โUkushisekela izwe, emigwaqweni, kwakuwumbono oqhelelene kakhulu, futhi ngaso leso sikhathi wenqatshwa njengokufanelekela izakhamuzi kuphela, noma iziboshwa.โ - URobert Graves, Hamba Kahle Kukho Konke Lokho (1929).
Ngingomunye wabanenhlanhla. Ukushiya ubuhlanya bempilo Yamasosha ngempesheni enesizotha futhi zonke izitho zami ziqinile kuzwakala njengokuphunyuka kwangempela. Sobabili mina noButho sasazi ukuthi kwase kuyisikhathi sokuba ngihambe. Ngase ngikhathele ukuthwala amanzi ombuso futhi base bekhathele ukubhekana neyami izihloko eziphikisanayo futhi ngibeke umthethosivivinywa wezokwelapha zami ze-PTSD ezibonakala zingapheli. Manje, ngiyinkinga yomphakathi, ngingene ezweni elingekho emthethweni engingakaze ngilibuke ngamehlo abantu abadala.
Ngangena eWest Point ngoJulayi 2001, inkathi edlule (yesihlobo) sokuthula, umzuzu, ongathi, ngaphambi kokuba kuqubuke isiphepho sango-9/11. Ngishiya Ibutho Lezempi elihlala libambe iqhaza ezimpini zomhlaba wonke, ligada ngokuqhubekayo kwezempi Umhlaba.
Ngandlela thize, ngeqa ebuthweni lezempi lapho ngineminyaka engu-35 ubudala, ukuthatha kwami โโumhlalaphansi ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwaba isiphetho esihlazisayo. kanye-ethembisayo umsebenzi. Ungalenzi iphutha, bengifuna ukuphuma. Ngangithuthile izikhathi ezingu-11 eminyakeni engu-18, ngokuvamile ngokwanele ezindaweni zempi, futhi ngangingenakho okunye ukuthunyelwa kimi. Noma kunjalo, bengingeke ngithembeke uma ngingavumanga ukuthi ngizokhalela ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi wami, ubunikazi obutholakala emasosheni, ngolwazi lokudunyiswa okuvela emphakathini onokwazisa (uma ungenalwazi).
Mhlawumbe lokho kungokwemvelo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukungena kwe-hokey kungiphoxa kangakanani. Ngiyabona, okungenani, ukuthi kunendida emsebenzini lapha: Ibutho Lezempi kanye Nempi Yomhlaba Wonke Yamaphekula (GWOT) kungenze ngaba yikho manje, kwaletha inguqulo yami entsha ekuphileni, futhi yangipha isipho (uma lokho kuyibinzana elifanele. ngento ebuhlungu kakhulu) ngezindaba, inkundla, kanye nobuhlungu okwenza ukubhala kwami โโkube nokwenzeka. Lokho kuthunyelwa kwezempi e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan ikakhulukazi kwashintsha i-neocon eyayisafufusa yaba inqubekela phambili engashayi eceleni. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwami โโlapho kuguqule umuntu ongavikelekile, ofuna ukuthengisa ngodlame abe umuntu ongase abe seduze njengoba indoda yangaphambili yezempi ingathola ku-pacifist. Futhi lokho okwangisiza Ibutho Lase-US ukuba ngibe ngumuntu othi, ekugcineni, anginankinga nokubuka esibukweni njalo ekuseni.
Ngabe kufanele ngibonge iButho? Mhlawumbe kunjalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lesi sikhungo saba nomonakalo ongakanani emqondweni wami nakunembeza wami phakathi neminyaka edlule. Kunzima, nokho, ukubonga umshini wempi obulale abantu abaningi kangaka ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile zomhlaba ngokungenza ngibe yikho. Futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngangizitshela kangakanani ukuthi ngihlukile, iqiniso liwukuthi nganginesandla kokuningi kwalokho isikhathi eside.
