Amazwi kaMongameli Barack Obama ngoMongameli wase-Russia u-Vladimir Putin e-Paris ngoLwesibili ayeyindida ngendlela emangalisayo: “AmaRussia manje asenamasonto ambalwa elapho [eSyria], isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga, futhi ngicabanga ukuthi izintatheli ezihluzekile eziye zabheka lesi simo zingathi. ukuthi isimo asikashintshi kakhulu.
“Okwamanje, iRussia ilahlekelwe yindiza yabagibeli. Ubone enye indiza idutshulwa phansi. Kube nokulahlekelwa ngokwemibandela yabasebenzi baseRussia. Futhi ngicabanga ukuthi uMnu. Putin uyaqonda ukuthi njengoba i-Afghanistan isanda kukhunjulwa, ukuthi avele agxile engxabanweni yombango engaphelele futhi ekhubazayo akuwona umphumela awufunayo.”
U-Obama ubonakala ekwazi ukuhlolisisa imiphumela enzima yenqubomgomo yezangaphandle yaseRussia, kodwa hhayi eyakhe. "Nge-Afghanistan entsha enkumbulweni" kusho umongameli wase-US, cishe mayelana nokungenelela kweRussia okwaphela emashumini eminyaka edlule - hhayi ukungenelela kwe-US okuthatha isikhathi eside futhi okuqhubekayo. Uyakwazi ukubona ucezwana esweni likaPutin, kodwa hhayi ugodo kwelakhe. Ukungasho lutho ngeqiniso lokuthi i-U.S. yaqala
amaMujahideen e-Afghanistan ukwenza amaRussia ophe lapho.
U-Gore Vidal ubize i-USA ngokuthi “United States of Amnesia” - kodwa ifana kakhulu ne-USSA: I-United States of Selective Amnesia.
I-US ibilokhu iqhumisa amabhomu eMideast amashumi eminyaka ngokoqobo manje - hhayi inyanga - futhi kusamele yenze ukubalwa kwezimali okungathí sina. Ngemva kwamahora ambalwa u-Obama ekhulume lezo zinkulumo, inhloko yePentagon u-Ash Carter umemezele ukuthi i-U.S
ukwandisa izenzo zayo zempi e-Iraq.
Nakuba kungavamile ukuthi noma ubani abuze ukuthi imigomo eshiwo kahulumeni wase-US ingase ingabi yimigomo yangempela, akuvamile ukuthi kucatshangwe ukuhlola imigomo eshiwo yabahlaseli be-9/11 noma baseParis. Abaningi baphawule ngokufanelekile ukuthi ilebula “yobuphekula” isetshenziswa ngokukhetha, muva nje,
mayelana nokudutshulwa emtholampilo we-Planned Parenthood eColorado. Kodwa nangaphezu kokusetshenziswa kwegama elithi “ubuphekula” — wona kanye umqondo wokuchaza ngokucacile isisusa uyakhetha. Uma ukhuluma ngezinto ezifana nokuhlaselwa kukaNovemba 13 eParis, umqondo "wesisusa" awungeni kuwo; ngempela, inkulumo “yobuphekula” noma “impi” ngokwengxenye ithatha indawo yokucabanga ngezisusa. Endabeni yokuhlasela kwe-Planned Parenthood, kubonakala kuthathwa kalula ukuthi othile angaphikisana namalungelo okukhipha isisu futhi aphikisane nokuhlaselwa okunobudlova emitholampilo yokuhushula izisu. Kepha akulona iphuzu elithathwa enhliziyweni lapho kuhlolwa inqubomgomo yezangaphandle yase-US - noma isiFulentshi, noma iBritish.
Kodwa kubonakala sengathi kunesizwe esisodwa esikutholile lokhu, okungenani ngezinga elithile: Ngo-March 11, 2004, uchungechunge lwamabhomu acishe afika kanyekanye aqhuma ezitimeleni ezine zabagibeli eMadrid. Lezi ziqhumane zibulale abantu abangu-191 kwalimala abacishe babe ngu-2,000 XNUMX.
