ayengcoliswe yi-Monsanto's GM canola futhi wamangalelwa “ngokweba” izakhi zofuzo. Kungakho thina esilima ngendlela ephilayo futhi esifuna ukulondoloza inkululeko yethu yokulima kanye nokusekela amalungelo abalimi simelana nezinkampani ezingenamsebenzi ezizama ukuphila emhlabeni, okuhlanganisa imbewu, ukungcolisa izitshalo zethu nokudla futhi zibe namandla okulawula ukulima nokulima. abalimi.
Imbewu ye-GM namakhemikhali iwusongo ekusindeni kwabalimi, usongo empilweni yabathengi kanye nosongo emvelweni. Abalimi basePunjab nase-Andhra Pradesh bayazibulala ngoba imbewu ebizayo namakhemikhali avela ezinkampanini ezifana neMonsanto/Mahyco kubafake esikweletini esijulile, esingakhokhwa.
Izimangalo zeMonsanto kanye nabaxolisi bayo abafana no-Swaminathan Iyer (owangibiza “Mbulali Oluhlaza†ku-Times of India ngomhla ka-22 Sept 2002, ngoba ngiqhuba futhi ngigqugquzela ukulima kwemvelo) kokuthi i-GM ingondla umhlaba ingamanga ngokuphelele. Ikotini ye-Monsanto ye-Bt yehlulekile kulo lonke elaseNdiya onyakeni wayo wokuqala wokutshala ngenjongo yokudayisa. E-Khargone e-Madhya Pradesh Bt yehluleke ngo-100% futhi abalimi bafuna isinxephezelo. E-Maharastra, isivuno se-Bt sehlulekile ku-30,000 hec futhi abalimi bacela ama-Rs. 500 crore isinxephezelo. E-Gujarat, e-Bhavnagar, i-Surendranagar ne-Rajkot Bt ukotini ibhujiswe ukuhlasela okukhulu kwe-bollworm, isinambuzane esilawula ubuthi obukhiqiza i-Bt. ufuzo lwenziwe ukotini. Ikotini ye-Bt eyenziwe ngofuzo ayiyona isimangaliso, iwukukhwabanisa kubalimi.
E-Rajasthan, ummbila oyingxubevange iMonsanto ethi uzowunikeza ama-20 – ama-quintals angu-50 ehektheni ngalinye unikeza ama-quintals angu-1.5 kuya kwangu-1.7 ngehektare ngalinye kuyilapho ufuna ukusetshenziswa okunamandla kwamanzi namakhemikhali, okwenza kube nzima uhlaka nendlala.
Izimangalo zesayensi mbumbulu zezinkampani zebiotech ezinganakekeli njengeMonsanto zibulala abalimi bethu, ezolimo zethu, ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo yethu.
Ukulima okuphilayo kukhuphula umkhiqizo wasemapulazini izikhathi ezi-2 kuye kwezi-3, kwenyusa imali etholwa abalimi, futhi kuvikelwe impilo yomphakathi kanye nemvelo. Kungakho i-Time Magazine ihlonze uNavdanya njengephayona lekhulu leminyaka elisha futhi yathi “E-India okungenani, i-Navdanya ibeka izinga elivumelana nemvelo okufanele ibhizinisi lezolimo libonise ukuthi lingakwazi ukulisebenza. Inselelo yonjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo iwukuba benze imbewu evumelane nezindawo ezithile ezivumela abalimi ukuthi banciphise, bangakhulisi, ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali†(Time, Aug 26, 2002, “Seeds of self Reliance, p 36)
I-Monsanto kanye nama-lobbyists ayo benza inzuzo ngokuthengisa nokukhuthaza imbewu enobuthi, enobuthi kanye nokulawulwa kwebhizinisi. Ukunyakaza okufana ne-Navdanya kubungaza ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo, inkululeko yabalimi kanye nobulongwe benkomo. Izinkampani kanye nabakhulumeli bezinkampani baphelelwa yithemba ngoba abantu babona ngamanga abo kanye nokukhohlisa kwabo. Njengoba ukulima okuphilayo kukhula emhlabeni wonke, kanye nokwehluleka nokungaqhubeki kobunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo nobunjiniyela bamakhemikhali kuba sobala, indawo yokwamukela abantu ngamakhemikhali iya iphelelwa yithemba. Ukuhlaselwa kwabo kimina ngikubheka njengophawu lokuphelelwa ithemba okubangelwa ukwehluleka kwezimboni ezingasimeme, ezolimo ezihlangene ekususeni indlala noma ukuthuthukisa izimpilo zabalimi. Izinhlelo ezisimeme ziyakhula ngoba zinikeza izixazululo zangempela enkingeni yendlala nobubha. Futhi ubulongwe bezinkomo, i-biomass kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kusenhliziyweni yokusimama kanye nenye indlela ye-organic engenalo ubudlova esikhundleni sobunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo namakhemikhali.