Ngandlela thize, ngiyazibuza ukuthi ingabe into efana nokuxolisa, kunokuba isitatimende sokuziqhenya ngokuthi ngingubani, iyona ndlela efaneleke kakhulu yokuvalelisa kukho konke lokho. Noma kunjalo, yonke indaba ingeyami, inzima, inhle, i-banal, futhi ihlasimulisa umzimba. Impi, udlame, nobandlululo - njengoba ngikwenzile ezibhaliwe - yizono zaseMelika zokuqala futhi, uma ngibheka emuva, kubonakala kimi ukuthi zingase zibe ezami futhi. Kulowo mongo, nakuba manje sengithathe umhlalaphansi ngokusemthethweni, ngicabanga ngalokhu njengesiqephu sami sokugcina esibhalwe njengomphikisi wezempi okhuthele - ukuhlanzwa komoya - ngaphambi kokudlulela empilweni yobushoshovu, kanye nempilo yamagama engahlomile. .
Engingeke Ngikuphuthe
Sekuyisikhathi sokuvalelisa kuhide lwembudane engayibona esikhungweni ebenginikele kuso impilo yami yobudala. Abanye ontanga, imbala abangani, bangase babize lokhu kuhlubuka - indawo yokuwasha engcolile yangaphambili yokunganeliseki - futhi mhlawumbe ngandlela thize kunjalo. Noma kunjalo, engikubonile emayunithi ahlukene okulwa, engxoxweni nezikhulu eziphezulu, futhi njengomuntu othuthumelayo, kanye nomlingisi, izindaba ezimbili ezingcolile zezimpi. Ngalokho, ngisaqiniseka.
Ngakho-ke nakhu ukuvalelisa kwami โโโโokusemthethweni kukho konke lokho, embuthweni wezempi kanye nesizwe esibambe iqhaza ezimpini zaphakade zase-Orwellian kanye namasosha ahamba ngezinyawo aqeqeshelwe ukwenza konke kwenzeke, kuyilapho ingxenye esele yezwe isebenza, i-tweet, ithenga, futhi walala (ngawo wonke umqondo wegama).
Sanibonani abakhulu ababefuna ukuba ngamakholoneli kanye namakholoneli ababefuna ukuba ojenene - nganoma iziphi izindleko. Kubantu bezenhlalakahle abakhuphuke ezinhlwini ngokunyathela imiphefumulo yamasosha abo athwele kanzima, bahweba izimpilo zabo ukuze bathole amaqhuqhuva amancane ezibalo kanye nokumbambathwa ihlombe kubaphathi abanolaka.
Sanibonani ojenene ababehola njengabakhulu, ababewazi amaqhinga kodwa ababengakwazi ukuphila kwabo konke ukucabanga ngendlela ehlakaniphile, befakazela ingunaphakade. Peter Isimiso ngokufanele ngakho konke ukukhushulwa okudlule amazinga abo okungafaneleki.
Isikhathi eside kakhulu kubaphathi befulegi bakholelwa ukuthi lokho okusebenzayo ezingeni leqembu - ukuqina ngokomzimba, i-esprit de corps, nokusebenzisana kweqembu - kuzowina ukunqoba ezingeni lamasosha kanye nesigaba emazweni akude, angaphandle.
Ngivalelise ojenene engangisebenza ngaphansi kwabo abaphonseka ngokungenamahloni eWashington umnyango ojikelezayo, behweba ngemifaniswano yabo enezinkanyezi eziningi ukuze bathole ama-gig ezinkampani anamanani ayisithupha nesikhombisa emabhodini abakhiqizi bezikhali, owaziwa ngokuthi โ abathengisi bokufaโ (njengoba zaziwa ezikhathini ezikude), futhi zasiza kanjalo ukuphakela ukudla okungacimekiyo kwesilo sezempi nezimboni.
Valelisani ojenene abaphezulu, ababambelele kulokho abakubiza ngokuthi โumzila waboโ kangangokuthi babengazimisele (noma ngokwengqondo engakwazi) ukweluleka abenzi bemithetho yezakhamuzi mayelana nemishini eyayingasoze yafezwa, ababevaleleke ebhokisini le-GWOT kangangokuthi babengakwazi ukwenqaba. kusiphakamiso esisodwa esivela kumasosha e-chickenhawk e-Hill noma eHhovisi le-Oval.
Sanibonani kwabazinikele ezenzweni ezihlukile zaseMelika abagcwalise izikhundla zeButho Lezempi, abashumayeli abaqinile benkolo yomphakathi ababekholelwa ukuthi kwakukhona umMelika oyimfihlo kuwo wonke ama-Arab noma ama-Afghan, alungele ukuqhuma ngokuphonseka okuncane okuvela ku-bayonet enomusa kaMalume Sam.
