“Ingabe usukulungele umnotho omusha? Ingabe usukulungele ipolitiki entsha?” Inselelo emsamo iqhamuke kuGus Speth, umsunguli wenkantolo woMkhandlu Wezokuvikela Wezemvelo, manje osenguprofesa e-Vermont Law School, osebhodini le-New Economics Institute (NEI) esanda kusungulwa. Lo mcimbi bekuyingqungquthela yokusungulwa kwe-NEI, eyayise-Bard College ekuqaleni kukaJuni, futhi uSpeth wayehlaba ikhwelo “lomnotho onhloso yawo akuyona ukukhulisa inzuzo…kodwa kusimamise abantu neplanethi.”
I-NEI i-E.F. Schumacher Society eyenziwe kabusha, iqembu elizinze ezintabeni zase-Massachusetts' Berkshire elikhuthaze ukuhlakanipha kombhali wencwadi ethi Small Is Beautiful: Economics as if People Mattered iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30. Ukuhlonipha lo mgadli wakuqala womnotho esimeme, onobulungisa kanye nombono wokuthi okukhulu akuwona neze ungcono, iNhlangano yathuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezomnotho okusekela ukwakhiwa komphakathi—ezolimo ezisekelwa umphakathi, izimali zendawo, ama-trust omhlaba wendawo.
Ngosizo lwe-New Economics Foundation ezinze e-London, i-Schumacher Society iphinde yacabanga ukuthi hlobo luni lwethangi “lokucabanga nokwenza” oludingekayo ukuze kuguqulwe umnotho wethu onamandla kaphethiloli, odlange ngokwezimali, nongenabulungiswa ube oqinile, olungile, futhi esimeme kuguquko lwezemvelo nezomnotho uma kubhekwa ukuphuthuma kweqiniso ngokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Futhi ngosizo lwamaphakethe athile ajulile, yethulwa kabusha njenge-NEI futhi yahlanganiswa, konke endaweni eyodwa ekhampasi yaseBard yasemaphandleni e-Hudson, abanye babacabangi nabahleli abangase babe nocezu lwendida.
Abantu abacabanga kabusha ubunikazi nokusebenza emsebenzini noma esikoleni, abakwaWall Streeters bakudala bedalula izimfihlo zokuthi banganqanda kanjani amandla ezimali ezinkulu, abantu bomphakathi baphinde bafune izinto ezivamile—ukukhipha umoya, amanzi, nomhlaba ngaphandle kwemakethe—futhi bakhe kabusha. umnotho wasekhaya kusukela phansi kuya phezulu, ukhuthaza ukuthi uhulumeni alwe kanzima ukuze aphendule, kanye nososayensi bezenhlalakahle abenza kabusha izinkomba zethu zezomnotho—kungenzeka ukuthi abakaze baxoxe bodwa ngaphambi kwengqungquthela Yamasu Engqungquthela Yomnotho Omusha. Kepha njengoba u-Bob Massie, umqondisi omusha we-NEI eshilo, ngokubambisana badale “amandla aluhlaza.”
Ngaphandle Kokukhula Nezezimali
I-moniker ethi "New Economy" iyanyakaza muva nje, enencazelo ephindwayo kude nokusetshenziswa kukaMongameli Bill Clinton kwe-neoliberal eminyakeni engama-20 edlule. Isikhungo esihlonishwayo esizinze e-Washington DC-based Institute for Policy Studies sineQembu Laso Lokusebenza Lomnotho Elisha, ubambiswano nalo Yebo! umagazini kanye ne-Business Alliance yamalungu angu-22,000 ye-Local Living Economies (BALLE). Umnyombo wekhwelo le-New Economy umzamo wokuqhamuka nezindlela ezisebenzayo ezivumela ukulawulwa komnotho ngentando yeningi—okuhlanganisa izindawo zokusebenza, ezezimali, kanye nokwakheka kwefemu—ngezindlela ezisimeme emvelweni.
Ukugxila kwezezimali—ekwehliseni imboni yamabhange engazinzi ngendlela eyingozi, esetshenziswayo kanye nokuthuthukisa enye indlela—kunikwa amandla abantu abanjengoJohn Fullerton, owayengumqondisi ophethe we-JPMorgan owasungula i-Capital Institute ukuze kuthuthukiswe umbono wezezimali “hhayi njengomphathi kodwa isisebenzi” futhi ibona indima “yomthelela womphakathi” wokutshala imali kuMnotho Omusha.