Ngokwemvelo inkomo ibilokhu iwumgogodla wempucuko yamaNdiya. Kokubili ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo umhlaba wezolimo waseNdiya wakhele ukusimama kwawo ekugcineni ubuqotho benkomo, ibheka ukuthi ayinakuphulwa futhi ingcwele, iyibona njengonina wokuchuma kwezinhlelo zokudla. Ukuhlanganiswa kwemfuyo nokulima kube yimfihlo yezolimo ezisimeme. Imfuyo yenza umsebenzi obalulekile ochungechungeni lokudla ngokuguqula izinto eziphilayo zibe uhlobo olungasetshenziswa kalula yizitshalo. Ngokuka-KM Munshi, ungqongqoshe wokuqala wezolimo waseNdiya ngemuva kwenkululeko, “Inkomo kamama namaNandi akukhulekelwa ize. Bangama-agent asendulo acebisa umhlabathi - iziguquli zomhlaba ezinkulu zemvelo - ezihlinzeka ngezinto eziphilayo okuthi, ngemva kokwelashwa, zibe yimisoco ebaluleke kakhulu. E-India, isiko, imizwa yezenkolo kanye nezidingo zezomnotho ziye zazama ukugcina inani lezinkomo elikhulu ngokwanele ukugcina umjikelezo, kuphela uma sikwazi
Eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, uSir Alfred Howard, onguyise wokulima okusimeme wesimanje wabhala encwadini yakhe yakudala, An Agricultural Testament, ukuthi, ‘Ezolimo zase-Asia sizithola sibhekene nesimiso sokulima kwabalimi, okubalulekile, kwasheshe kwasimama. . Okwenzeka namuhla emasimini amancane aseNdiya naseShayina kwenzeka emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka adlule. Imikhuba yezolimo yaseMpumalanga iphumelele uvivinyo olukhulu kakhulu - icishe ihlale njalo njengaleyo yasehlathini lasendulo, emathafeni, noma olwandle.
U-Howard uhlonze izimiso zezolimo ezisimeme njengalezo zokuvuselela njengoba kubonakala ehlathini lasendulo. Itestamente lezolimo lirekhodi lezinqubo ebezigcine ukuvunda kwenhlabathi yaseNdiya emakhulwini eminyaka. Imibhalo egciniwe yomlando ibonisa ukuthi inhlabathi eyi-alluvial yasethafeni laseGangetic ikhiqize izitshalo ezinobulungiswa unyaka nonyaka, ngaphandle kokuvunda. Ngokuka-Howard, lokhu kwenzeke ngenxa yokuthi kuye kwafinyelelwa ukulingana okuphelele phakathi kwezidingo zomquba ezitshalweni ezivuniwe kanye nezinqubo zemvelo ezivuselela ukuzala. Ukongiwa kokuvunda komhlabathi kufinyelelwe ngokuhlanganiswa kokutshala okuxubile nokushintshayo okunezitshalo ezinemidumba, ukulingana phakathi kwemfuyo nezitshalo, ukulima okungashoni nokuncane, kanye nokuvundisa ngemvelo.
