Okulandelayo kusekelwe enkulumweni eyanikezwa i-Gay Liberation Front (GLF) yaseNew York City phakathi nomgubho wesonto lonke we-Stonewall 25.
I-Stonewall Riots yayiyisiqalo kanye nomzuzu ochazayo wenhlangano yesimanje yenkululeko yezitabane. Nakuba amaqembu anjengama-homophile afana no-Mattachine kanye ne-Daughters of Bilitis ayekhona ngeminyaka yawo-1950 kanye nawo-1960 kwakuseStonewall ngoJuni 1969 lapho ukuvukela kwangempela kwenzeka. Kodwa i-Stonewall Riots kanye ne-Gay Liberation Front yayingeke yenzeke ukube kwakungengenxa yobungqabavu obukhulu bezenhlalo yangaleso sikhathi-inhlangano Yamandla Amnyama, igagasi lesibili lokulwela amalungelo abantu besifazane, isiko lentsha, inhlangano yamalungelo abantu, isiko lezidakamizwa, amahippie, ama-yippies kanye ne-rock and roll. Ngaphandle kwabo, ukuhlasela kwe-Stonewall Inn bekungaba ukuhlukunyezwa kwamaphoyisa okukodwa ngaphezulu kwembobo yokuphuza ephethwe yisixuku ephinde yabopha ezinye izindlovukazi eziyishumi nambili. Amagama athi โGay Powerโ ayewumbono kabusha โweBlack Power. "Inkulumo ethi "Inkululeko Yezitabane" yayiwukuhlonipha amandla amasiko avele akhona "enkululeko yabesifazane." Amandla aqhuma kuChristopher Street ngalobobusuku agqugquzelwa amandla e-rock and roll kanye nezidakamizwa kanye nesiko lomgwaqo.
Silapha ukuzokhuluma ngekusasa le-Gay Liberation. Kunezihloko ezintathu ezibalulekile okufanele sixoxe ngazo uma sizocabanga ngokudlulela esikhathini esizayo ezobuhlanga, ubuwena kanye nokuziphatha (noma njengoba abameli bekubeka: isimo nokuziphatha) kanye nobulili.
IGay Liberation Front yakhuluma kakhulu ngobandlululo. Sasiqonda ukuthi ukucwasa kwakuphathelene nempilo yazo zonke izakhamuzi zase-U.S. ezimnyama noma ezimhlophe. Ngisho negama lethu lalibonisa izimpi zokulwa nokucwasa: I-National Liberation Front yaseVietnam kanye ne-Algerian Liberation Front. Sasiqonda ukuthi iBlack Panthers yayinamandla ezombusazwe kanye nombono owawunengqondo ngezikhathi zethu. I-GLF yayingaphelele ekubhekaneni nokucwasa ngokwebala, iningi lamalungu ayo kwakungabantu abamhlophe, izingxoxo zayo eziningi mayelana nokucwasa zazihilela ukushaya amabele kanye nokukhuluma amazwi ahlabayo. Kodwa sasiqonda ukuthi ukucwasa kwakuyingxenye yempi yethu, ngenxa yethu kanye nezabo.
Isimo sihluke kakhulu embuthweni wezitabane namuhla. Manje sikhuluma (futhi senze okuncane mayelana) "nokuhlukahluka" kanye "nokuhlanganiswa kwamasiko. โ Womabili amagama amahle kodwa asetshenziswa kaningi kakhulu ukuze kugwenywe ingxoxo yangempela. Ngithole ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule ukuthi igama elithi anti-Semitism laqanjwa njengenkulumo-ze ye-Victorian ukuze lithathele indawo yebinzana elithi โukuzonda kwamaJuda.โ Uma sizodlulela phambili ekubhekaneni nezindaba zobuhlanga nobuzwe kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lokhu esikhuluma ngakho, isikhathi esiningi, akukona โukuhlukahlukanaโ okungako kodwa ukucwasa kwabamhlophe.
