Izenzakalo ezimbili eziyingqopha-mlando zenzeka ngo-1917. Esokuqala kwaba iNguquko YamaBolshevik ngo-November eyaqeda ukubusa koCzarist phezu kweRussia futhi yamemezela ukuqala kobusoshiyali emhlabeni. Isenzakalo sesibili esingazange sibonakale sibalulekile ngokushesha kubantu abangaphandle kwendawo yaso saba ukuqala kokuphela kokubusa kwamanye amazwe phezu kweNdiya futhi sazwakalisa ukufa kwe-imperialism yaseBrithani. Kwenzeka e-Champaran, isifunda sase-Bihar, okwakungekuningi okwakwaziwa ngaleso sikhathi kwezinye izingxenye zezwe. Lona bekuwumzabalazo wokuqala oyimpumelelo, oholwa nguGandhi ngemuva kokubuya kwakhe eNingizimu Afrika. Ngisho nangemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye, kunezici ezithile okufanele ziqashelwe ngoba zisikhanyisela ngesitayela sikaGandhi sokusebenza.
I-Champran (manje ehlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili, iMpumalanga neNtshonalanga) isemngceleni weNepal enyakatho ne-UP entshonalanga. Ngokomlando, bekubaluleke kakhulu ngoba ama-Aryan angena eBihar ngayo, ngemva kokuwela iSadaneera (manje eyaziwa ngokuthi iGandak), futhi iNkosi uBuddha yadabula kuyo isuka endaweni yakubo yabuyela emuva futhi u-Asoka wagubha lokhu ngokumisa izinsika ezinemibhalo eqoshiwe.
Engxenyeni yesibili ye-18th ikhulu leminyaka, ngemva kokuthola i-Diwani noma amalungelo okuqoqa imali kumbusi wakwa-Mughal, i-East India Company, yazama amasu amaningana obudlelwane bomhlaba futhi, ekugcineni, yaletha i-Permanent Settlement ngesikhathi sokuphatha kuka-Lord Cornwallis. Ama-Zamindars noma abanikazi bezindlu benziwa abanikazi bomhlaba abacishe babe ngabaphelele futhi Inkampani yathembisa ukuthi ngeke igxambukele ezindabeni zabo inqobo nje uma izokhokha imali engenayo, eyayimisiwe phakade, ngesikhathi. Ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, abanikazi bezindlu babonakala bengasebenzi futhi beqisa futhi baba nezikweletu ezinkulu. Ukuze bazisindise ekuphucweni, baqasha izindawo zabo, unomphela noma okwesikhashana. E-Champaran, laba baqashi babengabatshali be-indigo base-Europe ababengasebenzisa ubudlelwano bezolimo ukuze baphoqelele abaqashi ukuba batshale i-indigo lapho kudayi oluhlaza owenziwe futhi wathunyelwa ngaphandle ukuze kufakwe imibala emifaniswaneni yebutho lasolwandle. Imigomo nemibandela yokutshala i-indigo yayiyalelwe abatshali futhi lokhu kwadala ukunganeliseki phakathi kwabaqashi futhi kwaba nezenzo zobudlova ezenziwa abatshali ukuze kuncishwe ukunganeliseki. UJohn Beames owafika kulesi sifunda njengoMqoqi ngeminyaka yawo-1860 wachaza isimo ezincwadini zakhe.
