U-2015 bekufanele kube unyaka engavakashela ngawo i-Guantánamo Bay.
Ngangihloselwe ukuya ekuqulweni kwamacala ngaphambi kokuqulwa kwamacala ngo-April “kuma-HVD” amahlanu - iziboshwa zenani eliphakeme - ezazigcinwe ejele. Ama-HVD asolwa ngokubandakanyeka ku-9/11; ohamba phambili ohlwini nguKhalid Sheikh Mohammed, okusolwa ukuthi ungungqondongqondo kulokhu kuhlasela.
Ngabhuka indiza esuka eBeirut iya eWashington, DC, futhi ngabheja isikhulu samasosha esiphethe ukwaba izihlalo endizeni isuka e-Andrews Air Force Base iya eGuantánamo ngaze ngaqinisekiswa indawo. Nokho, lapho ngifika ku-DC, ngaziswa ukuthi ukuqulwa kwamacala kwakuhoxisiwe ngenxa yezinkinga ezibangelwa ukungena kwe-FBI kwelinye lamaqembu okuvikela ngonyaka odlule.
Njengoba ummeli kammangalelwa u-Ramzi Kassem asho ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngaphambili: “Izimfanelo kanye nemishini yobulungiswa nokuqoqa ubuhlakani, ngokwezinga elikhulu, akuhambisani. Akukho lapho lokho kungqubuzana kubukhali khona njengaseGuantánamo, lapho lezo zizwe ezimbili zishayisana khona.”
Lokhu kuqashelwa kwenziwa ngenxa yokuthi hhayi ekungeneni kwe-FBI kodwa ezindabeni zokuthi omunye wotolika ekhasimendeni laseGuantánamo wayeyisisebenzi sangaphambili sesizinda esinsundu seCIA.
Njengoba inxanxathela yejele manje igubha usuku lwayo lokuzalwa lwe-14 - ngaphezu kweminyaka eyisikhombisa u-Barack Obama ethembise ukuyivala - ukungqubuzana komhlaba kuyaqhubeka. Futhi nakuba kungase kucace kunoma yimuphi umuntu oqaphile ukuthi “ubulungisa” abukho phakathi kwemiphumela engase ibe khona ekamu lokuhlushwa lase-US elihlinzekwe endaweni ehlala abantu baseCuba, i-US yenza yonke imizamo yokuphazamisa isithombe esikhulu. ngokuhlakulela i-façade yokulunga nokuhlonipha isithunzi somuntu ezinkambisweni zansuku zonke e-Guantánamo.
Emuva ngo-2010, ngokwesibonelo, uCarol Rosenberg weThe Miami Herald wabika “ngokushintshashintsha okusha kwebutho lezempi lase-US lokuzwela amaSulumane ezinkanjini zamajele … Abasebenzi bezokwelashwa baphakela ngenkani inombolo eyimfihlo yeziboshwa ezitelekile phakathi kokuhlwa nokuntwela kokusa ngesikhathi. iholide lokuzila lokuzila lamaSulumane likaRamadan.” Phakathi kwezinketho zemenyu ezihehayo bekunebhotela le-pecan-flavored Ensure (“I-Flavor ayenzanga mehluko ukwehla, omunye umhlengikazi wachaza, kodwa othunjiwe anganambitha uma eqhunyiswa kamuva”).
Ungalokothi ukhohlwe ukuthi inhlonipho esobala yeRamadan ingaphezu kokukhanselwa iqiniso lokuthi ukuba namashubhu okuphakelayo agxunyekwe emgodleni womuntu ngokumelene nentando yakhe nakho kuwuhlobo lokuhlukunyezwa. Ngokwendlela yase-US, amaphutha ayisigidi ngandlela thize alungisa.
Kodwa liyini ngempela iphuzu lokugcina i-Guantánamo ivulekile lapho ibhekwa kabanzi njengesibopho - esilimaza isithombe saseMelika emhlabeni wonke futhi sibhebhezela imizwa emelene namaMelika - ngaphezu kokumba eqolo?
Okokuqala, ukuzibophezela okwanele kwe-bipartisan ezinhlelweni zokuboshwa okuphezulu, ingasaphathwa inzuzo enkulu ekhiqizwa imboni yamajele, kuyingxenye yalokho okusize ukwenza i-US izwe lamajele angempela.
I-Guantánamo, vele, iyicala elikhethekile: ikoloni lokujeziswa ngasolwandle eliseduze ngokwanele ukuthi lingaphatha kalula kodwa likude ngokwanele ukuba libe khona emaphethelweni omthetho.