I-Ciao iqondise izikhulu zabasebenzi ezithathe โizilinganiso zokusebenzaโ (ukwenza izinto eziningi) โnjengezinyathelo zokusebenza ngempumeleloโ (ukwenza kwesokudla izinto). Ngeke ngiphuthelwe ama-gaggles of majors and colonels abafuna โokuphumayoโ okulinganisekayo - izinombolo zokugada eziqediwe, izinombolo zezindlu eziseshwayo, ukubalwa kwamaslayidi e-PowerPoint ashicilelwe - okaputeni asebevele bagcwele umsebenzi kanye namasosha ababewahola futhi abangasoze bafunda umehluko phakathi kokwenza okuningi nokwenza kahle.
Sanibonani kubaphathi bamabutho nabasezikhundleni ababevele begcwele izandla bengaphumelelanga โukuthulisaโ zonke izifunda nezifundazwe emazweni angaphandle, nokho bebonakala bekhathazeke kakhulu ngokuhlanzeka kwemifaniswano yamasosha kanye nezikhathi zokugijima kwamamayela amabili zamayunithi abo, bebeka phambili ukuqina komzimba. ngaphezu kwamakhono ahlakaniphile, uzwela, noma izimiso zokuziphatha.
I-Godspeed ku-conservatism evame ukungabekezeleli kanye nobuKristu bevangeli bungena ezinhlwini.
Sanibonani ojenene bezwakalisa amazwi abo, ngisagqoke umfaniswano, ezinhlanganweni zenkolo, enye yazo eyaze yaba i u-superintendent waseWest Point, futhi okubi kakhulu washaywa ngezimpama esihlakaleni ngalokho. (Futhi sisalapho, nali igagasi lokuvalelisa kubo bonke labo befundisi, okucatshangwa ukuthi abasekeli balo lonke uhlobo lwamasosha, ababevame ukuphetha imikhuleko yabo ngokuthi โegameni likaJesu, amen.โ Kakhulu ngokwehlukana kwebandla nesifundazwe. .)
Valelisa ku-cis-gender patriarchy esadlangile kanye (evusa inkanuko ngendlela exakile) ne-homophobia efaka amasosha ase-US. Impela, โungabuzi, ungatsheliโ kuyinto ye esidlule, kodwa Ibutho lihlala liyikilabhu (eqondile) yabafana futhi akuyona indawo elula yezitabane ezisobala, kuyilapho umongameli esazimisele ukuvimbela transgender enlistees. Futhi nango-2019, eyodwa kwezine abesifazane basabika okungenani ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi okukodwa phakathi nohambo lwakhe lwezempi lomsebenzi. Kunjani lokho ngenqubekelaphambili yomphakathi?
Kuze kube yisikhathi eside odlakela be-adrenaline kanye nezinto ezicashunwe ngamandla phezu kwamayunithi amaningi okulwa, abantu ababephilela udlame, ukuxhamazela kokuhlasela kwasebusuku ngaphandle kokucabanga ngemiphumela yabo evame ukuphikisa negazi. Kuyimpumuzo ukubashiya ngemuva njengoba beqhubeka - iziboshwa ze-counterinsurgency, noma i-COIN, Izibalo - ukuphakela izihlubuki ezilwa ne-US ngokushesha kakhulu kunokubulala "amaphekula."
Sanibonani izikhulu, ikakhulukazi ojenene, ababeka โumsebenziโ ngaphezu kwezimiso zokuziphatha.
Sayonara kulabo abenza โabafelโ ukholoโ njengoMkhuzi wangaphambili uJames โMad Dogโ Mattis, iqhawe ukusula emsebenzini njengonobhala wezokuvikela esikhundleni sokusebenzisa (ukuhefuzela!) ukuhoxa kwamasosha ezimpini zethu ezingapheli eSyria nase-Afghanistan. (Mayelana nempi esekelwa yiPentagon eYemen eyabulawa indlala okungenani 85,000 izingane, ngokusobala wayekhona esihle ngalokho.)
