Ingabe umhlaba wezishoshovu zedijithali uqine ngokwanele ukuba usinde ekuhlaselweni yimithetho amandla amakhulu omhlaba?
Ukuhlasela okusemthethweni akuyona inkinga enkulu, kungaba nge-inthanethi noma uguquko lwezokuxhumana - okusinikeze ikhono elinjalo lokuqonda umhlaba ngokufunda ngesipiliyoni sabanye abantu. Kunalokho, inkinga ukwanda okukhulu kwezikhungo zezobunhloli zikahulumeni, manje eziqapha cishe yonke imingcele kanye nakho konke ukugeleza kwethrafikhi ye-inthanethi.
Isibonelo, izinkampani emhlabeni jikelele zithengisela izifundazwe imishini ngamaRandi ayizigidi eziyi-10 ngonyaka, ukuze ziqophe ucingo ngalunye, i-imeyili kanye ne-SMS engena futhi iphuma ezweni. Izigidigidi zamahora ocingo - futhi hhayi nje ukuzibuka bese mhlawumbe uzilahle, kodwa ukurekhoda lolo lwazi unomphela.
Futhi lokho kuyingxenye yezincwadi zokumaketha ezichaza izinhlangano zezobunhloli: asisadingeki ukukhetha ukuthi ubani omelana naye - ubamba wonke umuntu futhi uqopha yonke into unomphela, bese kuthi uma esikhathini esizayo uba nentshisekelo kumuntu othile, usunalo ulwazi. yonke ingobo yomlando yakho konke ukuxhumana kwabo futhi uyaqonda ukuthi bangobani nokuthi bangobani abangani babo. Awudingi ngisho nama-intelligence agents ukwenza lokhu - kukhona ama-algorithms avuselelayo futhi abheke inethiwekhi yabantu nokuthi baxhumeke kanjani ndawonye. Kuwuhlobo oluzayo lwesimo sokugada sobushiqela.
Isibonelo, i-FRA[Försvarets Radioanstalt], okuyi-ejensi enkulu yezinhloli e-Sweden, ibamba amaphesenti angu-80 ethrafikhi ye-inthanethi yaseRussia futhi iyithengisela ejensi yezokuphepha kazwelonke e-US. Futhi yonke indawo enkulu yokushintshana yedatha yezokuxhumana inokusetha okufanayo. Ngokwezinga elithile akukusha; isibonelo, konke ukugcwala kocingo lwe-microwave phakathi kwe-England ne-Ireland kwabanjwa ngesikhathi Sezinkinga nge-IRA. Ekugcineni, ama-microwave ayeka ukusetshenziswa, ngoba izintambo zangaphansi kolwandle zazingcono, ngakho-ke uhlobo oluhlukile lobuchwepheshe bokugada cishe selusetshenziswe. Asinabo ubufakazi balokho okwamanje, kodwa sinobufakazi kwezinye izizinda eziningi zalokhu kuhlasela kwenqwaba okwenzekayo.
Yini esingayenza ngakho?
Impendulo ithi: kuncane kakhulu. Empeleni kuncane kakhulu umuntu angakwenza ukuze azivikele ekugadweni ngobuningi manje. Sithatha ingaphakathi lempilo yethu yomuntu siqu futhi siyifaka ku-inthanethi - ezingxoxweni zethu 'zesikhathi sangempela' sodwa, kuma-imeyili ethu sodwa, kumaphrofayela we-Facebook - sidonsa yonke inethiwekhi yethu yobungane nomndeni kanye nebhizinisi. amanethiwekhi futhi senza lonke lolo lwazi lutholakale ukuze lubanjwe yilabo abalawula noma iyiphi yalezo zinkampani noma izindawo zemingcele okugeleza kuzo ithrafikhi yezokuxhumana.
Kunobuchwepheshe obuthile be-cryptographic umuntu angabusebenzisa ukuze azame ukungaziwa noma ubumfihlo, kodwa bunzima kakhulu futhi ngaphandle uma ungumuntu wezobuchwepheshe ungakwazi ukulahla ithemba.
Okuwukuphela kwabantu abanesisusa sokufaka isofthiwe yokungaziwa njenge-Tor kungenzeka ukuthi abantu abasebenzela izikhungo zezobunhloli ngokwabo, noma labo abasebenzela izinhlangano ezifana ne-Wikileaks. Bonke abanye abantu kufanele ngabe bayakwenza, kodwa umthwalo - umthwalo wemfanelo, umthwalo wesikhathi - wokuwenza mkhulu kangangokuthi ngeke wenziwe.