Phakathi neminyaka eyishumi yokugcina ye-19th ekhulwini leminyaka, iJalimane yethula udayi wokwenziwa oluhlaza emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe owasusa udayi wemvelo. Sicela ukhumbule ukuthi uhlobo oluthile lokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke lwalukhula futhi lwalungaqhubeka kuze kube sekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Lokhu kwenze abatshali bama ngendlela enomusa, batshela abaqashi ukuthi sebekulungele ukubakhulula esibophweni sokutshala i-indigo inqobo nje uma bevuma ukubanxephezela ngokulahlekelwa kwabo. Lokhu kwakucasulwa futhi kwaba nezinxushunxushu zabalimi, okwaholela odlameni. Abalimi, iningi labo elingafundile futhi abangenazo izinsiza, babengenaye umholi osebenzayo owayezobaqondisa. NgoZibandlela 1916, i-Indian National Congress yayibambe iseshini yayo yaminyaka yonke e-Lucknow, engekude kakhulu ne-Champaran. Iqembu labalimi, belulekwa ngabafisi okuhle, baya lapho. Lesi senzakalo sabonakala simangalisa ngoba, ngokokuqala ngqรก, umuntu ongafundile wavunyelwa ukuba akhulume esiteji. U-Raj Kumar Shukla, ukhulume ngesi-Hindi esiphukile kodwa ngemizwa eminingi nobuqotho obushukumisa izethameli eziphakeme, kodwa akekho owayezimisele ukuya e-Champaran ukuyohola abalimi abayaluza. U-Lokmanya Tilak ubengaphathekile kahle ukwamukela isicelo sabo. Becishe bedangele, bafuna iseluleko sikaPandit Madan Mohan Malviya owabeluleka ukuba bancenge uMohandas Gandhi owayesanda kubuya eNingizimu Afrika ngemuva kokuhola umzabalazo owathatha isikhathi eside, kodwa oyimpumelelo. Uma evuma ukuya lapho, ngokuqinisekile wayeyobenza bafinyelele umgomo wabo. Khona-ke, u-Shukla wahlangana noGandhi futhi walandisa indaba yakhe yosizi, kodwa uGandhi akazange azibophezele nakuba alalelisisa futhi wacela u-Shukla isikhathi esithile ukuthi acabange ngesicelo sakhe ngemva kokufika eKanpur.
Lapho uGandhi efika ephephandabeni likaGanesh Shankar Vidyarthi I-Pratap, wathola ukuthi uShukla wayesekhona, emncenga ukuba eze eChamparan. UGandhi wamtshela ukuthi uya e-Kolkata (eyayiCalcutta ngaleso sikhathi) ukuyovakashela uBarrister Bhupendra Nath Basu futhi lapho wayezocabanga ngesicelo sakhe futhi anqume. Bheka futhi, bheka! U-Shukla wayesekhona lapho uGandhi efika. Ubuqotho bukaShukla nobuqotho becala lakhe kwamhlaba umxhwele kakhulu uGandhi futhi bobabili baqala uhambo lwabo oluya eChamparan.
Endleleni, bafika ePatna baya endaweni kaRajendra Prasad. UGandhi wayenenhloko yePrasad. Ngeshwa, uPrasad wayengekho futhi izinceku zakhe zathatha uGandhi, ngenxa yemvunulo yakhe, njengekhasimende elithile elingama-rustic futhi azizange zimvumele ukuthi ahlale. Khona-ke uGandhi wakhumbula ukuthi omunye wozakwabo ekilasini laseLondon, uMazaharul Haque wayengummeli oholayo lapho futhi wacela uShukla ukuba amyise lapho ehlala khona uHaque. UHaque wamamukela ngenhliziyo yonke. Ngemva kokulala lapho ubusuku bonke, bobabili bawela iGanges balibangisa eMotihari, indlunkulu yaseChamparan. Esiteshini sikaloliwe i-Muzaffarpur, uShukla wabona u-JB Kripalani, uprofesa wekolishi lendawo, emisiwe ngenxa yemibono yakhe yobuzwe, efuna othile ekilasini lokuqala. UShukla wayejwayelene naye. Lapho ebuzwa, u-Kripalani wamazisa ukuthi useyazi ukuthi uGandhi wayeya eMotihari ngalesi sitimela kodwa, kwabonakala sengathi wayengekho. UShukla wabe esemyisa egumbini lesithathu lekilasi futhi wamazisa kuGandhi. Kwakuwumhlangano wokuqala kaprofesa noGandhi futhi wamangala ukuthi ubuntu obaziwayo, obugqoke okomlimi, wayehamba egumbini lesithathu.
Lapho befika e-Motihari, bobabili u-Gandhi no-Shukla, bethwele imithwalo yabo ekhanda, bahamba amakhilomitha ambalwa beya kowayebamukele, ummeli wendawo. Ngemva kokuphumula, uShukla wahlela ukuba indlovu ihambise uGandhi edolobhaneni eliseduze ukuze ayobona usizi lwabalimi. UGandhi wayengajwayelene neChamparan nolimi lwayo lwesigodi. UShukla wayengumqondisi wakhe. Kuthe uma kuyiwa kulo muzi, kwaqhamuka uConstable egijima wakhipha umyalelo kuMqoqi, ecela uGandhi ukuthi aphume kulesi sifunda engakapheli amahora angu-24 noma eze enkantolo yakhe ezochaza ukuthi kungani engafuni.
