Umthombo: ScheerPost
Emashumini eminyaka adlule, i-United States iye yasuka ohlotsheni oluthile lobunxiwankulu yaya esimweni se-neo-feudal esidale igebe elikhula njalo emcebo namandla. Encwadini yakhe edayisa kakhulu ngo-2013 Inhlokodolobha ku-21st Century, isazi sezomnotho esingumFulentshi uThomas Piketty samemezela ukuthi โizinga lokungalingani e-US cishe liphakeme kunanoma yimuphi omunye umphakathi nganoma isiphi isikhathi esikhathini esidlule noma kuphi emhlabeni.โ Ku-podcast ka-2014 mayelana nencwadi, UBill Moyers ubeke amazwana:
Nansi eminye yemibono yayo engavamile: Manje sonke sesiphokophele ekusaseni elibuswa ingcebo ezuzwe njengefa, njengoba imali eyinhloko igxile ezandleni ezimbalwa nezimbalwa, inika abacebe kakhulu amandla amakhulu kwezombusazwe, uhulumeni kanye nomphakathi. I-Patrimonial capitalism yigama layo, futhi linemiphumela esabekayo embusweni wentando yeningi.
UPaul Krugman wagcizelela ku-podcast efanayo yokuthi i-United States isiba i-oligarchy, umphakathi womcebo ozuzwe njengefa, โyona kanye isimiso abasunguli bethu abasihlubukayo.โ Yize izinto ziba zimbi kakhulu kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ngenxa yesimo esibucayi somnotho sango-2020, kufanelekile ukulandelela umlando osilethe kulesi sikhathi esishubile.
Hhayi Umbono Wabasunguli Bethu
Uhlobo lwe-capitalism i-United States eyayakhelwe phezu kwalo ekuqaleni luye lwabizwa umama-no-pop capitalism. Imindeni yayiphethe amapulazi ayo kanye nezitolo ezincane futhi yayiqhudelana endaweni yokudlala esezingeni eliphezulu noma engaphansi. Kwakuwuhlobo lwe-capitalism olwagqashula kumodeli ye-feudalistic futhi lwabonisa izindinganiso eziyisisekelo ezibekwe kuSimemezelo Sokuzimela kanye Nomqulu Wamalungelo: ukuthi bonke abantu badalwa balingana futhi banikezwe uMdali wabo amalungelo athile angenakugwenywa, kuhlanganise namalungelo. ekukhulumeni ngokukhululekile, ukucindezela okukhululekile, ukukhulekela nokuhlangana; kanye nelungelo lokungaphucwa ukuphila, inkululeko noma impahla ngaphandle kwenqubo efanele.
Kwakukuhle ngombono, kodwa kwakukhona okuhlukile, okunonya kulesi sifanekiso esihlotshiswe kahle, okuhlanganisa nokuthathwa kwezindawo zabantu bomdabu kanye nobugqila obabudlangile ngaleso sikhathi. Izigqila zakhululwa yiMpi Yombango Yase-US; kodwa ngenkathi bekhululiwe ngobuntu babo, babengakhululekile ngokwezomnotho. Basala bebambeke ezenzweni zezomnotho. Nakuba imiphakathi yabaNsundu kanye neyoMdabu iye yacindezelwa ngendlela engafanele, abantu abampofu bonke babevaleleke โobugqila bokuzenzelaโ uhlobo oluthile - isibopho sokusebenza ukuze kukhokhelwe izikweletu, isb. izikweletu zabasebenzi base-Ireland ukuze bakhokhele ukuya e-United States, kanye nezikweletu "sharecroppersโ (izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu kubo kwakungabamhlophe), okwakudingeka baboleke kubanikazi bezindlu ngenzalo yomhlaba kanye nezinto zokusebenza. Uhlelo lwanamuhla lwamajele ase-U.S. luphinde lwabizwa ngokuthi uhlobo lobugqila, lapho umsebenzi wamahhala noma oshibhile ukhishwa kubantu abampofu bebala.
Kubakweletwayo, ukuthunjwa ngokwezomnotho empeleni kwakunezinzuzo ezithile ngaphezu kobugqila โbe-chattelโ (ubunikazi babantu njengelungelo lendawo). Ngokombhalo ongadumile obizwa ngokuthi i-Hazard Crcular, esakazwa izintshisekelo zamabhange aseBrithani phakathi kozakwabo bamabhange aseMelika phakathi neMpi Yombango YaseMelika:
Ubugqila kungenzeka buqedwe ngamandla empi kanye nokugqilazwa kwezingxoxo. Lokhu, mina nabangane bami baseYurophu siyajabula ambaoruba ubugqila ungumnikazi wezisebenzi futhi uhambisana nokunakekela izisebenzi, kuyilapho uhlelo lwase-Europe, oluholwa yi-England, luwukuthi imali izolawula abasebenzi ngokulawula amaholo.