Ngalo lolo suku, uMkhandlu Wezokuphepha we-UN ohlonishwayo wakhipha isinqumo
1530 eyakulahla “ngamazwi anamandla ukuhlasela kwamabhomu eMadrid, eSpain, okwenziwa iqembu lamaphekula i-ETA.” Vele, kwasheshe kwacaca ukuthi i-ETA - iqembu lamaBasque elihlukanisayo - alihlangene nalo.
Lesi bekuyisibonelo esingajwayelekile sokuthi izikhulu azizange zifune "ukusola amaSulumane" ngemuva kokuqhuma kwamabhomu. Futhi ngesizathu esihle. Iqembu elibusayo eSpain, okuyiqembu elaqanjwa ngokungafanele, iPeople's Party, lalidonsele izwe empini yase-Iraq ngonyaka owedlule futhi lesaba ngesizathu esihle ukuthi uma lokhu kuhlasela kubonakala kuhlobene ne-Mideast, umphakathi uzothukuthela - futhi ukhetho lwaba ihlelwe ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu. Eqinisweni, usuku lokhetho,
I-al-Qaeda ithi inesibopho.
Ngaphambi kokuqhuma kwamabhomu eMadrid, i
Iphathi Yabantu ihole okhethweni ngamaphesenti amahlanu, kodwa iSocialist Party yagcina iphumelele ngamaphesenti amahlanu. I-Socialist Party eyanqoba yayicele ukuthi kususwe amasosha aseSpain e-Iraq phakathi nomkhankaso.
Ingxenye yalokho obekubalulekile nokubalulekile ukuthi kube nemibhikisho emikhulu ngemuva kwalokhu kuqhuma kwamabhomu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi imibhikisho ngaphansi kwesibhengezo esithi "Cha ku-Terrorism - No to War." [Bheka
Johannesburg.]
I-Socialist Party yayithembise ukususa amasosha aseSpain ngoJuni 30, futhi, ngemva kokuwina ukhetho, amasosha ahoxiswa.
inyanga ngaphambi kwalokho obekulindelwe. Angikwazi ukuthola irekhodi lanoma yikuphi ukuhlasela okuhlobene ne-Mideast e-Spain kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.
Ngokuphambene: Ngomhla ziyisi-7 kuJulayi, 2005, kube nochungechunge lokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu kwesistimu yezokuthutha zomphakathi e-London, kwashona abantu abangu-52 futhi kwalimaza nabanye abangamakhulu. Mhlawumbe okuphawulekayo, Kwakukhona umhlangano we-G8 e-UK ngaleso sikhathi, owawucishe ufane nokuba khona kwengqungquthela enkulu yesimo sezulu eParis manje. Ukulandela lokho kuqhuma kwamabhomu, iBrithani ayizange iguqule ngokunengqondo isimo sayo eMideast.
Sekuningi okwenziwa kweminye imibuthano mayelana namaFulentshi, ayehlekwa usulu e-U.S. ngesikhathi kwakhiwa ukuhlasela kwe-Iraq ngo-2003, manje osehola impi eSyria kanye nenkulumo-ze yempi kaFrançois Hollande.
Kodwa ukuguqulwa okusobala kwezikhundla empeleni kwenza umqondo ophelele uma ucabangela imilando yombuso: I-Iraq kwakuyikoloni laseBrithani, ngakho-ke - njengoba umuntu engalindela - iBrithani yasiza ukusungulwa kwe-U.S. ekuthatheni i-Iraq ngo-2003. Ngokufanayo, i-Syria iyikoloni langaphambili laseFrance. , ngakho iFrance yahola ekungeneleleni lapho.
Iqiniso lokuthi i-interventionist dynamics ihambisana nemilando yasebukhosini ngokwayo ilahla imibuso yaseNtshonalanga.