Uma inhlangano yezitabane izosebenza ngokubambisana nezinye izinhlangano zokushintsha umphakathi-uma sihlose ukunqoba uphiko lwezenkolo olufanele kufanele siphinde sihlole ukuthi sicabanga kanjani, sikhuluma kanjani futhi senza kanjani. Ekuhleleni udaba lwezitabane sizwe izinkulumo ezithi โizitabane ngeke zisakubekezelela ukuhlala ngemuva ebhasiniโ kanye nokuthi โizitabane ziyidlanzana lokugcina okusemthethweni ukucwasa.โ IKomidi Lenkonzo Yezempi, okuwukuphela kweqembu likazwelonke elihlela udaba lwezempi, licele umaravani wamabhasi anqamula amazwe ukuze aphindaphinde imikhankaso yokubhalisela ukuvota yenhlangano elwela amalungelo abantu yama-1960s. Enkulumweni yabezindaba ngemuva kokukhululwa kwabezindaba baqhathanisa impi yezitabane nomzabalazo wamalungelo omphakathi weminyaka engama-30 edlule ngokusobala bengazi ukuthi lokhu kungasho ukuthini, noma kuzwakale, kubantu base-Afrika baseMelika. UTanya Domi, okhulumela iNational Gay and Lesbian Task Force umemezele esidlangalaleni mayelana nezitabane ezisemasosheni โAngicabangi ukuthi sidinga isinyathelo sokuqinisekisa. Ngicabanga ukuthi siye saziphatha ngendlela evelele.โ Ini? Ngakho-ke labo bantu abadinga isinyathelo sokuqinisekisa abakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yabo ngendlela efanele noma ngobuchule? Kuhlale kunezinkulumo eziningi enhlanganweni elwela amalungelo ezitabane mayelana nokubumba imifelandawonye, โโkodwa ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezedlule abanye abakhulumeli bethu kuzwelonke bakhulume iziqubulo ezingase zicasule kakhulu abantu bebala.
Kule minyaka emithathu edlule ngibe uMdidiyeli Wohlelo lwenkomfa ye-OutWrite, umbuthano kazwelonke wababhali abathandana nabantu abathandanayo abathandanayo kanye nezitabane. Unyaka nonyaka ngimangala kakhulu ngokukhula kokuhlehla kwabanye ababhali abamhlophe abathandanayo nabangama-gay ngokumelene nenqubomgomo eshiwo yeNgqungquthela yamasiko amaningi. Nakuba wonke umuntu evuma ukuthi โi-multiculturalismโ ibalulekile uma sekuza ekuyisebenziseni, noma ukubhekana nayo, kunezinkinga. Ngonyaka odlule ngike ngaba nombhali omhlophe odume ngokulingana wangitshela ukuthi ubengafuni ukuvela eqoqweni elinanoma yibaphi abantu bebala ngoba noma ngabe isihloko esibaluliwe bekuwumbuzo wobuhlanga ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kwenye ingxoxo ngibalule kumbhali ukuthi iNgqungquthela yayizibophezele ukuthi ifake okungenani umuntu oyedwa oyibala elimhlophe kulelo nalelo phaneli. Wenze okuhlukile, wathi okuwukuphela kwendlela yokukhetha amaphaneli kufanele kube ukuthi โbayathakazelisa.โ Ngithe bengicabanga ukuthi ikomidi lingathola okungenani umuntu oyedwa โothakaselayoโ webala ngalinye. Wabe eseqala ukuphoqa ukuthi kuvele ababhali ababili besilisa abamhlophe kumaphaneli. Uma ngiveza ukuthi ngangazi ukuthi wayecabanga ukuthi laba babhali besilisa abamhlophe banesicefe njengamaciko nabantu, wavuma ukuthi kwakunjalo kodwa ngenxa yokuthi โbenzele umphakathi umsebenzi omningi,โ โbafanelweโ indawo.
