Hizakhamuzi zaseQ'eqchi' Maya ezisenyakatho emaphakathi kamasipala waseChisec eGuatemala zingene emigwaqweni zibhikisha ngemuva kokuthi i-Energuate, ephethwe yinkampani yamandla yakwa-Israel i-IC Power, izinsiza zamandla ezimisiwe edolobheni. Abahlali bavule izivimbamgwaqo ngokuthula ngoJuni 14 ukuze bamise izimoto ezingena futhi zizungeza eChisec.
Le nkampani ikunikeze isizathu sokumiswa kwemisebenzi emiphakathini engama-38 kumasipala, osemnyangweni we-Alta Verapaz, iveza ukuthi izakhamizi emiphakathini engu-13 zenqabile ukukhokha izikweletu zazo.
Izinsizakalo zamandla zihlala zingezinhle ezweni lonke, njengoba izinsiza zincipha njalo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemakhaya njengeChisec. "Uma ugesi ucisha kuyasithinta," kusho uRita Coc, isakhamuzi saseSepoc, isigodi esincane esinemindeni ecishe ibe yi-100 ngehora ushayela emigwaqweni ewubhuqu usuka eChisec. โAmakhandlela esiwasebenzisayo awakhanyi endlini ngendlela esikudinga ngayo lapho sinakekela amalungu omkhaya agulayo. Sesijwayele ukuba nezibani ezindlini zethu, yingakho kudingeka sithole izindlela zokwehlisa izindleko zikagesi."
UManuel, isakhamuzi saseSepoc, uchaze ukuthi abantu abaningi edolobheni banqume ukuyeka ukukhokha izikweletu zabo zokukhanyisa ngenxa yezindleko ezingavumelekile. Uchaze lezi zindleko njengokuthi โukugetshengwaโ ngenxa yokuthi esikhathini esiningi basuke bekhokhela umsebenzi abangawutholi. โSazikhokha izikweletu okwesikhashana, kodwa asikwazanga ukuqhubeka nokukhokhela lokhu kugetshengwa ekubeni sithembele emalini encane esiyithola ezitshalweni zethu,โ usho kanje.
Izishoshovu nezakhamuzi zilinganisela ukuthi iningi lemiphakathi yase-Chisec ayikutholi ukukhanya okusesidlangalaleni. โSikhokha izindleko ezinkulu ngenxa yamalambu omphakathi,โ kusho uRita Coc, isakhamuzi saseSepoc. "Kodwa angikaze ngibone ukukhanya emigwaqweni."
Izishoshovu zaseChisec ezisekela imiphakathi emibhikishweni yazo zilinganisela ukuthi izindleko zokukhanyisa ezindaweni zomphakathiโokuyinto ezikhathini eziningi ezizokhokhwa ngesabelomali sikamasipala, hhayi umuntu ngamunyeโzakha cishe amaphesenti angama-60 ezindleko zanyanga zonke zikagesi, noma ngabe isevisi iyenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile noma engekho.
I-Sepoc yaqala ukuxhunywa kugridi kazwelonke yamandla ngo-2014. Ngemva kokuthola izikweletu zokuqala, umphakathi we-campesino wamangala ukubona izindleko zenyanga eziphakeme, ezingaphezu kuka-200 kuya ku-400 ama-quetzales aseGuatemala ($ 25 kuya ku-$ 50), ngaphandle kweholo lawo njalo ngenyanga. Yize umholo omncane osemthethweni eGuatemala wabasebenzi bezolimo ungama-quetzales angu-2,644 ngenyanga ($343 USD), kodwa iningi lama-campesinos amancane awatholi iholo eliqinile, elilinganiselwa ku-800 Quetzales ($100 USD) ngenyanga ezindaweni zase-Chisec, ngokusho kombiko. abahlali bakamasipala.
Imiphakathi eminingi idlala indima ebalulekile ekufakeni amadolobha ayo kugridi kagesi kwasekuqaleni, okuhlanganisa nokugxumeka izigxobo zezintambo zikagesi emiphakathini yayo. Uma sezifakwe ugesi, izikweletu zanyanga zonke zifaka izindleko zokusebenzisa umuzi kanye nezibani zomphakathi ezihlinzekwa yinkampani futhi zilawulwa umasipala.
E-Sepoc, izakhamuzi zenqabile ukukhokha izikweletu zazo cishe iminyaka emine zibhikishela ukungabibikho kwezibani zomphakathi kanye nezindleko eziphezulu.
Amandla "Ukungabi Nabulungisa" kanye Nezingxabano Ezikhulayo
AImiphakathi eyabhikisha ngoJuni, uJordรกn Rodas, u-Guatemala Human Rights Ombudsman (PDH), wafaka i-Energuate enkantolo ngokunqanyulwa kwezinsiza. Le nkampani iqale ukubuyisela izinsiza zikagesi ebezimisiwe ekuqaleni kukaJulayi ngemuva kokufinyelela esivumelwaneni nemiphakathi ethintekile. I-Energuate ivumile ukwehlisa izindleko ngamaphesenti angu-40 emiphakathini yaseChitocรกn II, Babatzul, Cubilgรผitz, Semanzana, Tonzul Uculรก, Secocpur, neSequixquib, futhi nokunciphisa izikweletu zale miphakathi ngesikhathi imiphakathi ingawukhokheli ugesi, ngokusho kombiko. esitatimendeni senkampani esinikezwe umbhali nge-whatsapp.