Kukunhlangano ye-New Economy lapho uzozwa khona abantu bekhuluma ngokuthi ungawakha kanjani umnotho “ongakhuli” owabelana ngokungeziwe futhi okhokhisa intela yomhlaba kancane, umbono owakhuthazwa e-United States kakhulukazi uprofesa waseBoston College uJuliet Schor. Ebhodini le-NEI entsha kukhona ongqondongqondo abafana noPeter Victor waseYunivesithi yase-York eToronto, umbhali we-2008's. Ukuphatha Ngaphandle Kokukhula: Okuncane Ngokuklama Hhayi Inhlekelele, kanye noStewart Wallis, inhloko ye-New Economics Foundation yaseLondon, osekuyiminyaka isakaza umbono wokungakhuli.
"Ngisho noma wonke umuntu ubezothola kabusha uKeynes, leyo akuyona impendulo," uWallis etshela isixuku se-NEI, ebhekise kusomnotho waseBrithani owaqhakambisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kukahulumeni emnothweni ngesikhathi sokwehla kwamandla emali, noma ngabe kusho ukushoda, ukuze kukhuliswe isidingo nokuqashwa. . “Singaba nomnotho onenhlalakahle ephezulu, ubulungiswa bezenhlalo ephakeme” obucekela phansi iplanethi. "Sidinga imodeli entsha, umnotho osebenzisa amamethrikhi ahluke kakhulu, okwandisa ukubuyiselwa kwemithombo yemvelo eyivelakancane, ukukhulisa imbuyiselo [enhlalakahleni] yabantu, imisebenzi emihle."
“Kufanele sisuke ekukhulumeni ngathi njengabathengi siye [sizibheke] njengabaphathi.” Kodwa i-New Economy movement iyitende elikhulu, futhi ukukhula okuthile akuwona umbuzo. KuMarjorie Kelly, umbhali we Ukuba Nekusasa Lethu: Inguquko Yobunikazi Abasafufusa, kanye nozakwethu we-Tellus Institute, i-Boston-based think tank egxile ekusimameni, ukukhula akukona okugxilwe kukho. Engxoxweni "esitolo sezincwadi" senkomfa, uthe,
Inkinga akukhona ukukhula kodwa yimali eningi. Unezikweleti, ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi, ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi entsheni. … Asikwazi ukuba nezimakethe ezinkulu ezilawula umnotho. Inokugxila okulimazayo. Iqala ukuhlukana. Kuyasabisa lokho. Ubambelele kakhulu kulokho onakho njengoba kudilika. Kodwa cha, unenye indlela. Unelungelo lokunciphisa izintela, ukuhoxisa umthetho. Akekho umuntu ocabanga ngokujulile okholelwa ukuthi lezo yizixazululo. …Kunenqubo yokuhlunga engenakugwenywa. Kunemibono ethile ye-loony futhi asikakayilungisi leyo. Kodwa bakusho lokho ngentando yeningi.
Kulandela i-NEF ne-Schumacher, isambulela soMnotho Omusha siphinde sihlanganise lezo ezikhuthaza izinkomba zezomnotho ezingokoqobo ezikala inhlalakahle yabantu nezindleko zemvelo, okuhlanganisa ne-Green GDP. Ibheka ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zebhizinisi—hhayi nje izinkampani eziphethwe abasebenzi kodwa nalabo ababizwa ngokuthi yi-B-Corporations ezicabangela umthelela kumphakathi—ezingase zihambisane nomnotho onobulungiswa, ozinzile. Ihlanganisa labo abaphonsela inselelo umhlaba ongashintshiwe, ongenalo inani le-neoclassical economics ngoba, njengoba uMassie asho, "imibono yethu yamanje isiphuphuthekise." Ekupheleni kukaJuni, lolu bekuyi-ajenda yesonto lonke likaJuliet Schor's Summer Institute in New Economics eBoston College, lapho abafundi abaneziqu bahlala ezinyaweni zikaGar Alperovitz waseNyuvesi yaseMaryland, uJames Boyce weNyuvesi yaseMassachusetts-Amherst, Duncan. Foley weSikole Esisha, nabanye.
Kuyitende elikhulu, futhi kufana ne-Progressive Movement yasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, lapho abantu abaningi abakhethekile kanye nabantu besigaba esiphakathi beqala ukubuza futhi bephonsa inselelo yokuthi ubunxiwankulu babuhlelwa kanjani. Ngokwengxenye ngenxa yenani eliphezulu lentengo, umbuthano wakwa-Bard cishe wawumhlophe qwa futhi ufundiseke kakhulu, ububona ubumpofu kodwa obungathintwanga yibona, nokho ukhuthazwe kakhulu ukwakha umnotho womphakathi ngokubambisana. Ukuthi laba baguquli besigaba esiphakathi bazokwabelana kanjani ngobuholi nabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe abahola kancane, izinyunyana eziqhubekayo, kanye nama-co-ops-izisekelo ezibalulekile zenhlalo yenhlangano-kuyimfihlakalo kancane. Akuyona imfihlakalo, nokho, ukuthi noma yiluphi ushintsho olukhulu emnothweni wezepolitiki wase-US ludinga ukuthi yonke le mikhakha idonsele kuguquko.
U-Andrew Simms, uMseBrithani owaziwa ngobuholi bakhe bokusungula ku-The Other Economic Summits (eyayibambe iqhaza emihlanganweni ye-G-7 iminyaka eminingi ngaphambi kokuba iphenduke i-New Economy Foundation yaseLondon), ubeke amandla ekilasi namandla ezepolitiki etafuleni ngesikhathi etshela umhlangano ukuthi, ukuzwa abantu bekhuluma ngonxiwankulu olusimeme, benza iphutha lamasu,” wengeza ngokuthi “Ukube besingakwazi ukufika lapho sidinga khona ngokubhala imibiko, ngabe sesifikile lapho.” Ulwazi oludingwa yizishoshovu ukuphakamisa umdlalo lwaqhubeka kule ngqungquthela. Enkulumweni yakhe yomhlangano, uMassie uvumile ukuthi ngobani abaningi abebengamelwe kuleli gumbi: izinyunyana, imiphakathi yamaKhaladi, intsha, amabhizinisi. Wacela izilaleli zakhe ukuba zizibuze, “Singabambisana kanjani? Singakwenza kanjani lokhu kube kukhudlwana futhi senze Umnotho Omusha ube ngokoqobo?”
Ubumbano kanye Nokwehlukana
Kwakungo-April 2009 kuphela, eNyuvesi yaseMassachusetts-Amherst, lapho i-U.S. Solidarity Economy Network yaba nomhlangano wayo omkhulu. Lokho kwahlanganisa abantu ezinyunyaneni ezithuthukayo, ama-co-op ezisebenzi, izinyunyana zezikweletu, ama-co-ops okudla, izinhlelo zemisebenzi eluhlaza, kanye nenhlangano yokuthula imbala. Igqugquzelwe yi-U.S. Social Forum e-Atlanta ngo-2007 kanye nokunyakaza kweSolidarity Economy eLatin America naseQuebec, ngokushesha inethiwekhi yayigubha isimemezelo se-United Steel Workers' sokuthi izozama ukuthatha amabhizinisi amancane ubunikazi babasebenzi, ngokusekelwe esibonelweni saseSpain. Mondragón cooperatives—umzamo owehliswe umthelela wenkinga yezomnotho enhlanganweni. Izinyunyana zaseCanada zibike ukuthi zisebenzisa izikhwama zazo zempesheni ukuxhasa ubunikazi babasebenzi.
Kukhona ukunqwabelanisa phakathi kweSolidarity Economy kanye namanethiwekhi Omnotho Omusha. Ingqungquthela ye-NEI ifune amanethiwekhi amabhizinisi esimeme kanye nabaxhasi bezimali zebhizinisi lomphakathi ngenkathi uhlaka lobumbano lugqugquzela abantu abahola kancane kanye nabantu bebala. Amaco-op ezisebenzi afika embuthanweni weNew Economy e-Bard. I-Cleveland co-ops eluhlaza—inxanxathela ehlanganisa ilondolo yezimboni nepulazi lasemadolobheni (bona “America Beyond Capitalism,” I-D&S, November/December 2011)—samukele ukwamukelwa okuvusa amadlingozi. Futhi ilungu lebhodi le-NEI nesikhulumi somhlangano wonke u-Gar Alperovitz ungomunye wompetha bezemfundo bobunikazi babasebenzi abakhuluma kakhulu. Kodwa njengoba uDonnie Maclurcan, we-Post-Growth Institute yase-Australia angibuza esimisweni sokuvula: “Kuphi ukuvuma kwabanakekeli? [Ukubonga abaqaphi] kuyinto evamile e-Australia.” Umhlanganyeli umise uphawu etafuleni lepikiniki ngesikhathi sesidlo sasemini ecela abantu ukuthi beze bazokhuluma ngobuhlanga nekilasi. Ukwehlukana kujulile. U-Speth ungomunye owangenela uqhekeko ezinhlakeni ngqo kodwa waxwayisa iqembu ukuthi kufanele likunqobe:
Okubalulekile lapha inkundla evamile eqhubekayo. Kufanele yamukele ukuzibophezela okujulile kubulungiswa bezenhlalakahle, ukuvulwa kwamathuba emisebenzi, kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo; inselele eqhubekayo ekuthengeni nasekuhwebeni kanye nezindlela zokuphila abazinikezayo; ukungabaza okunempilo kwe-mania yokukhula kanye nokuchazwa kabusha kwentando yeningi lokho umphakathi okufanele uphokophelele ukukuhlakulela; inselelo ekubuseni kwebhizinisi kanye nokuchazwa kabusha kwenhlangano, izinjongo zayo kanye nokuphathwa nobunikazi bayo; ukuzibophezela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinguquko zentando yeningi kwezezimali zomkhankaso, okhethweni, ekulawuleni ukunxenxa; nokunye okuningi. I-ajenda evamile izophinde ihlanganise isethi yokuvelela yezinkomba ezintsha zezwe ngale kwe-GDP ukuze zisazise ngekhwalithi yangempela yokuphila eMelika.
Abacabangi abafana no-Alperovitz bayakweseka ukwenza intando yeningi emnothweni wethu ngokwakha inethiwekhi yethu ekhona yama-trust yomhlaba, imifelandawonye yabathengi nabasebenzi, izinhlelo zobunikazi babasebenzi nabasebenzi ababamba iqhaza ekubuseni, kanye nezinyunyana zezikweletu—ukwakha izikhungo ezweni lonke. Ukhalela iminyaka yezinyunyana njengoba sekwedlule, wathi baningi abasebenzi abaku-worker co-op noma kuma-ESOP kunezinyunyana ezizimele. Ubona le mizamo yokubambisana njengenikeza isisekelo esibalulekile sokwakha ikusasa. Unikeza ipulani yezepolitiki efuna ukuqondisa kabusha ukwesekwa kukahulumeni wesifundazwe, wesifunda kanye nowasekhaya kulama bhizinisi ezinkampanini. Lokhu kunanela "i-cooperative commonwealth" ecatshangwa abanye abantu bekhulu le-19th, futhi inezimpande ezinempilo uma zalahleka kudala emicabangweni yaseMelika. Izimakethe zishiywe zinjalo kodwa kanjalo nesenzo sikahulumeni sokusizakala.
Ngokuqaphela okukhulu kakhulu ngemvelo kunoontanga bakhe abaningi, uJuliet Schor (njengoCostas Panayotakis encwadini yakhe entsha. Ukulungisa Kabusha) ibiza umzabalazo mayelana nokuzithoba kwethu nokuthi sizichaza kanjani izidingo zethu ekwakheni umnotho olinganayo, ozinzile. Nakuba u-Schor engakwazi ukuya engqungqutheleni, ngandlela thize uthwebula ifilosofi eyehlisayo yeningi lababukeli kangcono kune-keynoter Alperovitz. Uyasixwayisa ngokuthi ikhono le-capitalism lokudala izidingo ezintsha futhi liqinise ukuthengwa kwempahla lidinga ukuphonselwa inselelo ngokwesisekelo semvelo nesokuziphatha. Singakwazi yini ukwenza kabusha amanani omqondo ojwayelekile afakwe kumongo wesistimu yethu yamanje?
U-Schor ubeka umbono ocace kakhudlwana walokho okucishe kufane nempi yomphakathi, nokho kuncike esenzweni somuntu ngamunye. Uthi kudingeka sizikhiphe emakethe, isinyathelo ngesinyathelo lapho singakwazi khona: ngokusebenza itoho, sisebenze ngemali encane etholakalayo, futhi senze okwengeziwe sisodwa... Lokho kusho yonke into kusukela ekuphekeni kuya ekwenzeni izingubo kuya ekwakhiweni kwendlu. . Isebenzisa eminye iminyakazo yomnotho ethuthukiswa i-Schumacher Society endala, i-Schor inqoba izikimu zedola lesikhathi sasendaweni, ukwabelana ngomjikelezo wamahhala, nokuhwebelana. Lezi zinhlelo zifuna ukuqinisa izindinganiso zomphakathi ngokuqinisa iwebhu yakho yosekelo nomakhelwane bakho. I-Ultralocal, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga asekelwe ekhaya kufanele kusabalale. Abantu kufanele bamukele umnyakazo wemali ehamba kancane ngokutshala imali endaweni ngokusebenzisa izinyunyana zezikweletu namanye amanethiwekhi endawo, hhayi ngezimali ezinkulu. Khonamanjalo, uyakweseka ukukhulisa isimo senhlalakahle ukuze singabi ngaphansi kwezimakethe uma kuziwa empilweni yethu, ukwandisa imisebenzi eholela ukuphila kanye nokuvikela abantu abavamile.
Imali Ephansi
Ngenkathi ongqondongqondo nezinhloko zenqubomgomo bebusa amaphaneli e-Bard, emaphasishi ngahlangana nomlimi ophilayo oyisishoshovu senhlabathi nombhali, umgqugquzeli wedolobha elikhulu ezama ukwethula uhlelo oluphethwe ngabasebenzi ngendlela yaseCleveland endaweni empofu, U-Occupier, oyilungu le-worker coop, kanye nendoda yase-Rhode Island enethemba lokwethula uhlobo lwemali yomphakathi ukuze izakhamuzi ezimpofu zithole ukubaluleka kwamakhono azo. Ngiphinde ngahlangana noFrank Nuessle wePublic Banking Institute, elwela amabhange kahulumeni afaniswe neNorth Dakota, kanye no-Sean McGuire, umqondisi wezokusimama eMaryland owamela i-Genuine Progress Indicator ukuze umbuso manje ulinganise ukukhula komnotho ngeso lenhlalo nemvelo. izindleko. Abebekhona abebebambe iqhaza bekungamalungu eTransition Woodstock. Lezi zokugcina ziyingxenye yenhlangano ye-International Transition eyaqala e-U.K. ezama ukukhuthaza imiphakathi ukuthi yehle futhi ithathe imikhuba eqinile, evumelana nemvelo ukuze sisabele ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu ngendlela elinganayo. Uzakwethu we-NEI waseLondon, i-New Economy Foundation, uyisekela ngenkuthalo inhlangano ye-Transition.
Enye yezingxoxo zami ezijulile kwaba no-Bonnie Rukin, umxhumanisi wesifunda we-Slow Money Maine, ephethe imicimbi efana nabantu abanganikeza izikweletu noma izibonelelo kumabhizinisi akha uhlelo lokudla oluzinzile. Lokho kungase kusho indawo yokudlela ephethwe ngamalungu noma abavuni bezimila zasolwandle. Igqugquzelwe nguWoody Tasch, owayengunxiwankulu owasungula iSlow Money, iqembu leMaine lingelinye lama-spinoffs esifunda aphumelela kakhulu. Abanye abantu engqungqutheleni babike amaphrojekthi adonsa kanzima e-Ohio naseColorado. “Umxhasi uhlangana nomlimi. Umlimi uhlangana nesishayamthetho. Sinesikhathi esiningi sokuxhumana emihlanganweni yethu, ”kusho uRukin, umlimi we-organic oneminyaka engama-62 ubudala nonesizinda esingenzi nzuzo. “Sigqugquzele ukuhamba kwezigidi ezintathu zamaRandi … kanye nenani elingaziwa lokuqwashisa. Mayelana nezidingo zendlala, sisendaweni yesibili ezweni. Sihambisana ne-Alabama. Sifuna ukuthuthukisa inkundla yezokuxhumana.”
"Siqale ngokuhlangana kwabantu abangama-30 kanti sifinyelela kubantu abangama-450," kusho uRukin. "Ngamunye unikezwa imizuzu eyi-10 kuye kweyi-15 ukuthi asho ukuthi benzeni ... bese kukhala insimbi," kusho uJonathan Lee, isishoshovu saseBelfast, eMaine Slow Money. Uchaza lesi sigameko: “Abantu ezithamelini bavela ezisekelweni, uhulumeni…” Abanye osomabhizinisi abanekhono banikela ngesikhathi sabo.
UJonah Fertig, oyilungu lendawo yokudlela esebenzisana neSprouts exhaswe ngeSlow Money Maine, uthe nje, "Kusisizile ukuthi sixhumane nezinsiza ezahlukene kanye nabantu," okuhlanganisa nabanye "abalimi, abapheki, abalungisa ukudla..."
I-American Sustainable Business Association
Abantu abangaphikisani ngokusobala nonxiwankulu kunabantu abaningi abahlukile kwezomnotho abanye bezinto ezigxile ebhizinisini zenhlangano ye-New Economy elwela ukuguqula amathuluzi endabuko asekelwe ezimakethe ukuze bakhe izisusa eziya emikhubeni eqhubekayo, enobulungisa emphakathini. Noma ngezinye izikhathi bavele bazame ukwakha i-counterforce endaweni yokwamukela amabhizinisi amakhulu. "Izinqubomgomo ezihlinzeka ngezinzuzo zomphakathi zibizwa ngokuthi zimbi ebhizinisini," uDavid Levine, umqondisi ongumsunguli we-American Sustainable Business Association ubikele umbuthano wakwaBard. “Kwakuyisikhathi sokubuza, ‘Kubi ngebhizinisi likabani?’”
I-ASBA yasungulwa ngemuva kokukhethwa kukaMongameli Obama ukuze inikeze amandla okunxenxa futhi yakhe amandla ezepolitiki ezinqubomgomo ezibhekana nokushisa komhlaba kanye nokutshala imali ekukhuleni kwemisebenzi. "Lokho kusho ukuthi uvele phambi kwekomidi lezaMandla nezokuhwebelana bese usho ukuthi kungani imithethonqubo ibaluleke kakhulu ebhizinisini." Manje isixhumanisa izinhlangano zamabhizinisi endawo nezikhethekile eziyi-150 ezimele amalungu ayi-150,000. I-New Mexico Green Chamber of Commerce kanye nezinhlangano zamabhizinisi zabesifazane ziphakathi kwamalungu abo.
“Empeleni singakhiqiza amakhemikhali angenabo ubuthi. Singakwazi ukukhiqiza izinto ezikwazi ukugaywa kabusha,” kusho uLevine. “Simelene nani? Kuyisabelomali esiyizigidi ezingama- $200 se-U.S. Chamber of Commerce. Yize singase singabi nayo imali, singavela sibe nezwi.”
B-Izinkampani
Ukuzifela ngenzuzo nokukhula kuhambisana nezindleko ezingaveli ngezibalo. Ababambiqhaza bomphakathi nezinjongo azinakwa ezilinganisweni zebhizinisi, futhi izinkampani zithunjwe yi-Wall Street yesikhashana. Futhi imigomo ye-Wall Street ibhalwe emthethweni wezinkampani. Owake waba ngumhwebi wamabhondi uqhamuke nefomu elisha lebhizinisi, i-B-corporations, elivumela izinkampani ukuthi zihlolwe ngokusebenza kwazo kwezenhlalo, hhayi nje umnyombo wazo wezomnotho. Kusukela ngo-2010, imithetho evumela ama-B-corps yenziwe ezifundazweni eziyisishiyagalombili, muva nje e-Louisiana. Umsebenzi kaNathan Gilbert e-B-Lab, inhlangano engenzi nzuzo ezinze eNew York, uwukuwenza usabalale.
Osomaqhinga abacabanga ukuthi abatshalizimali bazokwenza ngokuzithandela izinqumo ezingcono uma bewazi umthelela wangempela wezinkampani futhi bakha ezinye izindlela ezifana ne-GIIRS, i-Global Impact Investing Rating System, ukuveza lokho amabhizinisi akwenzayo endaweni ezungezile, ukuvulwa kwamathuba emisebenzi, kanye nekhwalithi yemisebenzi.
Kodwa izinkampani ezingu-500 kuphela eziqashwe njengezinkampani zama-B, ikakhulukazi amafemu amancane. "Banemali eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu zamaRandi - leyo yimali ye-cappuccino kwa-Apple," kusho u-Allen K. White, iphini likamongameli weTellus, esinye isikhulumi. Noma kunjalo, uthe, “Ubunikazi bubalulekile. Inezinga lokuziphatha kanye nokusebenza.”
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, waveza, iningi lemisebenzi yezomnotho emhlabeni ilawulwa yizinkampani ezinkulu ze-1,000, ezingakaze zithintwe eziningi zale mibono kanye nokunyakaza kwendawo. URichard Branson waseNcasakazi kungenzeka ukuthi watshela uDavos, umbuthano wabaphezulu nabanamandla, ukuthi sibona “ukuphela konxiwankulu,” njengoba kwaphawula uWhite. Nangempela iSolidarity Economy neNew Economy iyaphikisana ngokuthi yini okumele ithathelwe indawo.
Izigxobo ziphezulu. Umlobi wezemvelo kanye nomkhankasi uBill McKibben wayekhona ukunikeza ingqungquthela umuzwa wokuphuthuma ukunqanda amandla okubhubhisa ezinkampani ngaphambi kokuthi umonakalo oseduze obangelwe ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu ungalungiseki. “Yiplanethi eshintshe kakhulu,” etshela ihholo elaligcwele phama. Ngenxa yokuxhumana kwethu, akwanele ukusebenza emiphakathini yethu yasekhaya. “Uma singayinakekeli le nkinga enkulu yomhlaba wonke, ngeke silibone ikusasa esisebenzela kulo sonke.
"Lena akuyona nje inkinga enkulu kodwa nayo iwukuziphatha," esho, ebika ngobhubhane lomkhuhlane wodenga asanda kubhekana nalo e-Bangladesh asinde lapho abantu abangondlekile befa. “Namuhla sifunde ukuthi le ntwasahlobo iyintwasahlobo embi kakhulu futhi iyingozi kakhulu. ISaudi Arabia yaba nesivunguvungu esishisa kakhulu esirekhodiwe kule planethi—ama-degree angu-109. Sakha indaba eqanjiwe yesayensi futhi angazi noma singayimisa yini.”
“Nazi izindaba ezinhle: Okuningi kwalokho okudingeka sikwenze ukuze sibhekane nokufudumala kwembulunga yonke nakho kuzosiza [abantu],” esho. Ngaleyo miyalo yokumasha, ibutho lakhe lenguquko lesigaba esiphakathi laphuma.
U-ABBY SCHER isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu kanye nentatheli eyayingumdidiyeli we-Dollars & Sense ngeminyaka yawo-1990. Manje useyi-D&S Associate kanye Nozakwethu Esikhungweni Sezifundo Zenqubomgomo.
SOURCES: UJuliet Schor, Umcebo Wangempela: Kanjani futhi Kungani Izigidi ZaseMelika Zakha Isikhathi Esicebile, Esikhanyayo Ngokwemvelo, Esincane, Umnotho Oweneliseke Kakhulu, Penguin, 2011; Bill Mckibben, Umhlaba: Ukwenza Impilo Eplanethini Entsha Enzima, New York Times, 2010; Costas Panayotakis, Ukulungisa Kabusha Ukushoda: Ukusuka Ekungasebenzini Kobunxiwankulu kuye kuNtando yeningi Yezomnotho, Pluto, 2011; UJames Gustave Speth, Ibhuloho Emaphethelweni Omhlaba: I-Capitalism, Imvelo, kanye Nokweqa Isuka Enhlekeleleni Kuya Ekusimameni, Yale University Press, 2008; UMarjorie Kelly, Ukuba Nekusasa Lethu: Inguquko Yobunikazi Abasafufusa, Berrett-Koehler, 2012; Tim Jackson, Ukuchuma ngaphandle Kokukhula: I-Economics for a Finite Planet, Earthscan, 2009; Gar Alperovitz, I-America ngale kwe-Capitalism: Ukubuyisela Ingcebo Yethu, Inkululeko Yethu, kanye Nentando Yethu Yeningi, Ukusebenzisana Kwentando Yeningi/Amadola & Sense, 2011; E. F. Schumacher, Okuncane Kuhle: Ezomnotho Njengokungathi Abantu Babalulekile, Harper & Row, 1973; Peter Victor, Ukuphatha Ngaphandle Kokukhula: Okuncane Ngokuklama Hhayi Inhlekelele, Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc. 2008; David Brancaccio, “Ukulungisa Ikusasa,” pbs.org; I-Democracy Collaborative, community-wealth.org; New Economics Institute, neweconomicsinstitute.org; I-New Economics Foundation, neweconomics.org; I-U.S. Federation of Worker Cooperatives, usworker.coop.
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