Eminyakeni emibili edlule, kuphaneli yokubuyekezwa kwezincwadi engangiyengamela, ngasho ukuthi ngangisanda kufunda inoveli yomlobi wesilisa oyisitabane esiseMobile, e-Alabama futhi ngamangala nje kuphela ukuthi babengekho abalingisi base-Afrika-baseMelika Incwadi, idolobha lonke laseMobile lalibonakala linabantu abamhlophe. Uma sizobhala, sifunde, futhi sibuyekeze izinganekwane ezingokoqobo, enye yezindlela zokwahlulela ngayo ukuthi โingokoqoboโ kangakanani ekumeleleni ubukhona bamasiko ohlanga nobuhlanga. Ezinyangeni ezimbili ezizayo ukubuyekezwa okuthathu okuhlukene kwengqungquthela eyangimangalela โnge-cultural Stalinismโ ngenxa โyesidingo sami sokuthi wonke ababhali bezinganekwane bafake abalingiswa abamnyama emsebenzini wabo.โ
Ngonyaka odlule kuphinde kwaba nokulwa โkwekharikhulamu yothingoโ ohlelweni lwesikole saseNew York City. Kwakuyimpi enzima ephikisana nelungelo lezenkolo nezishoshovu ezitabane futhi yathola amakomiti ezikole endawoโamaningi emiphakathini enemibalabalaโengqubuzana nohlelo lwebhodi yesikole yedolobha lonke esebenzisa izinto ezintsha ezihlanganisa amasiko amaningi okuhlanganisa nezinye izinto zokufundisa ngengculaza nemindeni yezitabane. Okungakhulunywa kakhulu kule mpi kwakuwukuthi ohlelweni olusha olubuyekeziwe โlothingoโ umugqa we-lavender wawuhlale umhlophe. Kuze kube yilapho umphakathi wezitabane (ababhali, abashicileli, osopolitiki) uqala ukukhuthaza umbono wokuthi izitabane nezinhlanga ezihlukahlukene, kuzoba nezingxabano ezidala imifelandawonye namanye amaqembu anenqubekela phambili, ikakhulukazi angewona abelungu.
Olunye lwezinguquko ezinkulu kule minyaka engu-25 edlule kube ukuguquguquka kwezamasiko nezombusazwe kusukela ekuphikisaneni "ngamalungelo ezitabane" okusekelwe ekuziphatheni kuya ekuphikisaneni "ngamalungelo ezitabane" ngokusekelwe kulokho oyikho. Le mibono emibili, yebo, ihlangene kodwa ihluke kakhulu. Ngemva kweStonewall sasilwela ilungelo lokuziphatha ngokobulili obufanayoโukwenza izenzo zobungqingili; ilungelo lempilo yocansi. Manje amaqhinga okuhlela aseguqukile: manje siphikisana nelungelo lokuhlonza njengabangqingili. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule inkantolo yokudlulisa amacala e-Seattle yanquma ukuthi umhlengikazi we-Lesbian Air Force owayededelwe ngenxa yobulili bakhe kufanele abuyiselwe emsebenzini. Ijaji elikhiphe lesi sinqumo libhale ukuthi "asikho isisekelo esiphusile sengxabano kahulumeni yokuthi ukuthambekela kobungqingili kufana 'nesifiso noma ukuthambekela kokuzibandakanya' ekuziphatheni kobungqingili." Lokhu kwakubi ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili.
Eyokuqala: kuwumbhedo nodoti. Okwesibili: kuvula indlela yezinguquko ezingokomthetho ezizoqhubeka nokucwasa izitabane nokuziphatha kobulili obufanayo.
Akekho ongaphikisa ngokuthi ukuthambekela kwabobulili obuhlukile bekungeke kuholele esifisweni noma ekuthambekeni kokuzibandakanya ezenzweni zobulili obuhlukile. Nokho lesi sinqumo sinconywa yiwo wonke umphakathi olwela amalungelo abantu abathandana nezitabane. Ilungelo lezenkolo liye lacwasa kakhulu abantu bobulili obufanayo kanye nokuziphatha kongqingili kangangokuthi thina-emizamweni eyiphutha yokuthola amasu avikelekile ekulweni kwethu-siye sabashiya kulokhu. Ukubalekela ukuziphatha kokuvikela kubonakala ezingcingweni eziningi ezivela emphakathini ukuze kugcinwe amaqembu afana nama-drag-queen nabantu besikhumba besesimweni esiphansi ezenzakalweni ezifana ne-1993 March eWashington. Kusezimbizweni eziqhubekayo zokuthi abantu abathandana nezitabane baveze โisithombe esihleโ emhlabeni oqondile. Kukwigagasi elisha lezincwadi zezingane zemindeni yezitabane ezifana Malume Yini-Yini-Izovakashela lokho kuveza ongqingili ababukeka "engajwayelekile" njengabesabisayo ezinganeni. Kunqubomgomo ethi โungabuzi/ungatsheliโ. Kusezindabeni zezitabane ezingo-Andrew Sullivan, Bruce Bawer, Marvin Liebman, noMel White lapho bethi โizitabane ezinhleโ ziphucwa amalungelo azo โyizitabane ezimbiโ eziphikelela ekukhulumeni ngocansi.
