Bebezobhala ukuhlaziywa kwangaphambi kokhetho ezinsukwini ezikhazimulayo zaseGreece umbuso we-ancien, umuntu cishe kuzodingeka ethule futhi ahlaziye izikhundla zezombangazwe zamaqembu amakhulu aqhudelanayo. Nokho, lokhu kungenye yezinto eziphelelwe yisikhathi umuntu angase afune ukuzenza uma umuntu ehlose ukusho noma yini ewusizo ngeGreece namuhla. Eqinisweni, akekho noyedwa olindele ukufunda noma yini entsha ezingxoxweni ezisakazwa kumabonakude phakathi kosopolitiki (ngokungangabazeki ukuthi lokhu kudumazeka kufanele kuthathwe njengomphumela omuhle "wale nkinga"). Hhawu, maningi amathemba mayelana nemiphumela yokhetho.
Isiqubulo esidala se-anarchist esikhuthaze lesi sihloko sendatshana sizuze iqiniso eliphuthumayo e-Greece. Kupendwe ngezinhlamvu ezimnyama nezibomvu ezindongeni ezingahleliwe kuyo yonke indawo yasemadolobheni, umlayezo wayo ogqamile ume ngendlela ehluke kakhulu ekukhulumeni okuyize kwalaba abakhulumayo manje abamele ukhetho.
Isikhathi eside, izingcaphuno ezihlakaniphile nezikhuthazayo mayelana nesimo sezombangazwe eGreece ziye zawadlula ngokuphelele ama-manifesto ochwepheshe kanye nemibiko yezintatheli. Ithemba nokuqonda, ukukhuthazela nokugxeka, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kuvezwe nge-graffiti ebomvu nemnyama kunezinkulumo ezenziwa ochwepheshe.
"Inkinga yamaGreki" ibe nemiphumela okungenani emibili kuze kube manje: ikhombise ukuthi ipolitiki esemthethweni ayinawo umbono, nokuthi ubuntatheli obujwayelekile abunamahloni.
Kuyangabazeka ukuthi ngabe sike saba khona yini esinye isikhathi emlandweni wezwe onesiyaluyalu wangemva kweWWII lapho ukuvumelana okwenziwe ngokucophelela (futhi kwavikelwa ngesihluku) - abaxolisi bonxiwankulu abakubiza ngokuzwakalayo ukuthi intando yeningi - kulahlekelwe ubuso obukhulu ezandleni zangaphakathi. kanye nezikhulu ezibusayo zangaphandle.
Ngokushintshashintsha komlando okuyindida, "intando yeningi" iyawohloka usuku nosuku ekukhuleni kwayo, ukuze iziveze njengendawo egcwele igazi yokuxhashazwa, ukucindezela kanye nonya.
Yile ndlela intando yeningi ebukeka ngayo endaweni yokuzalwa kwayo namuhla:
Amaqembu obugebengu be-neo-Nazi aqala izigebengu zokubulala abokufika - abaxoshwa emakhaya abo ezimpini zama-imperialism eMpumalanga Ephakathi nase-sub-Saharan Africa - ngaleyo ndlela ecija amakhono abo okulwa emizimbeni yabasengozini kakhulu, futhi bazilungiselela ngempumelelo ukuhlaselwa okuzayo. emgudwini wokumelana nasekhaya.
Amaqembu ezigebengu ahlomile e-Crypto-racist kanye nodlame - aka izingoma futhi i-delta amaqembu amaphoyisa ezithuthuthu - azulazula emigwaqweni yamadolobha amakhulu, eshaya izintatheli kanye nokuhlukumeza nokubopha labo ababonakala "besola" noma "abahlubukayo".
Osopolitiki abanecala kusuka womabili amaqembu amakhulu (i-Conservative/neoliberal New Democracy kanye ne-social-democratic/neoliberal PASOK) zicasha kubantu abathukuthele ngemuva kwezindonga zezigodlo ezigadiwe, okuvusa izimo zosuku lwembubhiso uma kwenzeka isakhamuzi singalinge sibavotele baphindele esikhundleni.
Omabhange abangakhethwanga kanye nochwepheshe be-EU bawuqhuba kahle lo mbukiso, benquma ngezizukulwane ezizayo ukuzothengisa impahla ebaluleke kakhulu yezwe, futhi bacwilise abantu emazingeni obumpofu nosizi obungakaze bubonwe.
Izintatheli ezingagculisi zicasha ngamanga ahlekisayo kamabonakude nezinsongo ezingafanelekile, zikhala njengezengqondo labo thisha, abalingisa u-Mohamed Bouazizi, ababezimisele ukubeka izimpilo zabo engozini ngokubhikisha kwezombusazwe.