Izigqila kwakudingeka zihlaliswe, zondliwe futhi zinakekelwe. Amadoda โakhululekileโ ayezidlisa futhi aziphakele. Amadoda akhululekile ayengagcinwa egqilazwe yizikweletu ngokuwakhokhela amaholo ayenganele ukubhekana nezindleko zawo zokuphila.
Kusukela ku-'Industrial Capitalism' kuya 'ku-Finance Capitalism'
Umnotho wabhidlika ngesikhathi soKuwohloka Okukhulu Kwezomnotho, lapho uhulumeni kaFranklin D. Roosevelt ewuvuselela futhi akha kabusha izwe ngesikhungo sezimali sikahulumeni esibizwa ngokuthi i-Reconstruction Finance Corporation. Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, isigaba esiphakathi sase-US sachuma. Amabhizinisi amancane aqhudelana endaweni yokudlala efana ne-mom-and-pop capitalism yamavulandlela okuqala. MNgaleso sikhathi, izinkampani ezinkulu zazizibandakanya โkonxiwankulu bezimboni,โ lapho umgomo wawuwukukhiqiza izimpahla nezinsiza zangempela.
Kodwa isigaba esimaphakathi, esithathwa njengomgogodla womnotho, siye saguguleka kancane kancane kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1970. I-punch eyodwa-mbili ye-Great Recession nokuthi yini i-IMF ishaye ucingo "I-Great Lockdown" iphinde yehlisa iningi labantu ekugqilazweni; kuyilapho ubungxiwankulu bezimboni buye basuswa kakhulu โbunxiwankulu bezezimali,โ lapho imali yenza imali kulabo abanayo, โekulaleni kwabo.โ Njengosomnotho UMichael Hudson uyachaza, imali engenayo, hhayi ukukhiqiza, kuwumgomo. Izinkampani zithatha imali ebolekiwe eshibhile engu-1%, hhayi ukutshala emishinini nasekukhiqizeni, kodwa ukuze zithenge isitoko sazo zithole u-8% noma u-9%; noma ukuthenga izinkampani ezincane, ukuqeda ukuncintisana nokudala amamonopoli. OwayenguNgqongqoshe Wezezimali waseGreece U-Yanis Varoufakis uyachaza leyo โmaliโ inqanyuliwe ekukhiqizeni: amabhizinisi angenza imali ngaphandle kokwenza inzuzo ngemikhiqizo yawo. Njengoba uKevin Cahill echaza usizi lwabantu namuhla encwadini enesihloko esithi Ubani Umnikazi Womhlaba?:
Laba bofaro bezinsuku zokugcina, abanikazi beplanethi, abacebe kakhulu abangu-5% - bavumela abanye bethu ukuthi bakhokhe usuku nosuku ilungelo lokuphila emhlabeni wabo. Futhi njengoba sibenza bacebe, bazithengela okwengeziwe ngomhlaba, futhi basebenzise ingcebo namandla abo ukulwa bodwa ngalokho umuntu ngamunye anakho - nakuba empeleni yithi okufanele silwe futhi sifele ezimpini zabo.
I-2020 Knockout Punch
Ukushaya kokugcina kwabaphakathi kwaba ngo-2020. U-Nick Hudson, umsunguli wefemu yokuhlaziya idatha ebizwa ngokuthi i-PANDA (Izifo Eziwumshayabhuqe, Idatha Nokuhlaziya), baphikisana kwinhlolokhono kulandela inkulumo yakhe eyisihluthulelo engqungqutheleni yokutshala izimali ngoMashi 2021:
Ama-Lockdowns yisu elihlehla kakhulu elake lasungulwa. Abacebile sebecebe kakhulu. Izigidigidi zamaRandi ingcebo idluliselwe kubantu abacebile. โฆ Alikho izwe elilodwa elahlaziya izindleko/izinzuzo ngaphambi kokubeka lezi zinyathelo.
Abenzi bezinqubomgomo balandele izincomo zeWorld Health Organisation ngokususelwa ekufanisweni okubikezelwe yi-Imperial College London okwathi ngemuva kwalokho kwabonakala ukuthi ngokungaqondile. Ucwaningo lwakamuva seluke lwenziwa, okungenani ezinye zazo eziphethe ngokuthi ukukhiya sekukhona ayikho imiphumela ebalulekile ezinambeni zamacala kanye nokuthi izindleko zokuvala izivalo kakhulu kunezinzuzo, ngokwemibandela hhayi nje yezindleko zezomnotho kodwa ngezimpilo.