Ngakho, ingabe sonke silahliwe? Cha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinalokhu kuthuthukiswa okumangalisayo kubuchwepheshe bokuqapha beminyaka eyi-10 edlule, kanye nezindleko ezinciphayo zokuthunyelwa. Kunamanye amaqembu, ama-crypto-anarchists, athuthukisa izinhlelo zokubethela ezokuxhumana kanye nokwenza ukuxhumana kungaziwa. I-Wikileaks iyingxenye yalowo mphakathi wabantu abazame ukuvikela abantu ngabanye namaqembu amancane ekugadweni kombuso - hhayi nje yi-US kodwa emazweni amaningi.
I-Wikileaks ingeyokuqala ngokobuchwepheshe bedijithali obubukela phansi ukulawulwa kombuso. Kunganjani okunye ukuqanjwa kabusha kwedijithali kubuyise amandla kwabambalwa futhi kubuyisele kwabaningi?
Konke kumayelana nephrojekthi ye-crypto-anarchist. Ngeke ngizichaze njenge-anarchist, kodwa singakhulula umuntu emandleni aphoqelelayo ombuso sisebenzisa i-cryptography, sisebenzisa izibalo. Futhi kukhona imfundo – futhi angiqondile imfundo ehlelekile, ngiqonde ukuthi sonke siyafundisana. Sinqabela ukwenziwa kwemvume ngokuzulazula emithonjeni yezindaba evamile. Uma omunye wethu ebona okuthile endaweni ethile emhlabeni, noma omunye wethu enolwazi, angakukhuluma lokho kubantu bamazwe ngamazwe. Futhi lokho akukaze kwenzeke. Kusukela lapho umshini wokunyathelisa wakwaGutenberg ube khona amandla anjalo emfundo. Futhi lapho siqonda umhlaba okufanele sibhekane nawo, siyakwazi ukubhekana nezwe - umhlaba okhonkolo, ongokoqobo obonakalayo, lapho izinhlelo zezombusazwe zihlezi khona. Ngakho-ke lokhu ngibona njengokugxumela okukhulu kwenkululeko. Noma ukuxhumana okuningi kugadiwe, kwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu, ezimeni eziningi ngokushesha kangangokuthi noma izifunda zingabona ukuxhumana kwethu ku-inthanethi, azikwazi ukukumisa ngempela. Ngesikhathi bebona ukuthi ukusakazeka okuthile kolwazi sekukhiqize isenzo esithile, ukubonakaliswa, inkolelo yokuba semthethweni noma ukungabi semthethweni kwamaqembu noma izinhlangano ezithile, kusuke sekwephuze kakhulu ukumisa isenzo esenzeka ngalokho kuqonda.
Uma sibheka lapho iziphithiphithi eziningi zenzeka khona, zenzeka ezigcawini, kuthi lapho abantu behlangene baba isikwele basuke sebeyimithombo yabo, babonisane ngamehlo abo ukuthi banazo izinombolo futhi abanye abantu bayavumelana. nabo, ukuthi basebuningini. Futhi ekugcineni sinekhono lokwenza lokhu ngaphandle kwesikwele. Singabona isimo sokuvumelana esisekelwe phezu kwamaqiniso ngomhlaba, ngenxa yabantu ngabanye namaqembu ukuxhumana ku-inthanethi.
Yonke i-NGO encane, wonke amaqembu amancane ashisekayo futhi wonke umuntu uyakwazi ukuveza umbono wakhe ngezwe, ukuqonda kwawo umhlaba - kanye nesikhundla sawo sezepolitiki maqondana namanye amaqembu. Uma sibuyela emuva eminyakeni engu-20 nje, kwakunzima kakhulu ukuba abantu bakwenze.
Manje abantu abasha baphila esikhathini lapho bengashintshana khona ngemibono ngesivinini esikhulu. Imiphi imiphumela obona lokhu kuba nayo?
Ithuba lokuphikisana manje selivulekele wonke umuntu okwazi ukuxhumana nge-inthanethi. Akuwona wonke umuntu, kodwa inani elikhulu labantu. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, abantu manje sebenamandla athile. Abantu abangenawo amandla nhlobo abakwazi ukwenza lutho kwezombusazwe, abakwazi ukuba nomphumela.