Ngalesi simo sodlame olukhona yonke indawo ngokomzimba nangokwesakhiwo, ukwesaba nokuphelelwa ithemba, okubangelwa abantu abaphakeme nabameleli babo, isiqubulo esidala se-anarchist asimeleli nje incazelo enembe kakhulu yesimo endaweni eyayiyaziwa ngokuthi i-republic yamaGreki, kodwa futhi okuwukuphela kwayo. indlela eya phambili: umzabalazo wokulwa nobuzenzisi kanye nokuzenzisa akufanele ulwe kuphela ngosuku lokhetho, kodwa nsuku zonke.
U-Weimar ulayishe kabusha: Ukwesaba 'okubili okweqisayo'
Futhi, ngempela, abantu abaningi benza lokho kanye: ukuzihlela nsuku zonke ukuze balwe nokucwasa ngokwebala kanye ne-austerity. "Inkinga" iveze amandla okudala phakathi kwengxenye enkulu yabantu baseGreece. Akungabazeki ukuthi iGreece namuhla ihamba phambili ekuphikiseni umhlaba wonke ngokumelene ne-capitalism. Ubuciko nokuqina kwenhlangano yokumelana kukhuthaza ukulwa kwabantu ezwenikazi lonke. Kodwa futhi kuyabethusa abaphezulu - emhlabeni jikelele.
Ipolitiki yaseGreece yeqe kokubili imingcele yezwe kanye nesikhashana sesikhathi sethu. EGreece yanamuhla, umuntu angabona ikusasa leYurophu yakusasa. Izingxabano mayelana namaGreki avilaphayo kanye nabasebenzi bezwe abonakele sebevele baqala ukubukeka be-anachronistic i-vis-a-vis ukusabalala kwale nkinga emacaleni angamamodeli kuze kube manje anjengePortugal, i-Italy, iSpain neFrance.
Manje, labo abafuna ngempela ukubona isithombe sonke bazi kahle ukuthi inkinga ilele konxiwankulu hhayi esikweni lesizwe.
Ngokubhekana nale ntuthuko, isu le-elite lokugcina ukuvumelana selilungisiwe kabusha. Ngemva kokuhluleka kwezingxabano zobandlululo mayelana namasiko nenkohlakalo, sekuvele ishibholeth elisha - umphakathi olusizi futhi ongenakuzivikela: abokufika, izifebe kanye nabampofu. Isu licatshangwe kahle. Ekuqaleni, "okunye" kuchazwa njengengxabano kanye nosongo, bese labo abathatha izikhundla eziqinile nxazonke babhekwa njengezinsongo zokubambisa. Bobabili labo abazimisele ukuvikela "omunye" kanye nalabo abafuna ukuyiqeda, babhalwe ngokuthi "ontamolukhuni".
Ongqongqoshe "beSocialist" bakahulumeni womfelandawonye babiza ababaleki nezifebe "njengamabhomu ahlabayo ahlanzekile", beboleka ngokukhululeka ezinkulumweni zesayensi mbumbulu zaseNtshonalanga mayelana nezinsongo ezingezona ezaseNtshonalanga. Khona-ke, ngemva kokukhiqiza umshini wenkulumo-ze ngokumelene nabokufika phakathi neminyaka edlule, bashaqeka lapho bebona ithonya elivela kude okhethweni lokhetho. Ama-bigots aphelele njengoba enjalo, noma kunjalo, axwayisa ngokukhuphuka kwakho kokubili "okudlulele".
Kodwa-ke, ukuphakama kwalabo abakude kwesokudla okhethweni kudlala ezandleni zezikhulu zezombangazwe ezibusayo, manje ezingabakhomba ngomunwe futhi zimemeze: "Qaphela ukweqisa." Nokho kuyisixwayiso esingamanga. Iqembu lezigebengu elingangenela ukhetho kuphela ngenxa yokuvikelwa kwamaphoyisa njalo alilona usongo lwangempela ohlelweni. I-far-right e-Greece isetshenziswa kakhulu njengokuthusa kwesokunxele kanye namathemba okuvukela umbuso. Impi yama-elites ayiphikisani ne-fascism - noma ubuhlanga, ngaleyo ndaba. Phela lokhu kwakamuva bekuyisinkwa sabo nebhotela kusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yawo-1990.
Usongo olukhona embusweni wabo luvela ikakhulukazi ekuvukeleni kwabantu abaningi, obekuthi ukube besokunxele bekuwumsebenzi oqhubekayo ngabe kade kwenzeka.
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Inganekwane yasemadolobheni inakho ukuthi isiqubulo sika Ababhikishi baseSpain ePuerta del Sol kwabhebhethekisa inhlansi ye-Greek Tahrir - isikwele se-Syntagma - entwasahlobo ka-2011: ยกQala kabusha iGrisi! ["Thula noma uzovusa iGreece"].
Kuthiwa lesi siqubulo savusa ukuziqhenya kwamaGreki ngokubhikisha nokungalaleli komphakathi. Ukuthi isiqubulo sasikhona ngempela noma cha asisho lutho. Okuyiqiniso nokubalulekile, nokho, ukuthi imibhikisho yaseSpain yabangela umphumela we-domino eGreece, njengoba nje imibhikisho yaseTunisia yenza eGibhithe.
Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo ezifanayo zokubhikisha (iziteleka, amamashi, imihlangano yomphakathi, izindawo zomphakathi ezigcwele) azikaveli - okwamanje - ziphinde zivele ngesilinganiso esifanayo kule ntwasahlobo. Ukucindezelwa okudlulele kombuso, ukungavikeleki okusabalele ngekusasa kanye nethemba elingacacile loshintsho ngokhetho oluzayo kubonakala sengathi kuthathe umoya kumaseyili ezinhlobo ezidumile zokumelana.
Nokho, uma amaGreki avuka entwasahlobo edlule, yisikhulu esisele ezweni esisalele.
Akekho obonakala ekholelwa kakhulu ekutheni kuzoba noshintsho okhethweni kunamaqembu amabili amakhulu aphikisana nonxiwankulu asele namuhla: iqembu lamaKhomanisi (i-KKE) kanye ne-Syriza, umfelandawonye wamaqembu aphikisayo kanye nama-Euro-Communist angaphambilini.
Nakuba iningi labantu ababhikishayo ezweni kade laphelelwa yithemba ngohlelo lokubusa, olubizwa ngokuthi โintando yeningiโ, womabili la maqembu aphinde agcizelela ukholo lwawo ebhokisini lokuvota ngawo wonke amathuba.
Ngenkathi amakhulu ezinkulungwane ezungeza iphalamende bebhikishela abakubona njengomthethosisekelo coup d'etat ngamaqembu abusayo, womabili amaqembu agcina amalungu ePhalamende engaphakathi, efaka isandla ngempumelelo ekulungiseni umbuso wodlame olusobala "njengezingxoxo zezepolitiki".
Ngenkathi abasebenzi nabahola impesheni ezweni lonke bencishwa izindlela eziyisisekelo zokuphila, zombili izinhlangothi zibacela ukuthi babekezele futhi baqinisekise ukuthi abafi kuze kube uMeyi 6.
Ngenkathi amaqembu ama-fascist ukuxosha abokufika abangenakuzivikela emini evulekile, womabili amaqembu ahlanganisa abalandeli bawo ikakhulukazi - uma kungenjalo kuphela - emikhankasweni yawo yokhetho.
Kuwo womabili amaqembu, ukhetho luthole umbono ocishe ufinyelele eminyakeni eyinkulungwane, okufana nokuza kwesibili: kuthiwani uma ukuvota okhethweni kukhombisa iqembu le-neo-Nazi laseGreece (Golden Dawn) liphezulu ngamaphesenti amahlanu noma ayisithupha? Kwesokunxele imatasa ibungaza amaphuzu ayo enamadijithi amabili kuma-poll afanayo.
Nakulokhu, umuntu uzwa isidingo sokuphinda athi: uma ukhetho lungashintsha izinto, ngabe lwenziwe olungekho emthethweni. Eqinisweni, lokhu kungase kwenzeke ngandlela thize: amalungu ezikhulu zezombangazwe aphakamise ngokungenamahloni ukuhlehliswa kokhetho, kuyilapho izikhulu zaseYurophu ziveze ngokucacile ukuthi ngaphandle kokuba abavoti bakhethe elinye lamaqembu amabili amakhulu, izwe lizongena phakathi. izinxushunxushu, okudale ukuthi umholi weSyriza afake isimangalo kuKhomishini yaseYurophu ngokugxambukela kwezangaphandle ezindabeni zangaphakathi zezwe.
Kukho konke lokhu, kubonakala kubalulekile ukubuza ukuthi:
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Esikhundleni sokwenza uhlelo lokhetho, kungaba usizo kakhulu ukwenza izinhlelo zansuku zonke zokugqugquzela abantu ukulwa nodlame nosizi oluqhutshwa ngabathile.
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Esikhundleni sokuxoxisana nalabo ababulala "idemokhrasi" ephalamende, kungaba yimpumelelo kakhulu ukungena ezinhlwini zalabo abazungezile isakhiwo.
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Esikhundleni sokulinda imiphumela yokhetho ukunika amandla iqembu, kungaba okubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisa amakomiti endawo abokufika kanye namaGreki ndawonye ekulweni namaqembu aphikisayo ngokwedlulele.
Esikhundleni sokuhlakulela imibono ekhohlisayo mayelana noshintsho ngokhetho, kungaba qotho kakhulu ukushesha ukuya ohlelweni lwangemva kokumelwa lweNtando Yeningi Eqondile.
U-Nikolas Kosmatopoulos ungumfundi we-PhD ku-anthropology e-University of Zurich. Wenze umsebenzi wobungcweti bokuthula eLebanon naseGeneva futhi manje usevakashele isazi e-Columbia University nase-CUNY.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
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