Ukuketulwa umbuso kuka-Manuel Zelaya waseHonduras kumelela umzamo wokugcina wezintshisekelo zezomnotho nezepolitiki zaseHonduras ezigxilile ukuze kunqandwe ukuqhubekela phambili kohulumeni abasha ababambe iqhaza eLatin America kule minyaka eyishumi edlule. Njengoba uZelaya asho ngemva kokulahlwa ngendluzula eCosta Rica: โLeli itulo elinonya elihlelwe izicukuthwane. Izikhulu zifuna kuphela ukugcina izwe lihlukaniswe futhi lisebuphofini obudlulele. โ
UZelaya kufanele azi, njengoba izimpande zakhe zisesigabeni esikhulu sezwe, esingabanikazi bomhlaba, njengoba enikele ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwakhe emabhizinisini ezolimo namahlathi awazuza njengefa. Wangenela isikhundla sokuba ngumongameli njengenhloko ye-centre-right Liberal Party endaweni enodlame, ethembisa ukuthi uzoqina ebugebengwini futhi anciphise isabelomali. Yavulwa ngoMasingana, 2006, weseka Isivumelwano Sokuhweba Ngokukhululekile SaseMelika, esasixhaswe yi-US, esasisayinwe eminyakeni emibili ngaphambili, futhi waqhubeka nezinqubomgomo zezomnotho ze-neo-liberalism, ukwenza amabhizinisi aphethwe kahulumeni azimele.
Kodwa cishe phakathi nesikhathi sakhe seminyaka emine, imimoya yoshintsho eyayivunguza isuka eningizimu yathatha umcabango wakhe, ikakhulukazi leyo evela eVenezuela kaHugo Chavez, umbuso omkhulu wesifunda obheke eCaribbean. Njengoba ingekho izinsiza zikaphethiloli, iHonduras yasayina isivumelwano soxhaso lukawoyela neVenezuela, kwathi ngonyaka odlule yajoyina inhlangano yezohwebo yesifunda esafufusa, i-ALBA, iBolivarian Alternative for the Americas. Igqugquzelwe yiVenezuela manje inamalungu eBolivia, Cuba, Nicaragua, Dominica kanye ne-Ecuador. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uZelaya wasebenzisa izinqubomgomo zezinguquko zasekhaya, wakhuphula kakhulu umholo omncane wabasebenzi kanye nothisha, kuyilapho enyusa ukusetshenziswa kwemali ekunakekelweni kwezempilo nasemfundweni.
Isiphetho siwukuthi umongameli onomqondo wenguquko osekelwa yizinyunyana zabasebenzi nezinhlangano zezenhlalakahle manje usebhekene neqembu lezombusazwe elifana ne-mafia, eligcwele izidakamizwa, elikhohlakele elijwayele ukulawula iNkantolo Ephakeme, kanye nengqungquthela kanye nehhovisi likamongameli. Kuyindaba evame ukuphindwa kwenye indawo eLatin America, lapho i-United States cishe ihlale inesisindo ngasohlangothini lwezithakazelo ezimisiwe, ezigxilile.
Izicukuthwane zaseHonduran zacasulwa ukuthi ilungu lekilasi labo lizokwenza izinguquko ezingatheni. Baqala ukuveza uZelaya njenge-demagogue, futhi bafaka idemoni uHugo Chavez njengoba ezama ukuthatha izwe. Ngenkathi uZelaya ememezela ukuthi uzobamba izikhalazo ngoJuni 28 ukuze abone ukuthi izwe liyafuna yini ukuba nenketho okhethweni lukamongameli oluzayo lwangoNovemba lokuvotela ukubizwa kwengqungquthela ezobhala umthethosisekelo omusha, izinhlangano zezepolitiki ngeke zibe nalo. kwayo. Basho ngokungeyikho ukuthi uZelaya uzama ukungenela ukhetho kabusha. Eqinisweni ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi umongameli athathe ihlandla lesibili kungavela kuphela kumthethosisekelo omusha ongeke ubhalwe kuze kube yilapho uZelaya eshiye isikhundla ngoJanuwari, 2010. Kodwa-ke, abahlonishwayo babe nesizathu sokwesaba i-magna carta entsha, ngoba lokhu iyindlela uChavez waseVenezuela, u-Evo Morales eBolivia kanye noRafael Correa e-Ecuador abaye bayisebenzisa ukuze babhale imithethosisekelo emisha ukuze baqale ukuguqula amazwe abo izinhlaka zezombusazwe, zezenhlalakahle nezomnotho.