UGandhi wabuyela lapho ahlala khona futhi watholakala ebhala okuthile ebusuku eceleni kwelambu. Ekuseni ngakusasa, kwafika idlanzana labameli abaholayo bakwaBihar, okwathi lapho becelwa izeluleko zabo, batshela uGandhi ukuthi lo myalelo wawungekho emthethweni futhi kufanele abhekisele ezinhlinzekweni zomthetho zokungathobeli. UGandhi uvele enkantolo ngesikhathi esimisiwe. Umshushisi womphakathi wayedidekile njengoba wayenesiqiniseko sokuthi ummeli onjengoGandhi uzowuchitha, ngokushesha, umyalelo ongekho emthethweni. Kodwa uGandhi akenzanga into enjalo. Akazange acaphune noma yiziphi izinhlinzeko zomthetho, futhi wafunda isitatimende, ethi uzele ukuzofuna iqiniso futhi ngeke aphumule kuze kube yilapho ewufeza lo msebenzi. Kuphela ngemva kokuba esefikile eqinisweni, wayezonquma ngenkambo yakhe elandelayo. Uma ekhishelwe ngaphandle ngenkani, wayebuya, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imiphumela izoba yini. UMqoqi wamtshela ukuthi akalinde ngaphandle aze ambize angenzi lutho ngaphambi kokuba kuphume isigwebo.
UGandhi wahlala ngokuthula ngaphansi kwesihlahla esikhulu esifana noBuddha, amakhulu abantu abalimi bemzungezile futhi bemdumisa. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, watshelwa ukuthi afike ngakusasa. Lapho uGandhi eya enkantolo futhi, watshelwa ukuthi icala lihoxisiwe futhi uhulumeni ukulungele ukumnikeza izinsiza ezidingekayo ukuze aphenye. UGandhi wacela itafula nezihlalo ezimbili, esinye esakhe nesinye esotolika. Lapho ebuzwa ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini aphikisayo ngakho uma kukhona umuntu wakwa-CID ehleli, uGandhi wathi, akunjalo. Uma kunjalo, kwakudingeka esinye isihlalo. Kusukela lapho izihlalo ezintathu ezinetafula elilodwa zathwalwa ngenqola yenkunzi ukusuka komunye umuzi kuya komunye.
Kulokhu, kuvela izinto ezimbili. Okokuqala, ayikho impi yepolitiki okufanele ilwe ngokuzifaka ezinkingeni zomthetho, kodwa nakuba kugqugquzelwa abantu abaningi. Okwesibili, zonke izimpi zezombangazwe kufanele zivuleleke futhi ngaphandle kokuphendukela ekusithekeni nasekwenzeni uzungu.
Ngalezo zinsuku, ukuhlukaniswa kwezigaba kwakunesizinda esiqinile. Akekho umuntu wesigaba esiphakeme owayedla futhi aphuze ukudla neziphuzo ezilungiselelwe abantu besigaba esiphansi. UGandhi wakwenza kwacaca kubo bonke ababevela e-Bihar noma ngaphandle bezosebenza naye ukuthi bonke kwakufanele badle futhi baphuze ndawonye esiphithiphithini esisodwa ngaphandle kokucabangela isigaba nenkolo. Umpheki wayengumSulumane, uBattack Mian. Wanikezwa yonke inhlobo yendlela yokufaka ushevu ekudleni kodwa wenqaba nakuba ayempofu kakhulu. Ekuqaleni kwawo-1950, lapho owayenguMongameli waseNdiya ngaleso sikhathi uRajendra Prasad, ngesikhathi eya ndawana thize eyoduduza ngokushona kwesihlobo, ekhuluma emhlanganweni omncane womphakathi, kwaba nesiyaluyalu ngoba abezokuphepha babengavumeli ukuthi kungene umuntu omdala kakhulu. URajendra Prasad wakubona lokhu wabe esehla futhi waphelezela leya ndoda futhi wayihlalisa eduze kwayo. Kwaphela imizuzu embalwa ekhuluma naye ngolimi lwendawo wabe eselandisa indlela umtshali, u-Erwin, azame ngayo yonke indlela ukunxenxa uMian ukuba axube ushevu ekudleni futhi wabuza izethameli, ukuthi uvumile yini ukwenza isicelo somtshali, akekho. bethu kuhlanganisa noGandhi ngabe siyaphila futhi akekho ongasho ngomthelela emzabalazweni wenkululeko waseNdiya. Lo mbhali wayekhona lapho njengomfundi wesikole.