Ubungqingili ngaphandle kocansi-bomhlaba wezitabane obufana ncamashi nomhlaba oqondile ngaphandle kokuthi ngeke sivume ukuthi siya ocansini-okwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu eziningi. Umkhuba we-assimilationist kule nhlangano uhlale ululaza umbuzo onzima wocansi. Ngokusho kwabo uma singalokothi sikhulume ngobulili (noma sibubonise ngomcabango, ngezwi, ngesenzo noma ngokugqoka), siyokwamukelwa, noma, ngokungcono kakhulu, singanakwa. Kodwa amandla (kanye nomqondo ovamile) we-Stonewall, inguquko yezocansi, i-1960s konke kwaqinisekisa ukuthi umqondo wamalungelo ongqingili usho ilungelo lokuya ocansini, ilungelo lokwenza ubulili bethu ngendlela efanayo nabesilisa abathandana nabobulili obuhlukile. Muva nje umbutho wezitabane usuqale ukubikezela i-ajenda yawo yamalungelo ezitabane mayelana nokuthi ungubani, hhayi ukuziphatha.
Esinye isizathu salokhu kushintsha kokucabanga namaqhinga kube ingculaza. Ingculaza ngokungenakuphikwa imayelana nokuziphatha. Ukuthi ungubani akuwona ngisho umbuzo lapha. Amadoda ayizitabane awekho engcupheni enkulu yokuthola ingculaziโabesilisa abaya ocansini namadoda bakhona. Umbonoโkanye neqinisoโlengculazi limangalisa kakhulu, ligxile kakhulu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke komphakathi wezitabane kangangokuthi kwelinye izinga sayeka ukuphikisa ilungelo lethu lokuziphatha ngendlela esifuna ukuziphatha ngayo. Ukuziphatha bekukuningi kakhulu mayelana nocansi, kuxhumene kakhulu nengculazi ukuze kusenze-noma omunye umuntu-azizwe ekhululekile ukugcina ukuziphatha njengesisekelo sokulwela kwethu inkululeko.
Muva nje isisebenzi esinakekela ingculaza, sikhuluma ngokuvulwa kwendlu yokugezela entsha eBoston, sathi kimi โlena into yokugcina esiyidingayo manje.โ Lapho ngiveza ukuthi lesi sikhungo sizogadwa ngokuphelele, sigcwaliswe ngolwazi locansi oluphephile kanye nokuhlinzeka ngamakhondomu nokuthi ucansi olungaphephile lwenzeka emakhaya, hhayi esidlangalaleni, waphendula wathi โAnginendaba. Lokhu kwenza kubukeke sengathi zonke izitabane ezizithandayo ziwucansi.โ UBruce Bawer, ekuxoliseni kwakhe izitabane Indawo etafuleni, uphikisa ngokuthi ukuziphatha okubi kwamadoda angama-gay (yonke into kusukela ekubukeni izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ukuya ekuqabuleni esidlangalaleni kuya emashini egqoke ivesti yesikhumba) kuthukuthelisa umphakathi wonke futhi kwenza kube nzima kakhulu kubantu abancane abangama-gay ukuphuma. Ukucabangela kukaBawer ukuthi abantu abasha banesithakazelo "kubunikazi" (okungukuthi, ukuba gay) hhayi "ukuziphatha" (okungukuthi, ukwenza ungqingili: okungukuthi, ukuya ocansini) kuwuphawu lwezinkinga zakhe siqu, hhayi ukubonakaliswa kweqiniso.