Toodle-oo kwabangenamuntu, โngiyabonga-ngenkonzo-yakhoโ izincomo ezivela kubantu abavamile abangazinaki izindaba zamasosha, inqubomgomo yezangaphandle, kanye nezimpi zethu zaphakade, ezingalokothi zicabange ukubeka izingxabano eziyinhlekelele zezwe phezulu nokunakekelwa kwezempilo ohlwini lwezinto ezibalulekile zonyaka wokhetho.
Ukuhlukana kuwusizi olumnandi uma kukhulunywa ngezizinda ze-neo-Confederate kanye nokuhalalisela kwamasosha namaphoyisa amaningi kakhulu, i-academy yezempi osenomgwaqo u-Robert E. Lee oshayela kuwo usuka endaweni ye-Lee Housing Area uya e-Lee Barracks, ingxenye yeButho okuthiwa okungenani izisekelo zayo ze-stateside eziyi-10 ngemuva kojenene be-Confederate.
Valelisa i-Islamophobia edlangile ezinhlwini kanye nabaholi abenza okuncane kakhulu ukulwa nayo, ezinhlangeni ezivamile mayelana nama-Arabhu nama-Afghan, okuhlanganisa "ama-haji," "amakhanda angama-rag," "ama-jockies," noma "ama-sand niggers." Yeka indlela yokuzuza โizinhliziyo nezingqondoโ zamaSulumane!
I-Ta-ta ekuxabaneni kwe-hyper-capitalism kanye ne-Ayn Randian fiscal conservatism phakathi kwezikhulu zesikhungo sezwe sezenhlalakahle, amasosha. Ngibale njengogulayo ongqondongqondo abangamanga befunda izincwadi zosomnotho uFriedrich Hayek noMilton Friedman e-Iraq noma ontanga yabo abangahlakaniphile kangako bezungeza imiqulu ka-Ann Coulter, uSean Hannity, noma u-Glenn Beck, sonke lesi sikhathi bejabulela inkokhelo yabo exhaswe esidlangalaleni. -ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okuncane kukahulumeni.
Adieu ohlelweni lwezobulungiswa lwezempi olukhulula amasosha enza amacala "ahlobene notshwala" noma "ukuchama" ngensangu ngenkathi engavamile ukuphenya indima yeButho njengembangela yokulutha kwawo - futhi isikhathi eside kanye nokwelashwa ngokweqile. imodeli yokubhekana nokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa osekuqala ukushintsha manje.
Sala kahle ekulweni phakathi kwebutho lezempi, iNavy, kanye ne-Air Force ngezimali nemishini kanye nalabo โIzimpi zePentagonโ ezibeka kuqala ukwethembeka egatsheni lakho lenkonzo kunokwethembeka esizweni noma kuMthethosisekelo.
Sobonana kamuva, uma kufikwa emibonweni engabikezelwa yebutho lojenene abathathe umhlalaphansi kancane Izindaba zekhebula zamahora angu-24 abathembele esimeni sabo somphakathi ukuthi bathengise abantu baseMelika izibhamu eziningi kanye nezempi.
Kude kakhulu ekuhlakanipheni kwamanga kwamadoda afana nangaphambili "ukuphakamaโ ujenene uDavid Petraeus kanye nebutho lakhe le-sycophantic โizindela ezingamaqhawe"Futhi COINdinistas abangakaze babone inkinga lapho amaqhinga athuthukisiwe okulwa nabavukeli abengeyona impendulo futhi abakwazi ukungabaza ukusebenza kwamandla, ukungenelela, kanye nomsebenzi njengezindlela zokushintsha imiphakathi eyinkimbinkimbi ibe ngcono.
Valelisa ukuziqhenya nokwazisa abaholi bezempi abakubeka emihlobiso ekha phezulu - amapheshi namabheji nezindondo - kunezikhathi zangempela ezifezwe umgomo. (Ungawubambeli umoya ulinde ngisho noyedwa umkhuzi omkhulu ukuba avume ukuthi amabutho akhe amoshe isikhathi sawo, noma okubi nakakhulu, phakathi nokuthunyelwa kwawo unyaka wonke kwenye yezindawo ezikude zempi yaseMelika.)