Ngasohlangothini lwezomnotho, ukuvalwa kwe-lockdown emhlabeni wonke kuqede ukuncintisana emabhizinisini amancane naphakathi nendawo, okuvumela ama-monopolies nama-oligopolies ukuthi akhule. โOhlulwa kakhulu kukho konke lokhu yisigaba esiphakathi,โ kubhala U-Logan Kane ekufuneni i-Alpha. NgoMeyi 2020, cishe oyedwa kwabane baseMelika wayesefake isicelo sokungasebenzi, nge abantu baseMelika abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-40 ukufaka izicelo zokungasebenzi; futhi Amabhizinisi angu-200,000 avaliwe ngo-2020 kunesilinganiso somlando sonyaka. Ngaleso sikhathi, osozigidigidi baseMelika bebonke kwenyusa inani labo eliphelele ngama- $ 1.1 trillion ezinyangeni eziyi-10 zokugcina zika-2020; futhi Abantu abangama-46 bajoyine isigaba sosozigidi.
Inani โlabama-centi-billionairesโ - abantu abanemali elinganiselwa ku-$100 billion noma ngaphezulu - nalo likhule. E-US bahlanganisa:
- UJeff Bezos, owayezoba yi-CEO ye-Amazon maduze, inzuzo yakhe inyuke isuka ku- $113 billion ngoMashi 2020 yaya ku- $182 billion ngoMashi 2021, inyuke ngo-$70 billion ngonyaka;
- U-Elon Musk, oyi-CEO ye-Tesla kanye ne-SpaceX, inzuzo yakhe inyuke isuka ku- $25 billion ngoMashi 2020 yaya ku- $164 billion ngoMashi 2021, ikhuphuke ngama- $139 billion ngonyaka; futhi
- UBill Gates, owake waba yi-CEO ye-Microsoft futhi njengamanje uthathwa njenge โumgomo womhlaba wonke czar, "inani layo lenyuke lafinyelela ku- $ 124 billion ngoMashi 2021, inyuke ngo-$26 billion unyaka.
Abanye ababili bacishe bangama-centi-billionaires:
- Inani eliphelele likaMark Zuckerberg, i-CEO ye-Facebook, likhule lisuka ku- $ 55 billion ngoMashi 2020 laya ku- $ 95 billion ngoMashi 2021, likhuphuke ngamadola.40 billion ngonyaka; futhi
- Inani eliphelele likaWarren Buffett waseBerkshire Hathaway likhule lisuka ku-$68 billion ngoMashi 2020 laya ku-$95 billion ngoMashi 2021, inyuke ngo-$27.6 billion unyaka.
Laba bantu abahlanu bebonke banezelwe $ 300 billion ngenani labo eliphelele ngo-2020. Ngombono, lokho kwanele ukudala izigidigidi ezingu-300,000, noma ukunikeza u-$100,000 kubantu abayizigidi ezingu-3.
I-Philanthropicism
Isidingo sokuvikela isigaba sosozigidigidi ezintela kanye nokushintsha isithombe saso sebhizinisi esiyingozi sesivuse olunye uhlobo lonxiwankulu, olubizwa ngokuthi. i-philanthropicism. Umcebo udluliselwa kumafawundeshini noma ezinhlanganweni zezikweletu ezinomkhawulo ezikhethwe njengezinezinjongo zokupha kodwa ezihlala ngaphansi kobunikazi nokulawulwa abanikeli, abangatshala izimali ngezindlela ezifeza izintshisekelo zabo zebhizinisi. Njengoba kuphawuliwe ku The Reporter Magazine we-Rochester Institute of Technology:
Empeleni, esikubonayo wukudluliselwa komthwalo wemfanelo wezimpahla nezinsizakalo zomphakathi usuka ezikhungweni zentando yeningi uyiswe kwabacebile, ukuze uphathwe yisigaba esiphezulu. Emphakathini we-CEO, ukusetshenziswa kwezibopho zomphakathi akusaphikiswana ngakho mayelana nokuthi izinkampani kufanele noma akufanele zibe nesibopho sokungaphezu kwezintshisekelo zazo zebhizinisi. Kunalokho, kumayelana nendlela ukuphana kungasetshenziswa ngayo ukuze kuqiniswe uhlelo lwezombangazwe nomnotho oluvumela inani elincane kangaka labantu ukuthi liqongelele amanani angcolile omcebo.