Singabheka i-House of Commons, noma uKhongolose, futhi sibheke izimpikiswano ezenzeka lapho, bese sithi: 'Leso isihlalo senkulumo-mpikiswano yezombangazwe.' Kepha manje, isihlalo senkulumompikiswano yezepolitiki siku-inthanethi.
Ngikhumbula ngibona lesi simo eminyakeni emithathu noma emine edlule lapho ngibona ingxoxo yezobuchwepheshe ngokuphelele ku-inthanethi ngokuzumayo iphendukela endabeni yezombangazwe. Kwaphulwa isiphiwo ngaleso sikhathi: inkolelo yokuthi izingxoxo zobuchwepheshe azikwazanga ukungena kwezombusazwe nokuthi indawo efanele yezingxoxo zezombusazwe yayingekho ku-inthanethi, kodwa emaphephandabeni avamile. Kwaba kanye kuphela kokuthi okuthile kuvele emaphephandabeni avamile lapho kwaba nokubaluleka kwezombusazwe ngempela.
Kodwa leyo mithetho eyisisekelo yaphulwa futhi labo bantu bezobuchwepheshe baqala ukulahlekelwa ukunganaki kwabo kwezombusazwe. Ngikholwa wukuthi abantu abanandaba ngoba bengenamandla, abanawo amandla ngoba bengenandaba. Ngakho le ndlela entsha yokuxhumana empeleni yayibanika amandla, base beqala ukucabangela izindaba zezombangazwe.
Bayafundiswa, ngenxa ye-inthanethi, mayelana nendlela umhlaba osebenza ngayo ngempela mayelana nokugeleza komnotho kanye nokugeleza kwezombusazwe nobuzenzisi, futhi banikezwa amandla okuveza imibono yabo kubabukeli okungenzeka babe baningi kakhulu, izigidigidi. kwabantu.
Abantu abangaphandle kwabemithombo yezindaba nezombusazwe abakaze babe nalokhu, kodwa manje sonke sesinakho, futhi lokho kuwukuqonda okunika amandla.
Ngakho-ke abantu balahlekelwa ukunganaki kwabo kwezombusazwe, hhayi nje ngoba befundiswa futhi beqiniswa yizibonelo ezifana nempi ye-Wikileaks ne-Pentagon noma i-Arab Spring, kodwa ngoba empeleni banamandla ababengenawo ngaphambili. Futhi sebeqala ukukuqonda lokho.
Ingabe i-Wikileaks ihlose uhlobo oluthile lwebhalansi yomhlaba wonke yamazwe akhulula izimfihlo zawo? Noma ingabe ikhona inqubomgomo yokugxila kwamanye amazwe kanye nezifunda ikakhulukazi?
I-Wikileaks iqhutshwa ngumthombo ngokuphelele - imithombo iza kithi nezinto zayo, futhi siyayishicilela. Futhi sithembisa ukushicilela yonke into esinikezwe yona, inqobo nje uma ihlangabezana nemibandela yethu yokuhlela: ukuthi indaba ibaluleke kakhulu kwezokusebenzela, ezombusazwe, ezenzweni ezinhle noma ezingokomlando, akukaze kushicilelwe ngaphambili, futhi kukhona uhlobo oluthile lwamandla oluvimbela ukushicilelwa kwayo: usongo oluphathekayo noma olungokomthetho, noma ihlolwe kamuva nje - kungenzeka ukuthi ishicilelwe kodwa yase ingashicilelwa.
Inqobo nje uma ihlangabezana nalezi zidingo, sizoyishicilela ngokuqinisekile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ivela kuliphi izwe. Uma sisesimweni lapho sineziphakamiso eziningi futhi sinamandla alinganiselwe, esikwenzayo, khona-ke kufanele senze isinqumo sokwahlulela mayelana nokuthi yini okudingeka ishicilelwe kuqala. Leso sinqumo sokwahlulela sisekelwe kulokho okuzoba nomthelela omkhulu ebulungiswa.
Ubulungisa umqondo oyisisekelo wobulungisa; abantu banalezi zimo. Kuyahluka kancane kusuka kumasiko kuya kwamasiko, kodwa sonke ngokuyisisekelo sinokuqonda okufanayo ukuthi uma othile ehlukunyezwa ngokomzimba futhi engenzanga lutho, lokho akulungile. Sonke sinalo muzwa wemvelo wobulungiswa. I-Wikileaks iyinhlangano yokuletha ubulungiswa, futhi indlela ethile ebesiyisebenzisa isebenza kahle – sibheka ulwazi obelufihlelwe umphakathi.