Kungakho sihlela Izinkulumo ZeSikhumbuzo Sase-Howard ngomhlaka-2 Okthoba njengesikhumbuzo se-India njengomthombo wezolimo ezingenalo udlame, ezisimeme. Inkulumo yalo nyaka yanikezwa uFukuoka, ungqondongqondo wezolimo waseJapan futhi usihlalo wayo uDkt Tewolde Egziabher, uNgqongqoshe wezeMvelo wase-Ethiopia ohole izingxoxo ze-Biosafety eNhlanganweni Yezizwe.
UHoward wabona kubalimi baseNdiya ulwazi lokulima oluthuthuke kakhulu kunolwasentshonalanga. Wayibona imfihlo yokusetshenziswa komhlaba okusimeme kweNdiya njengokutholakala ekubuyiseleni izinto eziphilayo kanye nomquba emhlabathini. Ibhalansi phakathi kwemfuyo nezitshalo yayihlale igcinwa ukuze kugcinwe umjikelezo wokudla nokubuyisela izinto eziphilayo emhlabathini. Indlela yokutshala okuxubile iyingxenye yokujwayela izindlela zemvelo lapho izitshalo ezinjengomabele, ukolweni, ibhali nommbila zixutshwa nama-pulses, okuhlinzeka ngokudla okunomsoco ukunikeza imiphumela engcono kune-monocultures; U-Howard uyaphawula ukuthi, “Lapha sinesinye isenzakalo lapho abalimi baseMpumalanga belindele futhi bathatha isinyathelo ngesixazululo senye yezinkinga isayensi yaseNtshonalanga esaqala ukuyibona manje.†Ukongiwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nezolimo zemvelo kwandisa umkhiqizo wokudla. ngo-200-300%. Ukuqina kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo esikhundleni sokuqina kwamakhemikhali kuyindlela eya phambili kwezolimo zaseNdiya. Ukulima okuphilayo kuyadingeka ukuze kwandiswe ukukhiqizwa kokudla nokuqinisa ukuvikeleka kokudla, ukonga imithombo yemvelo - umhlabathi, amanzi, izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ukuthuthukisa amaholo abalimi nokuphila kahle, ukuvikela izimpilo zasemaphandleni, ukuvimbela izikweletu, nokumisa ukuzibulala okuhlobene nezikweletu. Kudala ukukhululeka ezikweletini, ekubuseni nasezifweni.
Izinkampani zidala ubumpofu ngokuphambukisa imali etholwa abalimi nabalimi abayisebenze kanzima iye embonini yembewu/yezibulala-zinambuzane. Imbewu entsha ngaphandle kokumba eqolo iphinde ibe sengozini ezinambuzaneni nasezifweni eziholela ekuhlulekeni kwezitshalo kanye nokusetshenziswa kakhulu kwamakhemikhali. Lezi ubuchwepheshe obubulalayo obungathandeki futhi obungenasidingo.
Ukudunwa kwebhizinisi kwezolimo kusekelwe kwisayensi mbumbulu kanye nezimangalo ezingamanga. Ubuchwepheshe obunodlame bobunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane ezinobuthi, kanye nokungathembeki, nokukhuthazwa okukhohlisayo kwalobu bumpofu okudala uxhaso lwemali nobuchwepheshe obungasimeme kuholela ekufeni kwabalimi bethu kanye nokucekelwa phansi kokuvikeleka kwemvelo yethu kanye nokuvikeleka kokudla. Lobu ubuchwepheshe bakudala, obuluhlaza nobungasasebenzi obusebenza ngempumelelo ekucekeleni phansi, hhayi ukukhiqiza.
Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo besikhathi esizayo kufanele busebenzele abantu, hhayi ama-corporation, kufanele basebenzisane nemvelo, hhayi ngokumelene nemvelo. Uma abalimi nokulima kufanele babe nekusasa, kufanele kube yizinto eziphilayo. Iplanethi noma abampofu abakwazi ukukhokhela ukuchithwa, ukungasebenzi, ukukhohlisa, ukungcola nobudlova bamakhemikhali nobunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo.
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