Inhlangano yezombangazwe yanquma ukuyihlehlisa le nqubo ngokuchitha isicelo sokuphikisa esasihlelelwe ngeSonto, Juni 28. INkantolo Ephakeme yamemezela ukuthi lokhu kuphambene nomthethosisekelo futhi amasosha enqaba ukusiza ekusabalaliseni amavoti. UZelaya wabe esexosha inhloko yebutho, uJenene Romeo Vasquez, futhi wahola abasebenzi nezishoshovu zenhlangano yezenhlalakahle ukuthi bashaqe amavoti agcinwe endaweni yombutho wezindiza ukuze asatshalaliswe. NgeSonto ngo-6AM, usuku lokuqulwa kwecala, umbutho wezempi wathumela ibutho elikhethekile ukuba liyobamba uZelaya egqoke izingubo zokulala futhi limdingisele eCosta Rica. Ngosuku olulandelayo iNkantolo Ephakeme yamangalela uZelaya amacala okuvukela umbuso, futhi iCongress yaphakamisa umongameli wayo, uRoberto Micheletti ukuba abe umongameli wesikhashana wezwe.
Amanye amazwe aseMelika, kanye nengxenye enkulu yomhlaba, asabele ngokucasuka ngokumelene nokuketulwa umbuso. I-Organisation of the Americas ibize iseshini ephuthumayo futhi yavota ngazwi linye ukuze icele abenzi bombuso ukuthi babuyisele u-Zelaya emandleni. Izinhlangano zezifunda ezifana neGroup of Rio nazo zikugxekile ukuketula umbuso, kanti i-European Economic Union kanye neBhange Lomhlaba bamemezele ukuthi bayalumisa usizo lwezomnotho lwaseHonduras. Ngisho nohulumeni ka-Alvaro Uribe waseColombia noFelipe Calderon waseMexico bazizwa bephoqelekile ukuba bakugxeke ukuketula umbuso.
Yini echaza lokhu kuphikisana ngazwi linye nokuketulwa umbuso? Iningi leLatin America lisakhumbula izinsuku ezimnyama zeminyaka yawo-1970 kanye nawo-1980 lapho izingxenye ezintathu kwezine zabantu bezwekazi ziwela ngaphansi kombuso wezempi. Amazwe afana neChile, Argentina, Uruguay kanye neBrazil asathwele izibazi nokuhlukumezeka kwalesi sikhathi, futhi awafuni ukucabanga nganoma yikuphi ukuvulwa okungavumela amabutho awo ukuthi aphinde angenele kwezombusazwe.
I-United States nayo iyakuphikisa lokhu kuketulwa kombuso, uMengameli u-Obama ekugxekile, ethi kubeka โisibonelo esibiโ nokuthi โAsifuni ukubuyela ebumnyameni obudluleโ lapho ukuketula umbuso kuvame ukweqisa ukhetho. Wengeze wathi: โSihlala sifuna ukuma nentando yeningi.โ
Izingqapheli eziningi ziyasola ukuthi i-US iqine kangakanani ekulweni nokuketula umbuso. U-Obama unikeze ukugcizelela kwakhe ku-multilateralism, kungenzeka ukuthi akukho ayengakwenza, azi ukuthi umanduleli wakhe u-George W. Bush wayehlasele i-Latin America ngesikhathi ephuthuma ukugunyaza umzamo wokugcina wokuketula umbuso esifundeni uHugo Chavez ngo-Okthoba, 2002.