Ngo-$100 wezigidigidi, cishe noma yini engathengwa - hhayi nje umhlaba nezinsiza kodwa abezindaba nezintatheli, ithonya lezombangazwe kanye nemithetho, abalawuli, iminyango yocwaningo lwamanyuvesi kanye namalabhorethri. UJeff Bezos manje ungumnikazi The Washington Post. UBill Gates akagcini nje umxhasi omkhulu we-World Health Organization kanye ne-Imperial College London kodwa umnikazi omkhulu womhlaba wezolimo e-US. Futhi umkhiqizi we-aerospace ka-Elon Musk i-SpaceX uye ngempumelelo yangasese isibhakabhaka. Izazi zezinkanyezi kanye nababuka izinkanyezi bakhala ngokuthi izinkulungwane zamasathelayithi esiwakhiphile, namanye amaningi asemisebenzini, avimbela ikhono lazo lokubona izinkanyezi.Uprofesa wesayensi yezinkanyezi uSamantha Lawler ubhala engxenyeni ethi The ingxoxo:
I-SpaceX isivele ikutholile ukugunyazwa kwamasathelayithi e-Starlink angu-12,000 kanye ifuna imvume yezinye ezingu-30,000. Ezinye izinkampani azisemuva kakhulu [โฆ] Iphuzu le-Starlink mega-constellation ukuhlinzeka ngokufinyelela ku-inthanethi emhlabeni wonke. Kuvamise ukushiwo abalandeli be-Starlink ukuthi lokhu kuzohlinzeka ngokufinyelela kwe-inthanethi ezindaweni ezisembulungeni ezingasetshenziswa obunye ubuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana njengamanje. Kodwa okwamanje iyatholakala Imininingwane ikhombisa izindleko zokufinyelela zizoba phezulu kakhulu in cishe yonke indawo edinga ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi. Ngakho-ke, i-Starlink cishe izohlinzeka kuphela nge ukushintshana kubahlali bamazwe acebile asebevele benezinye izindlela zokufinyelela i-inthanethi [โฆ] Njengoba amashumi ezinkulungwane zamasathelayithi amasha agunyazwe ukwethulwa, futhi kungekho mithetho mayelana nokuminyana kwe-orbit, ilungelo lendlela noma ukuhlanzwa kwendawo, isiteji simiselwe inhlekelele engenzeka. I-Kessler Syndrome, a i-runaway cascade wemfucumfucu okungenzeka bhubhisa amasathelayithi amaningi ku-orbit kanye vimbela ukwethulwa amashumi eminyakaโฆ. Izinkampani ezinkulu ezifana ne-SpaceX ne-Amazon zizophendula kuphela emthethweni - ohamba kancane, ikakhulukazi emithethweni yamazwe ngamazwe - kanye nengcindezi yabathengi [...] Izinhlobo zethu bezilokhu zibuka izinkanyezi izinkulungwane zeminyaka, ingabe sifuna ngempela ukulahlekelwa ukufinyelela manje ukuze senze inzuzo izinkampani ezinkulu ezimbalwa?
Amaqembu amelela umphakathi, njengeCellular Phone Task Force, nawo anawo waphikiswa ngenxa yezinkinga zempilo ngaphezu kokwanda kwemisebe ye-electromagnetic. Kodwa abantu abanalo izwi elincane ngenqubomgomo yomphakathi kulezi zinsuku. Kwaphetha kanjalo ucwaningo olwafinyezwa ngoJanuwari 2021 isihloko ku Izindaba Zangaphandle. Uprofesa wasePrinceton kanye nombhali-mbhali wesifundo uMartin Gilens wabhala:
[O]Izakhamuzi ezivamile azinawo umthelela kulokho okwenziwa uhulumeni wazo e-United States. โฆ Ukwenziwa kwenqubomgomo kukahulumeni emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule kukhombisa okuthandwayo โฆ kwabakhethekile kwezomnotho kanye nezithakazelo ezihleliwe.
I-Varoufakis ibiza uhlelo lwethu lwezomnotho lwamanje ngokuthi โpostcapitalismโ kanye โne-techno-feudalism.โ Njengakwimodeli ye-medieval feudal, amafa aphethwe abambalwa. Uphawula ukuthi imakethe yamasheya kanye namabhizinisi akuyo empeleni aphethwe yizinkampani ezintathu - izimali ezinkulu ezihweba ngokuhwebelana iBlackRock, Vanguard, kanye neState Street. Ngaphansi kwenkulumompikiswano ethi โGreat Resetโ ecatshangwe yiWorld Economic Forum, โngeke ube nalutho futhi ujabule.โ Ngokufakazela, yonke into izobe ingeyamakhosi e-techno-feudal.