Phakathi kozakwabo bendawo uGandhi kwakukhona idlanzana lamaSulumane afana noPir Mohammed Moonis kanye noSheikh Gulab, Planters kanye nohulumeni wazama ukubanqoba ngokubanxenxa noma ngenkani ukuze bahlukane. Bazama futhi ukubangela izibhelu emphakathini.
Abatshali ngolunye usuku bashisa indlu kaShukla. Lapho uGandhi ekwazi lokhu, wahamba amakhilomitha ambalwa ngezinyawo ukuze afike endaweni yakubo. Uzwakalise ubumbano namalungu omndeni wakhe kanye nabahlali basesigodini abesaba kakhulu. UGandhi wahlala ubusuku bonke wadla nabo. Walala otshanini. Lokhu kwaletha isibindi kubantu bendawo.
UGandhi wasungula izikhungo eziningi ukuze asakaze ukufunda nokubhala futhi afundise inhlanzeko nemisebenzi yezandla. Ngokusobala, eyakhe kwakuyinhlangano enezinhlangothi eziningi. Lasondeza abantu eduze kwakhe. Isigameko esisodwa sanele ukukhombisa ukuthi wafinyelela kanjani ekuboneni izinga lobumpofu basemaphandleni. Lapho ebona owesifazane egqoke izingubo ezingcolile, wacela umkakhe uKasturba ukuthi abuze ukuthi kungani ephila impilo engcolile. Lona wesifazane wamtshela ukuthi uneyodwa kuphela isaha, ngakho kwakungenakwenzeka ukumgeza nsuku zonke futhi agcine izingubo zakhe zihlanzekile.
Noma ngabe i-bureaucracy yayimzonda ngokusobala futhi inobungane kubatshali, amarekhodi ayimfihlo abonisa ukuthi nabo, bahlatshwa umxhwele kakhulu uGandhi. Ake sicaphune imibiko enjalo emibili nje. U-WH Lewis, isikhulu segatsha saseBettiah sabhalela uMqoqi waseChamparan: "UGandhi ubonakala eyingxube enelukuluku yasempumalanga nentshonalanga. Ukweleta ingxenye enkulu yenkolelo yakhe kuRuskin noTolstoi, ikakhulukazi laba bakamuva nemibhangqwana laba ngokuzincisha injabulo. Ukube imibono yakhe ingeyasempumalanga kuphela, ubeyokwaneliswa ukukusebenzisa ekuphileni kwakhe siqu ekuphileni kokuzindla kwakhe yedwa.Yizimfundiso zaseNtshonalanga kuphela ezimenze waba umguquli wezenhlalo okhuthele. ." Esinye isikhulu u-JT Whitty, imenenja, u-Bettiah raj, ubhalele uKhomishana wase-Tirhut: "Uyindoda ezimisele ukwenza noma yikuphi ukuze adlulise umbono. Angenziwa kalula umfel' ukholo futhi akakwazi ukucindezelwa kalula. " (Zombili lezi zilotshwe ku-Proceedings of Government of Bihar kanye ne-Orissa, Umnyango Wezombusazwe (Okhethekile), 1917, inombolo yefayela 1571).
Njengoba kwaziwa, uhulumeni wavuma futhi kwaqokwa ikhomishini, noGandhi njengomunye wamalungu ayo, ukuthi ibheke lonke lolu daba futhi iphakamise amakhambi. Ikhomishana iphakamise ukuthi kwamukelwe izimfuno zabalimi futhi kuthathwe izinyathelo zomthetho zokuzifeza.
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