UMnyango Wezwe uthathe isimo esishubile. Lapho uNobhala Wezwe u-Hillary Clinton ebuzwa ukuthi โukubuyisela umyalo womthethosisekeloโ eHonduras kusho ukubuyisela uZelaya, akazange avume. I-New York Times ibika ukuthi akazange aye kumongameli waseHonduran lapho ehlangana naye ngoJuni 2 emhlanganweni we-OAS eTegucigalpa. UZelaya wamcasula ngokumcela ukuba aye ekamelweni elizimele ebusuku kakhulu ukuze ahlangane futhi abaxhawule nomndeni wakhe. Emhlanganweni osemthethweni uZelaya waveza izinhlelo zakhe zenhlolovo ngoJuni 28 lapho izikhulu zaseMelika zithatha isikhundla sokuthi akuhambisani nomthethosisekelo futhi zizobhebhethekisa isimo sezepolitiki.
IWashington nayo inobudlelwano obusondelene kakhulu nebutho laseHonduran, elibuyela emuva emashumini eminyaka edlule. Ngeminyaka yawo-1980 i-US yasebenzisa izisekelo eHonduras ukuqeqesha nokuhlomisa i-Contras, amasosha aseNicaragua ayaziwa ngonya lwawo empini yawo nohulumeni wamaSandinista eNicaragua engumakhelwane. UJohn Negroponte owaba yinkosi yezobunhloli ngesikhathi sokuphatha kukaBush ngemuva kokusebenza njengenxusa laseMelika e-Iraq, waqala ukudumala lapho esebenza njengenxusa laseMelika eHonduras ekuqaleni kwawo-1980 futhi enikeza imvume ye-US ukuthi ibulale amasosha aphethwe uphiko olukhethekile lwezempi lwaseHonduran ngokumelene nezwe. abaphikisi basekhaya.
NgoLwesithathu, umhlangano we-OAS eWashington ucele ukubuyiselwa kukaZelaya esikhundleni ngoMgqibelo, ngoJulayi 4. Inhloko ye-OAS, uJose Miguel Insulza waseChile, kanye nomongameli we-UN General Assembly uMiguel d'Escota waseNicaragua, kanye noMongameli uCristina Fernandez de Kirchner kanye noRafael Correa base-Argentina nase-Ecuador ngokulandelana bathe bazophelezela uZelaya lapho ebuya.
Kodwa kuyangabazeka ukuthi uzovunyelwa yini ukuthi abuye ngabaholi bombhikisho. KuMicheletti noVasquez, iRubicon iweliwe futhi abakwazi ukushiya amandla ngaphandle kwemiphumela yokuhlupheka. Noma iyiphi indiza ezama ukwehla nalolu hlu lwezicukuthwane izodinga imvume yokuhlala emoyeni yiziphathimandla zaseHonduran futhi lokhu kungase kwenqatshwe. Ukhiye kungaba ukuthi ngabe abaphathi baka-Obama bazimisele yini ukuletha ingcindezi eyeqile ukuze babhekane nabalingani babo bomlando noma basebenzise amandla abo omoya wezempi ukuze babeke umnqamulajuqu wokubuya kukaZelaya. Futhi uma ingcindezi yangaphandle ibuyisela uZelaya esikhundleni, ingabe uzovunyelwa ukuthi athole ivoti lenhlangano emele izwe eliyidinga kakhulu ukuze ibe umphakathi othuthukayo?
URoger Burbach ungumbhali wencwadi ethi โThe Pinochet Affairโ kanye noMqondisi weSikhungo Sokufunda Kwamazwe aseMelika (CENSA) esizinze eBerkeley, eCalifornia.
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