Ukubuyela Kumkhondo
Imodeli yonxiwankulu iphume ngokusobala. Indlela yokuyibuyisela endleleni? Inketho eyodwa esobala ukukhokhisa intela ecebile nge-uber. NjengoChuck Collins, umbhali we I-Wealth Hoarders: Indlela Amabhiliyoni Akhokha Ngayo Izigidi Ukufihla Ama-Trillion (2021), ubhala esihlokweni sangoMashi 2021:
Intela yengcebo ingahlehlisa ukuncishiswa kwentela okwedlula ingxenye yekhulu leminyaka emikhayeni ecebe kakhulu. Izigidigidi zizibonile izintela zazo zishintshiwe zaba ngu-+79%. njengephesenti lomcebo wabo kusukela ngo-1980. โIzinga eliphumelelayoโ esigabeni sosozigidigidiโiphesenti langempela elikhokhiweโibingu-23% ngo-2018, ephansi kuneningi labakhokhi bentela abahola imali ephakathi.
Uphawula ukuthi iNgqonyela u-Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.) kanye nababhali abakanye naye muva nje wethulwa umthetho wokukhokhisa intela yonyaka engamaphesenti ama-2 engcebweni eqala ku-$50 wezigidi, ikhuphuke ifike kumaphesenti ama-3 ingcebo engaphezu kwebhiliyoni elilodwa:
Le ntela, ezosebenza kubahlali base-US abangaphansi kuka-100,000, izonyusa imali elinganiselwa ku-$3 trillion kule minyaka eyishumi ezayo. Izokhokhwa ngokuphelele ngosozigidi abaningi nosozigidi abanakho wavuna ingxenye yengonyama yenzuzo yengcebo kule minyaka engamashumi amane edlule, okuhlanganisa phakathi nobhubhane.
UVaroufakis uphikisana nokho, ukuthi ingcebo yokukhokhisa intela ngeke yanele. Imodeli yenkampani ngokwayo idinga ukulungiswa kabusha. Ukwakha i-capitalism โyobuntu,โ uthi, intando yeningi idinga ukulethwa emakethe.
Ngokwepolitiki, umuntu omdala oyedwa uthola ivoti elilodwa. Kodwa okhethweni lwezinkampani, amavoti akalwa ngokuya ngokutshalwa kwezimali kwezimali: abatshalizimali abakhulu banenani elikhulu lamasheya okuvota. U-Varoufakis uthi umgomo ofanelekile wokulungisa kabusha ubunikazi bezinkampani zomphakathi osemakethe kungaba isisebenzi esisodwa, isabelo esisodwa (esingadayiseki), ivoti elilodwa. Ngaleso sisekelo, uthi, singacabanga njengenye indlela yemodeli yethu yangemva konxiwankulu umphakathi wentando yeningi ozinze ezimakethe ngaphandle konxiwankulu.
Esinye isixazululo esihlongozwayo a intela yenani lomhlaba, ukubuyisela okungenani ingxenye yezwe โkubantu abavamile.โ Njengoba UMichael Hudson ubonile:
Kukhona isithende se-Achilles kusu lama-globalists, inketho ehlala ivulekele ohulumeni. Le nketho iyintela yemali engenayo yokuqasha - โimali engenayo engatholwaโ - yomhlaba, izinsiza zemvelo kanye nokuthathwa kwe-monopoly.
Ukuguqula uhlelo lwamabhange kungenye ithuluzi elibalulekile. Amabhange asebenza njengensiza yomphakathi ukwaba isikweletu ngezinhloso zokukhiqiza ezisebenzela umphakathi. Amanye amathuba ahlanganisa ukuphoqelelwa kwe umthetho omelene ne-monopoly futhi ukuguqulwa komthetho welungelo lobunikazi.Mhlawumbe, nokho, iphutha likumodeli wonxiwankulu wokuncintisana uqobo. Abawinile nakanjani bazothwebula futhi baxhaphaze abahluliwe, benze igebe elikhula njalo- kumcebo namandla. Ucwaningo lwezinhlelo zemvelo luye lwabonisa lokho amamodeli wokubambisana asebenza kahle kakhulu kunezinhlelo zokuncintisana. Lokho akusho uhlobo โlokubambisanaโ oluphoqwa ngokulawulwa kobushiqela kwensimbi phezulu. Sidinga isethi yemithetho empeleni elenga inkundla, eklomelisa ukukhiqiza, futhi ekhulisa inzuzo emphakathini uwonke, kuyilapho ilondoloza amalungelo omuntu ngamunye aqinisekiswa uMthethosisekelo wase-U.S.
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