Ngijabulele ukuvumelana okukhona phakathi kwezikhulu zase-US zokuthi abalingani bethu be-NATO โabayizeโ noma โbabuthakaโ ngoba abanalo udlame ngokwanele ekuthatheni imisebenzi ethile noma izinhlobo ezithile zokugada, kuyilapho belwela futhi ngezinye izikhathi befela izinto ezibalulekile emhlabeni kaMalume Sam. (Lona umbhedo oholele ekutheni kuvinjelwe ama-fries aseFrance futhi โinkululeko friesโ wasebenza endaweni yokudlela yeCongress ngemuva kokuba iFrance ibe nenyongo yokuphikisa ukuhlasela kweWashington e-Iraq ngo-2003.)
Salani kahle kumakholoneli nojenene abakhuluma emicimbini yomngcwabo yamasosha abangawazi nhlobo ukuze โbaphinde banikeleโ abasindile emsebenzini ongapheli osusondele.
Kuvalelisa amasosha kanye nezikhulu ezihlala njalo bekhononda ukuthi Imithetho Yezempi Yokusebenzisana yayiqine kakhulu - njengokungathi unya, ukuqhuma kwamabhomu, kanye nokucisha umlilo (ngokukhathazeka okuncane ngezakhamuzi) bekuyoletha ukunqoba - kanye nokucabangela ngemuva kwezikhalo ezinjalo ukuthi abantu baseMelika banelungelo lokuhola. izimpi zokukhetha phesheya kwezilwandle.
Isikhathi eside kangaka ku-chauvinism emazingeni aphezulu egomela uhlobo oluthile lwelungelo lobumesiya baseMelika kanye nomgomo wamaphoyisa omhlaba, dot it ngezisekelo, futhi inikeze amasosha ayo imvume yokuzulazula emadolobhaneni nasezindleleni zezifunda ezizimele njengokungathi ezazo.
Abasebenzi baseMelika baye bakholelwa enganekwaneni yabo: ukuthi ngempela bakha isigaba esikhethekile ngaphezu kwenu nonke izakhamuzi ezincane - futhi manje, nami, nami. Ngale ndlela, amadoda ezempi empeleni abonisa izindinganiso zomphakathi ezinobuthi. Bambalwa ababuza ukuthi kungani bengekho othisha, abahlengikazi, nosonhlalakahle ihlonishwe njengamasosha ase-US ezinkundleni zemidlalo ezihlonishwayo zaseMelika. Izinceku zeqiniso - njengoba thina masosha, eminyakeni yami yenkonzo, sasikuthanda kakhulu ukuziqamba - kufanele sinamathele ekuzithobeni futhi siqaphele ukuthi kunezinye, izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuchitha ukuphila komuntu.
Futhi lapha, ekugcineni, yilokho engingakwazi ukuvalelisa kukho: umphakathi osuqakathekisa amaqhawe awo ngaphezu kwawo wonke amanye.
I-Farewell Coda
Ngakho-ke lo mphathi we-Army osethathe umhlalaphansi kufanele enzeni ngakho konke? Iqiniso elingalungile mhlawumbe lincane kakhulu. Mancane amathuba okuthi noma yini engizoyibhala izoshintsha imiqondo eminingi noma ithinte inqubomgomo nganoma iyiphi indlela. Eshumini leminyaka elilandela iMpi Yezwe I, lapho uMajor General Smedley Butler, owaba mkhulu kunabo bonke ihlotshisiwe UMane wangesikhathi sakhe, wathatha ipeni ukuze adalule izinkinga zempi yezinkampani zesitayela saseMelika, yena (ngokungafani nami) wenza ukuchaphazeka kweqiniso. Njenganamuhla, nokho, umshini wokungenelela waseMelika usanda kuqala. Manje yiliphi ithuba umphathi wangaphambili wezempi analo lokuhambisa inaliti kwezempi yase-US?
Manje ngimatasa kulokhu okuncane okukhona kwenhlangano emelene nempi kuleli zwe. Lokho kwakuyingxenye yobuhlakani besinqumo sikaMongameli uRichard Nixon sokubhuqa ngo-1973, okwalandela iminyaka eminingi yokulwa nempi kuleli zwe kanye nasezweni. Amasosha ase-US uqobo ngesikhathi seVietnam, ukuze ekupheleni okusalungiswa. Washintsha ibutho lezakhamuzi wafaka ibutho lamavolontiya. Ngokuguqula amasosha abe yisigaba sochwepheshe, uhlobo lwasekhaya ibutho langaphandle, esikhundleni somthwalo wemfanelo waso sonke isakhamuzi, ngokuguqula izikhulu zayo zibe izigaba ezingazodwa, ezidla imbuya ngothi, waqinisekisa ngokuphumelelayo ukuthi umphakathi wawuzobheka kwenye indawo nokuthi ukunyakaza okulwa nempi kwakuyoba izinto zesikhathi esidlule.