Eminye imiphakathi efana neSepoc isaqhubeka nokubhekana nezikweletu ezingakhokhiwe iminyaka engayikhokhile. Kodwa izakhamuzi zinethemba lokuxoxisana ne-Energuate ukuze zithole indlela yokwehlisa isikweletu, ukuxazulula izindleko eziphezulu, kanye nokuqeda izindleko ze-phantom zezinsizakalo ezingakaze zizithole.
Ezinsukwini ngemuva kwezivimbamgwaqo eChisec, imibhikisho ephikisana nenkampani yezamandla yasabalala izwe lonke ogwini oluseningizimu. Izakhamizi zendawo zavala isiminyaminya ngoJuni 28 emgwaqeni omkhulu onqamula eCoatepeque, eQuetzaltenango zikhalaza ngokumiswa kukagesi emiphakathini eyisikhombisa engaphansi kukamasipala. Ukuvinjwa komgwaqo kwathatha izinsuku ezimbili, kwamisa imikhumbi komunye wemigwaqo emikhulu yaseGuatemala. NgoJuni 29, Amaphoyisa Kazwelonke waseGuatemala zasetshenziswa ukukhuculula umgwaqo omkhulu, kuqhunyiswe isisi esikhalisa unyembezi ukuhlakaza ababhikishi.
I-Energuate izimangalo zokuthi imiphakathi yase-Coatepeque yalile ukukhokha cishe iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili. Izinkampani zibike ukuthi imiphakathi ebingakakhokhi ineqoqo isikweletu esisele ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-21 zamaQuetzales ($2.8 million USD.)
Ngemva kwenyanga, ngo-August 3, kubikwa ukuthi izakhamuzi ezithukuthele zasedolobhaneni laseSan Agustรญn Pacayรก zafika uvalele imeya kamasipala, u-Alfonso Garcรญa Junco, njengoba evakashele leli dolobhana ukuze aqale inkhulumomphendvulwano yokuqeda ukungqubuzana kwezindleko zamandla. Iphephandaba lansuku zonke laseGuatemala Mahhala ibike ukuthi i-San Agustรญn Pacayรก ingomunye wemiphakathi emithathu, okuhlanganisa i-El Troje kanye ne-San Rafael Pacayรก 1 eyayinqaba inkhulumomphendvulwano ukuze kuqedwe ukungqubuzana.
Nokho iMeya isikhiphile isitatimende kuPDH ngo-Agasti 3 lapho ephikisene nemibiko yezindaba waphika ukuthi uboshiwe. Uthe akwenzekanga lutho wacela abezindaba ukuthi bazibambe ekubikeni imibiko eyihaba, ecela ukuthi behlise umoya.
Phezu kwezicelo zemeya, amaphoyisa atshalwe emphakathini ukuze akhulule imeya kubasolwa abebeyithumbile lapho izakhamuzi ebezithukuthele zigane unwabu zifike zabhekana nazo. Lapho ekhululwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti 3, iMeya uGarcรญa UJunco uqhubekile nokufuna ukuthi ukhethe ukuhlala emphakathini ngokubona kwakhe ukuze athole indlela yokuxazulula ukungqubuzana kwamandla.
Nokho osopolitiki abasohlangothini lwesokudla, abanjengo-Alvaro Arzรบ Escobar, uMongameli wamanje weCongress kanye nendodana yalowo owayeyiMeya yaseGuatemala ongasekho, bathathe ku-twitter basola inhlangano iCampesino Development Committee (CODECA), ebibambe iqhaza emzabalazweni. ukufakwa kwamandla kuzwelonke iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi, kulokho abezindaba kazwelonke abakumemezele njengokuthunjwa. Abanye osopolitiki nabo basole iKomidi leCampesino Unity (CUC).
Abameleli abavela ku-CODECA kanye ne-CUC bayiphike ngokuphelele noma iyiphi ingxenye ekusolweni kokuthunjwa kukameya. Zombili izinhlangano zixhumanisa ukungqubuzana kwezindleko eziphezulu zamandla kanye nokwenziwa kwangasese kwamandla. Imeya nayo ibilokhu iphika ukuthi ithunjiwe.
Ifa lokwenziwa kwangasese
EI-nergy eGuatemala ibingaphansi kokuphathwa kwangasese kusukela ngo-1997, lapho izinsizakalo zezamandla zithengiswa ngaphansi kokuphela kwempi yezikhali yangaphakathi yezwe yeminyaka engama-36. Intengo yamandla yanda ngokushesha cishe ngamaphesenti angama-212, ngokusho esifundweni nge-CODECA ngo-2014, futhi iqhubekile nokukhula emashumini amabili eminyaka kusukela i-Energuate ishintshela ezandleni zangasese.