Manje-ke, asizona iziwula; ngezinye izikhathi kunezizathu ezizwakalayo zokugodla ulwazi emphakathini. Isibonelo, ngophenyo lwe-Mafia, kusobala ukuthi yini esemthethweni emaphoyiseni ngokwawo ahlanganyela ezinyathelweni zokuvikela ukugcina ulwazi hhayi nje oluvela emphakathini, kodwa oluvela ku-Mafia. Ngokufanayo, i-Wikileaks ihileleke kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinyathelo zokuvikela ukugcina ubunikazi bemithombo yethu buyimfihlo. Ingxenye yomsebenzi wenhlangano ifakwa ekuvikeleni imithombo yethu kanye nekhono lethu lokushicilela lapho sibhekene nezinsongo.
Kodwa lokhu akufani nokusho ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi ngezinye izikhathi kunezizathu ezizwakalayo zokufihla ulwazi, wonke umuntu emhlabeni unesibopho sokwenza lokho. Ngokwesibonelo, thatha impi yethu noMnyango Wezwe [waseMelika]. Kwezinye izimo, uMnyango Wezwe unendima noma isibopho sokugcina ulwazi oluqoqile luyimfihlo. Indima yethu, njengomshicileli ohamba phambili ophishekela inkululeko yokukhuluma kanye nokufundisa abantu kanye nokwembula ukungabi nabulungisa, ukuthola ulwazi olunjalo nokulushicilela.
Lezi izindima ezihlukene, futhi njengoba kungalungile ngathi ukuthi sisebenzisa amandla okuphoqelela eMnyangweni WezoMbuso, isibonelo sisebenzisa ugandaganda ukuze sibhodloze isakhiwo sabo futhi sithathe amaphasela abo ayimfihlo olwazi (yize kufanele ngisho ukuthi lokho kuzwakala kukhanga kakhulu! ) ngakho-ke akuyona indima efanele yoMnyango Wezwe LaseMelika ukuhamba emhlabeni wonke usongela amandla aphoqelelayo ku-Wikileaks, abantu bayo, abasekeli bayo, noma amabhange. Kukhona ukuvinjwa kwezomnotho ngokumelene ne-Wikileaks - ukuvinjelwa komnotho ngaphandle kokwahlulela. Kwakungekho nqubo yokuphatha, kungekho nqubo yezomthetho. Ukuphela kwenqubo yokuphatha yileyo eyenziwa nguNobhala Womgcinimafa wase-US ekuqaleni kuka-2011, futhi bathola ukuthi sasingekho isizathu esingokomthetho sokuthi kungani kufanele sibe ngaphansi kokuvinjelwa komnotho, kodwa nokho kuyaqhubeka.
Umuntu angeke avele athi ngenxa yokuthi kwesinye isikhathi kuba nezizathu ezizwakalayo zokuthi kumele kufihlwe ulwazi, kuphoqeleke ukuthi wonke umuntu avale umlomo ngalo emgqonyeni wesibhamu.
Kwaba njani lapho wena, esikhundleni sezambulo ze-Wikileaks, uba 'indaba yabezindaba'?
Isenzakalo esithakazelisayo kakhulu. Besiyidlala ngezindlela ezahlukene njengoba isikhathi sihamba. Ekuqaleni, ukuze sivikeleke thina, ngazenza nje ilungu lebhodi labaluleki, ngakho-ke isakhiwo sangaphakathi se-Wikileaks sasingabonakali. Kodwa njengoba i-Wikileaks ikhula ethonyeni nasekudumeni, imakethe yenzelwe ulwazi mayelana nenhlangano emakethe yezindaba evamile.
Ukuthi mina ngingumsunguli wale nhlangano kuvele kwaphuma ngenxa yabantu abehlukene abathintwa abezindaba abajwayelekile; abangani bami ngebhadi banginika udumo, okuyinto engangingafuni bayenze. Kungcono babethi: 'Angazi ukuthi ubani umsunguli.'