Ingqondo yombuso ebheke eMideast ibonakala kuyo yonke indawo. Kuyihlazo endabeni yephrojekthi yamakoloni ka-Israyeli esebenza ngokumelene namaPalestine. Kuyacaca kumfelandawonye phakathi kokusungulwa kwe-U.S. kanye nama-monarchies afakwe eNtshonalanga aseSaudi Arabia, Jordan kanye neminye imibuso. Futhi isimo sengqondo siyabonakala endabeni ye-Iran, njengoba uNobhala Wezwe waseMelika u-Hillary Clinton esho ngesikhathi kuphothulwa isivumelwano senuzi ne-Iran ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka e-Brookings Institution: “Angiboni i-Iran njengozakwethu kulokhu. isivumelwano, ngibona i-Iran njengesihloko salesi sivumelwano. "
Ifa lombuso liboniswa emikhawulweni yenkululeko yasekhaya futhi. Kukhona inkulumo ethi "Liberté" eFrance, kodwa isimo esiphuthumayo eFrance kanye nokwenqatshelwa kombhikisho kunezimpande zawo emithethweni eyashaywa kusukela empini yamakoloni kaFrances ne-Algeria. Ngeshwa, abaningi eFrance babonakala beziphatha “njengezinkawu ezinikezelayo” lapho kuziwa ekuchitheni inkululeko yabo.
Ungaba yisithunywa sombuso noma intando yeningi ehloniphekile. Khetha.
Izisusa ezimenyezelwe yilabo abathi banesibopho sokuhlasela okufana nomhla ka-9/11 azizange zixoxwe ngendlela ephusile. Kufanele kube manje, ikakhulukazi uma kubhekwa umqondo owandile wokuthi
I-ISIS manje isithatha amaqhinga e-al-Qaeda.
U-Osama bin Ladin ukhulume nomphakathi wase-U.S
ngaphambi nje kokhetho luka-2004: “Ngokuphambene nokusho kukaBush ukuthi siyayizonda inkululeko - uma kunjalo, makasichazele ukuthi kungani singashayi isibonelo - eSweden? … Kodwa ngiyamangala ngawe. Yize sisonyakeni wesine ngemuva kwezehlakalo zikaSepthemba 11, uBush usabambe iqhaza ekuhlanekezeleni, ekukhohliseni nasekufihleni izimbangela zangempela. Ngakho-ke, izizathu zisekhona zokuphindaphinda okwenzekayo. ”
Cishe ngaso leso sikhathi, kusho uBin Ladin: “Lapho ngibona leyo mibhoshongo ebhidliziwe yaseLebanon kwaqubuka engqondweni yami ukuthi abacindezeli kufanele bajeziswe ngendlela efanayo nokuthi kufanele sicekele phansi imibhoshongo eMelika ukuze bezwe lokho esikunambithe futhi. ngakho bazoyeka ukubulala abesifazane nezingane zethu.” Bona isiqephu sami"Inqubomgomo Yase-U.S.: ‘Ukucisha umlilo ngophethiloli’?” esekelwe ezingxoxweni no-Lee Hamilton noThomas Kean,
Lesi siqephu cishe asikaze sicashunwe, futhi umongo waso wamangalelwa nguDonald Rumsfeld
incwadi yakhe, lapho ethi uBin Ladin “wayebhekisele ekucekeleni phansi kwezindlu zasolwandle nokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu kwenxusa laseMelika eBeirut.” Robin Wright ngendlela efanele
amanothi encwadini yakhe umongo wawuwukuthi u-bin Ladin wayebhekisele “ekuhlaseleni kwama-Israel e-Lebanon ngo-1982 ngezikhali zaseMelika.”