Inkampani yaseSpain i-Uniรณn Fenosa ekuqaleni yathenga i-Energuate ngo-1997, futhi yaphatha inkampani kwaze kwaba ngu-2011 lapho i-Uniรณn Fenosa. wathengisa isabelo sawo enkampanini ngesikhathi sokuvalwa kwayo. Inkampani yaseBrithani yamabhizinisi ezimele i-Actis yabe isithola i-Energuate. Ngo-2015, inkampani yakwa-Israel i-IC Power, inkampani engaphansi kwe-Kenon Holdings, yathenga inkampani. Ngokusho kwe-Energuate, inkampani Ukuhlinzekas amandla kubathengi abayizigidi ezingu-1.7 eminyangweni engu-20 kwengu-22 yaseGuatemala ibalazwe kuwebhusayithi yenkampani ibonisa iminyango engu-19 kuphela.
Emashumini amabili eminyaka kusukela ekupheleni kwempi yombango, iGuatemala yathola indawo njengomunye wabathumeli bokuqala bamandla kwamanye amazwe e-Central America njengengxenye yesivumelwano sezomnotho semakethe yesifunda. Ngokuvumelana ne idatha kusuka UMnyango Wezamandla Nezezimayini waseGuatemala, ngonyaka ka-2015, iGuatemala yakhiqiza amandla angama-megawatts angu-3,139, lapho izwe ladla cishe i-1,700. Okusele kwathunyelwa esifundeni esizungezile, kuhlanganise neMexico.
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, i-United States iyaqhubeka ukukhuthaza ukwanda wokukhiqiza amandla eGuatemala naseCentral America njengendlela yokwehlisa izindleko. Muva nje, le mizamo iyathuthukiswa njengengxenye ye-Alliance for Prosperity, uhlelo olwaqalwa ngo-2015 ngabaphathi baka-Obama lokuqeda ukufuduka kwabantu abavela eGuatemala, El Salvador, naseHonduras. Ukwakhiwa kwemiklamo emisha yokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi ezweni lonkana sekugqugquzele iningi lokukhiqizwa kwamandla amasha.
Izikhulu zase-US ezikhuthaza ukunwetshwa zigcina ukuthi ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kwamandla esifundeni ngeke nje kwehlise izindleko, kodwa futhi โkusimamiseโ igridi. Izikhulu zithi lokhu kuzosho ukwenziwa ngcono kwezinsizakalo futhi kuhlinzeke ngezindlela zokuthuthukisa umnotho wesifunda.
"Inqubomgomo yamandla eMelika Ephakathi igxile ekuletheni amandla afinyelelekayo, athembekile futhi athengekayo kubantu," kusho uBrian Nichols, owayeyinxusa laseMelika ePeru kanye nehhovisi lesikhashana ehhovisi leNxusa laseMelika eTegucigalpa, eHonduras. โUkuhlanganiswa kwamandla kuyo yonke i-hemisphere kuzosho ukuthi kuzoba nokufinyelela okwengeziwe kumandla athembekile, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi lapho isimo sezulu nesimo sezulu sincipha kakhulu. Ukuxhumana kunikeza ithuba lokuzinzisa amandla.โ
Nokho ukukhiqizwa okwenyukayo akuzange kwehlise izindleko futhi kudale izingxabano ezintsha zomphakathi kanye nokufuduka kulo lonke elaseGuatemala. Isomiso siphinde sibe nomthelela ezindlekweni zikagesi esifundeni, njengoba izindleko zikagesi zikhuphuka ngo-2016 ngenxa yalokho ukwehlisa amazinga okukhiqiza kusukela edamini iChixoy eBaja Verapaz, okungenye yabakhiqizi abakhulu bezwe.
Ukwenziwa ngasese kwegridi kagesi kube nomthelela ofanayo komakhelwane Honduras ngo-2016 futhi ngo El Salvador ngo-1998. Izikhulu zase-US ziphikisa ngokuthi ukunyuka kwezindleko kuwumphumela wamanani alingana namanani emakethe.
Kodwa njengoba kwenzeka nge-Sepoc, ukuthengiswa kwamandla kagesi kuye kwashaya kakhulu imiphakathi yasemakhaya ehlushwa ubumpofu obukhulu kakhulu.
โKuwukungalungi abasikhokhisa [ngento esingayitholi],โ kusho uManuel. โSithembele ezitshalweni ezimbalwa esizithengisayo. Kodwa kuyinkimbinkimbi ngathi ukukhokha, kodwa asitholi njalo imali nyanga zonke, ingxenye, ngoba asiyitholi imali nyanga zonke. Kusixabanisa yonke into.โ
UJeff Abbott uyintatheli ezimele njengamanje ezinze eGuatemala. Umsebenzi wakhe uvele kwethi The Progressive, In These Times, kanye ne-Truthout. Mlandele kuTwitter @palabrasdeabajo.
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