Ngakho-ke, ngo-2009, ukuhlasela kwe-ad hominem kwaqala. Bekudingeka ukuzivikela kubo, futhi indlela ovikela ngayo ekuhlaselweni kwe-ad hominem okwenzeka endaweni engenalutho yolwazi iwukunikeza ulwazi olwengeziwe. Uma othile ehlasela ubuntu bakho, kufanele uveze izinhlangothi ezinhle zobuntu bakho; uma othile ehlasela ezezimali zakho, kufanele uveze ezinye zezezimali zakho, nokunye.
Kwathi ngo-2010, ngangicashile, ngihamba emhlabeni ngazi ukuthi uphiko lwezobunhloli lwase-US lwayazi ukuthi nginezintambo zobunxusa zase-US ezingu-260,000 ephaketheni lami elingemuva. Inhlangano yethu ibisesimweni 'sokushicilela noma ukushabalala', ngoba ukuvuza kwethu okukhulu kwango-2010 bekungakashicilelwa. Leyo kwakuyinselele yethu enkulu: ukushicilela imininingwane yethu, bese sisinda ekushicilelweni. Futhi ukuze inhlangano isinde, kwakufanele kube khona umfana owelayo, futhi owawayo wayedinga ukuvikelwa. Ngakho-ke umfana wokuwa kwakuyimi.
Bengingumuntu obonakala kunabo bonke kakade, ngakho ngangizoba umuntu okwafika umlilo wezombangazwe. Futhi ngenxa yalokho, kwakudingeka ngibonakale nakakhulu esidlangalaleni, ukuze kuthi uma ngivalelwe, uma nginyamalala kungazelelwe, abantu bazongikhumbula. Sisebenzele ukuphakamisa iphrofayela yami ukuze ngithole isivikelo esingasinikeza ukubonakala komphakathi.
Abafana bethu bezobuchwepheshe babengenakho nhlobo lokho kuvikeleka, futhi babesesimweni esiyingozi kakhulu - babengenakho ukuvikeleka kokuba nephrofayela yomphakathi. Ngakho-ke sabagcina ngokuyimfihlo ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokuxhumana eziyimfihlo futhi sasicophelela kakhulu ukuze siqiniseke ukuthi ubunikazi babo abuphumi, ukuze bangakwazi 'ukunyamalala' buthule.
Ngakho-ke sibe nakho konke ukuhlaselwa kwe-ad hominem ngoba nginephrofayela yomphakathi, kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, iphrofayili yomphakathi ingivimbele, kuze kube manje, ukuthi ngithunyelwe e-US. Sizobona ukuthi kwenzekani emasontweni ambalwa ezayo, kodwa kuze kube manje, kungivikele. Ngiqonde ukuthi bekunezingcingo zokuthi ngibulawe angikaze ngibulawe, angithunjwanga, angizange ngibuyiselwe e-United States, nakuba kunezinyathelo eziqhubekayo zokuzama ukwenza lokho.
Mayelana nokunaka kwabezindaba ngosizi lwami siqu, sinezibalo ezithile ezithakazelisa kakhulu: kunamakhasi ewebhu ayizigidi ezingama-39, ngokusho kwe-Google, asho igama elithi Julian Assange. Kunamakhulu ezigidi ezikhuluma ngegama elithi Wikileaks. Ngaphakathi kwe-United Kingdom, kukhona isilinganiso esiyisihlanu kuya kwelilodwa samakhasi ewebhu ku-Wikileaks vs Julian Assange. Ku-Associated Press, isilinganiso simane kuya kokukodwa. Ngakho-ke i-AP yenziwe ngezifiso kakhulu kunamakhasi ewebhu e-UK - igxila kancane kumuntu siqu. OkweNew York Times, kungu-2.5 ukuya kweyodwa evuna i-Wikileaks. Kodwa ku-Guardian, esibe nengxabano yezomthetho eqhubekayo, eqhubekayo kusukela ngoNovemba 2010 ngenxa yokwephula kwawo wonke amaphuzu amathathu enkontileka yethu ye-Cablegate, isilinganiso siphakathi kwamathathu kuya kwamabili avuna mina.
Ngenxa yokuthi sinokungqubuzana okungokomthetho, okungokokuziphatha, nabo, Umnakekeli uthathe isinqumo sokungena ebuntwini ngendlela i-Associated Press engayenzanga ngayo. Futhi lokhu kwenzeka naphezu kokuthi i-Guardian yayingumlingani we-Cablegate futhi yanikezwa yonke impahla ye-Cablegate. Lokho kusho okuthile mayelana nabezindaba ezijwayelekile kanye nesimo sezulu sabezindaba eLondon.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
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