Ebhala ku-New Yorker mayelana nemisebenzi yesikhungo sezempi yangaphambi kuka-9/11, u-Paul Kramer wase-Vanderbilt University uxoxa ngokusetshenziswa kwendawo njengepeni lokubamba abantu base-Haiti abazama ukubalekela ukuketulwa umbuso ngesihluku kwango-1991 kulelozwe. Ngo-July 1992, uphawula, umkhankaso wokuvinjwa kwababaleki owenziwe i-US Coast Guard wawuholele esimweni eGuantánamo lapho “abantu abacishe babe ngu-37,000 babevalelwe emadolobheni esikhashana amatende anezintambo ezihlabayo.”
Ngokuqondene nomdonsiswano owalandela enkantolo yaseNew York ngezimo ezingezinhle zekamu, uKramer uyachaza: “Abameli bakahulumeni baphendula ngokuthi iGitmo imane nje ‘iyindawo yamasosha kwelinye izwe’ futhi ‘hhayi indawo yase-United States.’ Iziboshwa lapho 'zazingaphandle kwe-United States ngakho-ke azinawo amalungelo aqashelwa ngokomthetho ezinkantolo zase-United States.'”
Isandulela esikahle, ngokungangabazeki.
Ekufakweni kwayo kwamanje, izinto ezikhangayo zaseGuantánamo ziningi. Lesi sikhungo sihlala izitha ezinkulu zaseMelika, izimfanelo zabo zobuntu kanye nezisusa ezingaba khona zamacala okusolakala ukuthi bawenzile kugcinwa ngokuphepha endaweni engenakufinyelelwa umphakathi wase-US. Lokhu akulungisi nje kuphela ukuqhubeka kwabo ejele nokuphathwa kabi kodwa futhi nempi eqhubekayo yokulwa nezinye izinsongo ezinkulu kunokuphila emhlabeni wonke.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Guantánamo inikeza isitsha se-hermetic esingaphezu nje kwemizimba yenyama: imicabango, nayo, iqukethwe. Ngenxa yokuthi imininingwane eminingi yokuhlukunyezwa okugcwele yonke indawo eyatholwa abasolwa abangamaphekula ngemuva kuka-9/11 yi-US kanye nabalingani bayo ithathwa njengeyingozi kakhulu ukuthi ingakhululwa, izisulu eziningi zokuhlukunyezwa manje eziboshwe e-Guantánamo zithuliswa ngempumelelo. Njengoba uLisa Hajjar, umbhali wencwadi ethi “Torture: A Sociology of Violence and Human Rights,” ake akubeka: “Izinkumbulo zabo zihlukaniswa.”
Incwadi yesiboshwa u-Mohamed Ould Slahi, i-Guantánamo Diary, eyabhalwa ngo-2005, yagcina ishicilelwe ngonyaka odlule nge-redactions yoMnyango Wezokuvikela engaphezu kuka-2,500. Abahloli bezempi bathatha inkululeko yokungasusi nje kuphela ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokuhlukunyezwa kuka-Slahi ngokocansi ngonogada kodwa nemininingwane ebonakala ingavumelekile njengegama likaMengameli waseGibhithe ongasekho u-Gamal Abdel Nasser.
Kodwa ngisho noma lezi kanye nezinye izimfihlo zombuso ezibalulekile ziqala ukuvela ngaphandle kwekamu lejele, amathuba okuqeda sonke lesi sakhiwo esihlukumezayo asalokhu emfiliba. Njengoba u-James Connell, umeluleki wezakhamuzi we-HVD Ammar al-Baluchi, aphawule nge-imeyili kimi:
“Ukuvala iGuantánamo kusho ukumela amalungelo abantu kanye nomthetho, okungadumile kwezombusazwe e-United States njengamanje. Ngisho nohlelo lukaMongameli Obama ['lokuvalwa'] aluyivali ngempela i-Guantánamo; imane ithuthele iziboshwa nezinkantolo zezempi ezingapheli eGuantánamo North e-United States.”
Futhi ngenkathi, ngineminyaka engu-14, ikamu lokuboshwa lingase lincane kakhulu, kuqinisekisiwe ukuthi - noma ngabe kwenzekani eGitmo - ukudelela kwe-US ubulungiswa kuzoqhubeka nokuchuma.
U-Belén Fernández ungumbhali wencwadi ethi “The Imperial Messenger: Thomas Friedman at Work,” eshicilelwe nguVerso. Ungumhleli onesandla kumagazini i-Jacobin.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
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