IParis kanye neLondon kufanele babheke eMadrid ekuthatheni izinyathelo zokulahla imiqondo yabo yobukhosi ekumiseni abaqokiwe babo abagxile ezimpini. U-Hollande ubhebhethekisa ukuqhuma kwamabhomu osekuphele unyaka iFrance iqhunyiswa eSyria - ibiza ukuqhuma kwamabhomu "okungenasihawu". UNdunankulu waseBrithani uDavid Cameron manje usefuna iBrithani ukuthi ijoyine ukuqhuma kwamabhomu eSyria - empeleni yamukela isitayela sase-US sombuso wama-ecumenical imperialism - hhayi nje ezizindeni zabo zendabuko njenge-Iraq.
Akufanele kube ngale ndlela. Umlando ungashintsha. Futhi iqiniso liwukuthi kukhona ifa elikhulu lokulwa ne-imperialism e-U.S. elihlala linganakwa. Igama elithi Mark Twain liyahlonishwa manje - usomahlaya u-Eddie Murphy usanda kuthola i-Mark Twain Award esikhungweni se-Kennedy ngenjabulo enkulu. Kodwa okuvame ukunganakwa ukuphikisa kukaTwain ukuthi i-US ibe amandla ombuso womhlaba. Ngo-1898, wasiza ekutholeni i-Anti Imperialist League futhi ngo-1900 wabhala: “Ngifunde ngokucophelela iSivumelwano SaseParis [phakathi kwe-United States neSpain], futhi ngibonile ukuthi asihlosile ukukhulula, kodwa ukubusa abantu. wasePhilippines. Siye lapho ukuyonqoba, hhayi ukuyohlenga…. Ngakho-ke ngingumuntu omelene nama-imperialist. Mina ngimelene nokuthi ukhozi lubeke izinzipho zalo kunoma yimuphi omunye umhlaba. Vele, ubukoloni base-US bubuyela emuva ezimpandeni zabo njengezwe lamakholoni elihlala abantu bomdabu baseNyakatho Melika.
Ngakho-ke, iSpain - nakuba kuseyilungu le-NATO elanikeza ukusekelwa kwe-NATO ngesikhathi kuqhuma ibhomu eLibya, okuholele enhlekeleleni enkulu lapho - okungenani ithathe isinyathelo sokusuka kwalasha ngemiphumela emihle. Lokhu kuphambene “nabaholi” baseParis, eLondon, eWashington nakwezinye izindawo abangene shi kukho. Bangase babonakale bezimisele ekuhlanganiseni isifiso sokufa esidukisiwe senhlekelele kanye nezinhloso zamakoloni kaMachiavellian. Noma mhlawumbe ukuziphakamisa okuhilelekile ekuqhubeni udlame nasekudlaleni umdlalo obulalayo wobukhazikhazi njengoba izigidi zibuka.
Ngo-2013, kwabulawa isosha laseBrithani edolobheni laseNgilandi i-Woolwich, eLondon. UMichael Adebolajo, omunye wababulali, wayichaza ngokucacile inhloso yakhe—ephethe igazi nemibese esandleni: “Susani ohulumeni benu, abanandaba nani. Ucabanga ukuthi uDavid Cameron uzobanjwa emgwaqeni lapho siqala ukuqhumisa izibhamu zethu? Ucabanga ukuthi osopolitiki bazokufa? Cha, kuzoba umfana ojwayelekile, njengawe nezingane zakho. Ngakho balahle. Batshele ukuthi babuyise amabutho ethu ukuze bonke bahlale ngokuthula. Ngakho shiya amazwe ethu futhi sonke singahlala ngokuthula. Yilokho kuphela engizokusho.” [
okulotshiweyo kanye nevidiyo]
Njengasendabeni yokuhlaselwa kwemitholampilo yokuhushula izisu, abantu kufanele balalelisise ukuze bathole isisusa sokuqonda kangcono izinqumo eziphambi kwethu.
Futhi izinketho zingase zibe: umbuso waseNtshonalanga noma intando yeningi enengqondo. Khetha.
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Usizo locwaningo: Michael Getzler.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
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