I-Stonewall yayimayelana nezinto eziningi. Kwakumayelana nenkululeko yokuzihlanganisa, mayelana nokuba ungubani, mayelana nokubonakala, mayelana nokungacwaswa, mayelana nelungelo lokugqoka izingubo ezihudulayo, mayelana nokungaphulwa kwamalungelo abantu ayisisekelo. Kodwa futhi kwakuphathelene nocansi: ucansi ngaphandle kwecala, ucansi olungcono, ucansi ekhaya, ucansi ezindaweni zokugeza, ucansi ngothando, nocansi ngaphandle kothando. Uma sikhuluma ngokuba ungqingili-noma ungqingili, noma queer, noma ongqingili noma ogobile, noma yini-sikhuluma ngezinto eziningi. Kodwa okubalulekile wukuthi sikhuluma ngokuzibandakanya ocansini nomuntu wobulili obufanayo. Uma silwa impi ezosinika ilungelo lokuzibonakalisa njengezitabane kodwa hhayi ilungelo (kanye nezivikelo) lokwenza ngale ndlela sehlulekile ngokuphelele. Uma sizokwamukela inqubomgomo yezenhlalo enqabayo ukuvuma ukuthi ubunikazi bethu abudali isifiso noma ukuthambekela kokuhlanganyela emisebenzini yocansi, sehlulekile ngokuphelele. Uma sicabanga ukuthi singathola ukwamukelwa, noma ngisho nokubekezelelwa ngokufihla iqiniso lokuthi izifiso nezenzo zethu zobulili zibalulekile, izici ezibalulekile zokuphila kwethu sehlulekile ngokuphelele.
Siphila esikweni elizondayo futhi elizifela ngocansi. Futhi labo abathandana nabobulili obuhlukile. Akumangalisi ukuthi kunzima ukukhuluma ngocansi uma uyisitabane. Sithwele umthwalo wokuthi kufanele sichazwe ngokuphelele ubulili bethu futhi sibuzwe ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kucatshangwa ukuthi sithathekile ngocansi futhi sitshelwa ukuthi ukuphika ucansi kuphela lapho sizokwamukelwa. Ukubona izithandani zobulili obufanayo zibambene ngezandla e-Stonewall 25 bekukuhle. Kufanele kusikhumbuze ukuthi ukuziphatha okunjalo akuvunyelwe sonke isikhathi. Ngisho noma ucansi lusetshenziswa njaloโkokubili isiko elivamile kanye nelobulili obufanayoโasisakhulumi ngokubaluleka kwalo ezimpilweni zethu, ekuhleleni kwethu, ekwakhiweni kwethu komphakathi, njengengxenye enkulu yobunikazi bethu nanjengendlela yokuzivikela. ukuzihlonipha. Ubhubhane lwengculazi lugcizelela ukuthi sibhekane ngqo nangobuqotho nendlela esenza ngayo ucansi, ukuthi kusho ukuthini kithina, nokuthi singaqhubeka kanjani nokuya ocansini ngendlela ephephile, enesibopho.
Uma ilungelo lezenkolo, kanye nama-run-of-the-mill conservatives, bezogxila kuzo zonke izici zobulili bethuโkusuka ku-s/m, NAMBLA, ukuhudula nokuhamba ngesikebheโkufanele sibe nokuqina, i-progay, pro-sex. izimpendulo. Ukusho nje ukuthi "akuwona wonke amadoda angama-gay angama-drag queen" noma "I-NAMBLA ayikhulumi ngobungqingili, imayelana ne-pedophilia" akwanele. Sibe namahloni ngezifiso zethu zobulili, siye savumela ilungelo lenkolo, abagcina imithetho, โukunambitheka okuhleโ kanye nomhlangano ukuze banqume ukuthi yini esingakhuluma ngayo nokuthi kuphi, yini esingayenza, futhi nobani.
Kuze kube yilapho siqala futhi ukukhuluma ngokwethembeka nangokukhululekile mayelana nocansi, ubulili, ubulili bethu bomuntu siqu, esikwenzayo nendlela esizizwa ngayo ngakho, ngeke siqhubekele phambili. Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili nanhlanu edlule izibhelu ze-Stonewall kanye nokwakhiwa kweGay Liberation Front kwaba yisambulo. Babengaphelele, noma ngayiphi indlela, kodwa basikhomba endleleni efanele. Ugqozi kanye nemizwa engokwemvelo esasinayo ngaleso sikhathi kungasinikeza indlela yokusebenza kuze kufike esikhathini esizayo.
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