Mhlawumbe akuthembisi ukulwa nesilo esinjalo. Noma kunjalo, njengengane yomndeni wakwa-blue-collar, ongaphandle kwedolobha laseNew York City, ngakhuliswa ngothando lwezizathu ezilahlekile. Ngakho-ke ngithemba ukudlala indima encane enguqulweni yami yesizathu esilahlekile - njengempendulo (enesizungu) emibonweni egcwele yamasosha anamuhla aseMelika, webutho lamaphoyisa, e-West Point. Ngihlela ukuba lapho noma nini lapho amasosha egcizelela ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zezempi zilandela imithetho yezombangazwe, wonke amamodeli ashisekela izwe, wonke amaKristu โaziphethe kahleโ azinikele, bonkeโฆ nisho lokho futhi ngizoba lapho njengesiphambano esiphazamisayo ohlelweni olufuna ukuthotshelwa komthetho.
Futhi nali iqiniso lakho: kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungacabangani, angingedwa. Kukhona a abambalwa abayigugu amanye amazwi omphakathi avela ezimpini zaphakade ekhuluma futhi - njengoba imibhalo ehlukahlukene esekelayo kanye nama-imeyili kimi kucacisile - abaphikisi abathule kakhulu ezinhlwini kunokuba ungacabanga.
Ngakho-ke thembele kulokhu: Ngizobe ngithemba ukuthi izikhulu eziningi ezisebenzayo kanye namasosha azothola isibindi sokukhuluma futhi atshele umphakathi waseMelika amaphuzu uma kuziwa ezimpini zethu ezinonya, ezingenathemba, nezingapheli. Impela, kuyiphupho nje okwamanje, kodwa bangenzani labo abaphezulu kwalolo hlelo lwempi uma amasosha, izikhulu, kanye nabaphathi ababeke ngokuqaphela kangaka esisekelweni beqala ukungabaza, bese bebuza, bese bephika? Lokho kungaba yinkinga emshinini wempi, ngisho naseminyakeni ye-AI nama-drones, osadinga amasosha ayo alalelayo ahamba ngezinyawo ukuze aqhume irakhi futhi agade ibhulokhi.
Kuze kube muva nje, ngibe ngomunye wabo, ngilokhu ngikhala ekugcineni komkhonto owenziwe uhulumeni othanda impi obusa isakhamuzi esingenandaba. Kodwa akusenani. Ngineminyaka engu-35 kuphela futhi mhlawumbe ngeke kwenze mehluko, kodwa kufanele ngivume ukuthi ngibheke ngabomvu isenzo sami sesibili. Ngakho-ke cabanga ngalokhu kuvalelisa kukho konke lokho njengokubingelela kukho konke lokho.
UDanny Sjursen, a TomDispatch Njalo, ungumphathi Wezempi Yase-US osethathe umhlalaphansi futhi owayengumqeqeshi womlando e-West Point. Usebenze izinkambo namayunithi okuhlola e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan. Ubhale isikhumbuzo seMpi yase-Iraq, Ghost Riders of Baghdad: Amasosha, Izakhamuzi, kanye Inganekwane Yokuhlinza. Uhlala eLawrence, eKansas. Mlandele ku-Twitter at @ScepticalVet futhi uhlole i-podcast yakhe "Inqaba eNgqumeni,โ ihlanganiswe nozakwabo udokotela wezilwane uChris 'Henri' Henriksen.
Lesi sihloko sivele okokuqala ku-TomDispatch.com, i-weblog ye-Nation Institute, enikeza ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kweminye imithombo, izindaba, kanye nemibono evela ku-Tom Engelhardt, umhleli wesikhathi eside ekushicileleni, umsunguli we-American Empire Project, umbhali we Ukuphela Kwesiko Lokunqoba, njengenoveli, Izinsuku Zokugcina Zokushicilela. Incwadi yakhe yakamuva ithi, A Isizwe Esingenziwanga Ngempi (Haymarket Books).
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela