Eama-vents eGreece athathe inguquko emangazayo, futhi ukuhluleka kwezimali kusesangweni. Ngo-April 20, uhulumeni waseGreece wakhipha isimemezelo esiphoqelela iziphathimandla zendawo ukuba zibeke imali egcinwe eBhange LaseGreece.
Ezinsukwini ezimbili kamuva, uDimitris Mardas, isekela likangqongqoshe wezeziMali ophethe izimali zombuso, wamemezela ukuthi ama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-400 ayeshoda ukuze akhokhele izimpesheni namaholo ekupheleni kwenyanga. Emuva kwamahora ambalwa, uthe imali itholakele wathi usezama ukwenza imali egcinelwe imali. Kepha ngokusho kwemithombo, uMardas wazise amalungu ePhalamende laseSyriza emhlanganweni ngalo lolo suku ukuthi izinqolobane zombuso ngeke zikwazi ukukhokha zonke ngoMeyi.
Futhi lokho naphezu kokuthi, mayelana nokukhokhwa kwezikweletu, uMeyi kuyinyanga โelulaโ uma kuqhathaniswa, nama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-750 kuphela ngenxa ye-International Monetary Fund (IMF), kanye nezinye izigidi ezingu-400 zezinkokhelo zenzalo.
NgoJuni kuzoba nzima kakhulu, ngo-โฌ 1.5 billion ngenxa ye-IMF, ama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-700 ezikhungweni zaseYurophu, kanye nezinkokhelo zenzalo eyizigidi ezingu-500. Akungabazeki ukuthi umthwalo awuphenduleki.
I-Blackmail Iyaqina
TI-European Central Bank (ECB) inyuse kancane i-Emergency Liquidity Assist (ELA), kodwa yaxoxa ngokuthi kungenzeka kunqandwe uxhaso lwamabhange aseGreece ngale kwalokho. Engxoxweni ebiseWashington ngo-Ephreli 18, ilungu lomkhandlu we-ECB UVitas Vasiliauskas uthe, "Isimo saseGreece sisho ukuthi kufanele sibe nomkhawulo kuze kube yihlobo le-ELA. Wonke umuntu uyaqonda ukuthi kusho ukuthini i-ELA; kuyisinyathelo sesikhashana ukunikeza amabhange imali.โ
Kodwa isampula elimele kakhulu lemibono yezikhungo ezimbili ezinkulu zaseYurophu ezibambe cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zezikweletu zamaGreki, i-ECB kanye ne-European Stability Mechanism (ESM), zitholakala izingxoxo ezinikeziwe ngo-April 22 nguKlaus Regling, umqondisi ophethe we-ESM, kanye UBenoรฎt Coeurรฉ, ilungu lebhodi eliphezulu le-ECB.
Bobabili bazwakalisa umugqa onzima kakhulu ngeGreece, benqaba izimfuno ezimbili ezibalulekile zikahulumeni waseGreece esigabeni samanje sezingxoxo: akukho nkokhelo yezigidigidi eziyi-1.9 zamarandi iGreece enegunya layo ngaphambi โkokuphothulwa kokubuyekezwa,โ okusho ukuhambisana nemithetho. uhlobo โlwezinguqukoโ oluphikiswa uhlangothi lwamaGreki (lesi samba sihambisana nenzuzo eyenziwe ngamabhondi esikweletu saseGreece futhi kufanele ibuyiselwe eGreece, ngokwemibandela yohlelo lwe-SMP lwe-ECB, kusukela ngoFebhuwari). Futhi ayikho "indlela ehamba kancane" yezinguquko, njengoba kuhlongozwe uNgqongqoshe Wezezimali waseGreece u-Yanis Varoufakis ukuvumela iGrisi ukuthi ithole imali ngaphambi kukaJuni nokwenza lula isivumelwano.
Esikhundleni salokho, "uhlu olubanzi lwezinguquko" luyadingeka, okufanele lubandakanye ukuhoxiswa okuqhubekayo kwemakethe yezemisebenzi kanye nokwehliswa kwempesheni, "imigqa ebomvu" emibili amaGreki ayengeke ayibone inqanyulwa.
U-Regling wahamba kakhulu kuno-Coeurรฉ: ephawula ngokuthi kungenzeka yini "i-Grexit," okusho ukuthi iGreece ishiya i-eurozone, washo ngomoya ophansi ukuthi lesi "akusona isimo esiyisisekelo. Kodwa uma kungenzeka futhi sisebenze kanzima kakhulu ukukugwema, khona-ke ngicabanga ukuthi kungaba nokungaqiniseki okuningi ngoba asinalo uhlobo lokuhlangenwe nakho okufanayo.โ Wanezela ukuthi โYebo bekuzolawuleka kakhulu kuneminyaka emihlanu noma eyisithupha edlule ngoba sinezikhungo ezintsha, i-EFSF, i-ESM, amanye amazwe asendaweni ye-euro enze intuthuko enkulu yokulungisa njenge-Ireland, iPortugal, iSpain.โ
U-Regling uphinde waphikisana ngokusobala nezinhlelo zamanje zikahulumeni waseGreece zokunciphisa izintela ezithile nokwandisa umholo omncane nezimpesheni, ethi lokhu kufana โnokuhlehlaโ futhi kubeka izingxoxo engozini. Ngaphezu kwalokho ukubeke kwacaca ukuthi ukungaboni ngaso linye kuyajula njengoba uhulumeni waseGreece ecabanga ukuthi indlela yabanduleli bayo iyiphutha, kanti ngokusho kwakhe, "isu belisebenza." Uthi: โLo mehluko awukaxazululwa.
Uphethe ngokuhlekisa ngombono wokuthi abakweletayo bangase โbahlehle ngoba bengafuni umcimbi wezikweletu, noma ingozi,โ ethi โizinqubo zethu zokuboleka imali zicace kakhulu, futhi zisekelwe kahle kakhulu. Zixhunywe nemibandela, kubhalwe ngokucacile esivumelwaneni se-ESM. Sidinga isinqumo esivumelana ngazwi linye sabanikazi bamasheya bethu kanye nokugunyazwa kwamaphalamende ayisithupha e-EU, futhi amaphalamende azohlola ngokucophelela ukuthi umbandela - okuyisidingo esibalulekile - uyafinyelelwa yini."
Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi i-hypothesis yokuthi naphezu kwezimemezelo zabo ezesabekayo abaseYurophu bazokwenza ekupheleni kosuku ukuvuma futhi, ucaphuna Varoufakis, โukuvuma amaphutha abo,โ yilelo elamukelwe kuze kube manje, okungenani esidlangalaleni, uhulumeni waseGrisi. Kodwa umsindo ovela ohlangothini lwabakweletwayo ukhomba kokuthile okuhluke kakhulu: noma ngabe i-Syriza iyakwamukela ukuqhubeka nenqubomgomo yememorandamu, noma kuzodingeka ibekezelele kuze kube sekupheleni imiphumela yokuklinywa okuqhubekayo.
Ngaphandle Abangane
TUkuhlukaniswa kukahulumeni waseGreece kuye kwabonakala nakakhulu ngemuva kwezitatimende zakamuva zikaMongameli Obama kanye noNobhala woMgcinimafa waseMelika uJack Lew. ekhuthaza uhulumeni waseGrisi ukuthi wehle ngokushesha endleleni โyezinguqukoโ futhi uhambisane nezimfuno zabakweletayo.
Ubudlelwano ne-US buye bawohloka selokhu kwathatha isinqumo sikahulumeni waseGreece sokuvumela uSavvas Xiros namanye amalungu eqembu lomzabalazo elihlomile ngoNovemba 17 ukuthi bagwetshwe sonke isigwebo sabo ejele, ngokuvumelana nomthetho osanda kushaywa ejele. uguquko. I-US iphendule ngokuqinile kulokho abakubheka "ukukhulula amaphekula," naphezu kokuthi i-Xiros inempilo ebuthaka kakhulu.
Kusobala ngokuphelele ukuthi sisondela ngokushesha โesikhathini seqiniso.โ
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ithemba lokukhululeka ngokushesha okuvela eRussia, ngenxa yokuvakasha kwakamuva kukaNdunankulu waseGreece u-Alexis Tsipras eMoscow, kubonakala sengathi sekuphelile. Isivumelwano sepayipi legesi obekulindeleke ukuthi sisayinwe kuleli sonto, kanye nemali etholwayo yesikhathi esizayo yama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-5, sagcina sihlehlisiwe ngemuva kokukhishwa kukaTspiras. behlangana nomongameli weGazprom e-Athene ngo-Ephreli 21.
Kungase kungabi ngengozi ukuthi ukuhlehla kweRussia kwenzeke ngalo lolo suku i-EU yethula ukuhlasela okusemthethweni kwe-Gazprom ngamacala angabazisayo "okuhlukumeza izimakethe" kanye "nokwephula imithetho ye-EU trust."
Izinketho eziya Phambili
AKulesi sigaba, izinketho ezisele kuhulumeni waseSyriza zibonakala zilinganiselwe kulezi ezintathu ezilandelayo.
- โIsimo esihle,โ leso esathandwa uhulumeni waseGreece, siwukuthi abaseYurophu bazokwenza isivumelwano, futhi ukuvumelana kuzofinyelelwa maduze nje. Nokho, njengomongameli we-IMF kwacaca, ukuze kutholwe ama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-7.2 kulesi sivumelwano sebhuloho sezinyanga ezine, iGreece idinga ukuthola โisibuyekezoโ esihle futhi ivumelane ngokugcwele โnezinguqukoโ okuvunyelwene ngazo nabangaphambi kwayo. Kunoma yikuphi, lokhu kungenzeka sekuvele kukhishwe ngokucacile nguMongameli weKhomishana yaseYurophu uJean-Claude Juncker, ungqongqoshe wezeziMali waseJalimane uWolfgang Schรคuble nabanye, abenze izitatimende eziphindaphindiwe kulezi zinsuku zokugcina bethi ukuphela komnqamulajuqu okuzocatshangelwa manje kunguJuni 30, futhi. ukuthi akukho mali ezodluliselwa eGreece ngaphambi kokuthi "inkululโ โ ngamanye amazwi, elinye โiphakethe lokutakulaโ eliza nezimo ezijwayelekile.
- Uhulumeni waseGrisi uyayeka. Lokhu kuyinhloso esobala yabaseYurophu. Kodwa engxoxweni yakamuva neReuters, uTsipras wakwenza kwacaca ukuthi kukhona โukungaboni ngaso linye kwezombusazwe, hhayi kwezobuchwephesheโ ezindabeni ezine ezibalulekile: umthetho wezabasebenzi, ukuguqulwa kwempesheni, ukwenyuka kwezintela zenani elingeziwe, kanye nokwenza okuyimfihlo, akubiza ngokuthi โukuthuthukiswa kwendawo kahulumeniโ kunokuthengiswa kwempahla. Ukwenza isivumelwano ngalokho okubalulekile kuzolingana nokuzinikela kanye nokuzibulala kwezepolitiki kweSyriza.
- Uhulumeni waseGreece awukhokhi isikweletu. Phakathi ku ingxoxo yamuva ne Huffington Post, uVaroufakis uthe uma uhulumeni kufanele akhethe phakathi kokukhokha abakweletayo nokukhokha amaholo nezimpesheni, uzobeka phambili inketho yesibili. Kodwa-ke ukukhetha okunjalo kusho ukugqashuka okunqumayo nokuphuma ku-eurozone (isimo semali ephindwe kabili ngaphakathi kwe-euro asikwazi ukuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto ambalwa ngokungcono kakhulu).
Inkinga lapha ukuthi ukwehluleka ukukhokha ngoMeyi kusho ukungakhokhi inkokhelo ye-IMF, futhi lokhu kungafaka izinkinga ezinkulu ezingeni lezohwebo (i-IMF ingathatha unswinyo oluzokwenza ukufinyelela ezikweletini ezizimele zohwebo kucishe kungenzeki). I-Greece kufanele ikhokhe imali ebolekiwe ye-ECB/EFSF, kodwa lezi zinkokhelo zizokhokhwa ehlobo futhi kubonakala kucishe kungenzeki ukuzibamba kuze kube yileso sikhathi.
Ukulungiselela Ukuphikisana
It akwenzeki kulesi sigaba ukwakha ukuthi yiziphi izimo ezimbili zokugcina, okuwukuphela kwazo ezingokoqobo, ezizophumelela. Izimpawu ezithunyelwe nguhulumeni kula masonto adlule ziya ngokuya ziphikisana: ngakolunye uhlangothi, ithoni ebusayo eyokuzethemba nethemba lokuthi kungenzeka kufinyelelwe esivumelwaneni esizokwenza "ukuvumelana okuqothoโ osekuyinhloso ka-Alexis Tsipras manje.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ongqongqoshe abasondelene noTsipras, njengoNgqongqoshe Wezangaphakathi u-Nikos Voutsis kanye noNgqongqoshe Wezabasebenzi uPanos Skourletis, wenza izitatimende njengokuthi โsingathanda ukuhlala emkhunjini obizwa ngokuthi i-Europe, kodwa uma ukapteni esiphushela phezu komkhumbi, kudingeka sizame ukubhukuda.โ
Ngendlela efanayo, iPhini likaNgqongqoshe wezeziMali U-Euclid Tsakalotos umemezele ngoMashi 26 ukuthi โuma ungajabulisi ukuthi kungenzeka kube noqhekeko ngemuva kwengqondo yakho, khona-ke kusobala ukuthi abakweletwayo bazodlula ezinyathelweni ezifanayo njengoba benza [kuhulumeni] wangaphambili.โ
Kuphinde kwenziwa izitatimende eziphikisanayo ngodaba lwereferendamu uma kwenzeka kubhuntsha izinhlelo zezingxoxo. Isinyathelo esinjalo sibonakala sidingekile njengoba kuyiqiniso ukuthi igunya le-Syriza alikubheki lokho okungenzeka futhi lisekelwe ngokusobala emcabangweni wokwephula i-austerity ngenkathi uhlala e-euro.
Ezitatimendeni zakamuva, ongqongqoshe abakhulu abanjengo I-Varoufakis futhi Alekos Flabouraris, ongungqongqoshe wezwe futhi osondelene no-Tsipras, ubhekisele kulokho okungenzeka, kuphela okuphikiswa ezinye izibalo zaseSyriza ezifana nelungu lePhalamende laseYurophu, UDimitris Papadimoulis.
Isimo sombono womphakathi sibonisa lokhu kungaqiniseki. Isasasa nomoya wokulwa emasontweni amathathu okuqala manje sekuvuleleke esithombeni esixubile: ukwesekwa kwamasu kahulumeni kusephezulu, kodwa kungaphansi kakhulu kwezinga lawo izinyanga ezedlule. Kunokuthula emigwaqweni.
Ukugqugquzelwa kwakamuva kubonakala kukhawulelwe emikhakheni ethile (isizinda se-anarchist kanye nemiphakathi yendawo ngokumelene nokumbiwa kwegolide e-Skouries, eNyakatho neGreece) kanye nemiphumela yako ephikisanayo: isiyaluyalu se-anarchist sasheshisa ivoti ephalamende lomthethosivivinywa okhulula izimo zokuboshwa futhi uqede โ ukuphepha okuphezuluโ umbuso wejele.
Kodwa isimo sibukeka sidideke kakhulu e-Skouries, njengoba amaphoyisa ejikela ababhikishi kanye nabasebenzi bezimayini zegolide abamasha e-Athens beyokweseka ukuqhubeka nokumbiwa, besekelwa kakhulu abaqashi babo abangaphansi kweCanada kanye namaqembu aphikisayo angakwesokudla.
Isici esiyinhloko esibhebhezela lesi simo esinezinkinga, nokho, iqiniso lokuthi ukwesatshiswa endikimbeni ethi "Grexit" kuhlala kungaphikiswa ezingeni lombono obanzi womphakathi. Abaphikisi abaphiko lwesokudla kanye nabezindaba abajwayelekile, baya ngokuya benobutha kuhulumeni futhi besebenzisa zonke izingxabano ezingaba khona ukuze baphokophele ekuzinikeleni ngokugcwele, bahlobanise ikhefu ne-eurozone ne-apocalypse - njengoba benzile ngokungakhathali kusukela kuqale le nkinga.
Kodwa impendulo ngasohlangothini lukahulumeni ivame ukuthi lo mbono uzogwenywa ngenxa โyokuvumelana okuqothoโ lapho abaseYurophu kuzofanele bavumelane ngakho ekugcineni. Akuyona inkulumo, ukusho okuncane, engahlanganisa isisekelo se-Syriza futhi ilungiselele umphakathi ukuthi uzohlukana ne-Europe.
Njengoba iQembu LamaKhomanisi lisabambelele ngokuqinile ekuphikisaneni kwamahlelo, nonobhala jikelele walo ememezela ukuthi lizokwenza. yenqaba noma yikuphi ukwesekwa kuhulumeni ngisho noma kwenzeka ikhefu nge-eurozone, kanye kude kwesokunxele U-Antarsya ephinda ukuthi uhulumeni usuvele uzinikele, kungumthwalo wesandla sikaSyriza ukuphakamisa indlela enengqondo kuphela engagwema ukwehluleka: ukubamba ngokuqinile emgqeni wokubhekana ne-EU futhi ulungiselele ukunyakaza okuthandwayo kanye nomphakathi wamaGreki kabanzi ukuze uqalise. umzila ohluke kakhulu, kokubili ezingeni lasekhaya kanye nasemhlabeni jikelele.
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