Ukuwohloka komnotho okujulile nokuthatha isikhathi eside kwePuerto Rico kuholele enkingeni enkulu yezikweletu. Futhi inhlanganisela yokwehla komnotho nezikweletu ezinkulu kunemiphumela emibi esiqhingini.
Kuyo yonke indawo e-United States commonwealth, imisebenzi yezinkampani ezizimele iyalahleka. Isamba sokuqashwa kwabantu e-Puerto Rico sehlile sisuka ezigidini ezingu-1.25 engxenyeni yokugcina yabasebenzi bonyaka wezimali ka-2007 saya ngaphansi kwesigidi cishe eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva. Ngaphandle kokuqashwa, inani elikhulu labantu basePuerto Rican (okuyizakhamizi zase-US) bathuthile. Kodwa, ngaphandle kwalokhu kundiza, izinga lokuntuleka kwemisebenzi manje 12.4%. Ngaphandle kwamathemba emisebenzi, izinga lokubamba iqhaza kwezabasebenzi lehle lafinyelela ku-40%, okuyizingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zezinga ezweni lase-US. Mayelana 60% wezingane zasePuerto Rico zimpofu.
Isimo sesikweletu somphakathi ngokusobala asisimami, futhi umnotho wawo uzokwazi ukusimama kuphela uma uqala kabusha. Kodwa, ngokungafani nomasipala base-US, iPuerto Rico ayivikelwe yikhodi yokuqothuka yase-US. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinqubo zokuxoxisana ezisatshalaliswayo zokuhlelwa kabusha kwezikweletu zivame ukuholela emiphumeleni eyinhlekelele, nokukhululeka okutholiwe kungenele ukubuyisela ukusimama kwezikweletu.
Iqaphela leli qiniso, iPuerto Rico yenza eyakhe umthetho wokuqothuka, kodwa iNkantolo Ephakeme yase-US yasichitha, ngoba isiqhingi sinjalo de facto ikoloni yaseMelika, kanye nekhodi yokuqothuka kwenhlangano ivumela iCongress yase-US kuphela ukuthi yenze umthetho wokuqothuka endaweni yayo. Ekugcineni, iCongress yathatha isinyathelo futhi yasungulwa ISITHEMBISO, umthetho oklanywe ngokusobala ukusiza ukuhlelwa kabusha kwezikweletu kanye ukusimama komnotho. Ibonisa umbono ojwayelekile wamakholoni wokuthi ikoloni alikwazi ukwethenjwa ukuthi lingenza izinqumo ezizimele, Ibhodi Lokulawulwa Kwezezimali elihlangene kabili lakhiwe ukuze lenze izinqumo zezimali zase-Puerto Rico.
Kodwa iPROMESA iletha izinkinga eziningi kunezixazululo. Muva nje, Ibhodiโelibonakala lintula kokubili ukuqonda kwezomnotho okuyisisekelo nokuziphendulela kwentando yeningi ukuze linikeze amasheke ngokumelene nokungakwazi kwalo - eshicilelwe izimfuno zayo zonyaka wezimali olandelayo. Ibhodi empeleni labikezela ukuthi iziphakamiso zalo zizoguqula ukwehla komnotho kwe-Puerto Rico kube ukucindezeleka okukhulu okungavamile ukubonakala noma kuphi: ukwehla ngo-16.2% ku-GNP onyakeni wezimali olandelayo (kanye nokwehla okwengeziwe ngonyaka olandelayo), okungaqhathaniswa nolwazi lwe-GNP. amazwe abhekene nezimpi zombango, noma lelo laseVenezuela elikhungethwe izinhlekelele.
Lokho kungenxa yokuthi uhlelo lweBhodi lubeka phambili kubabolekisi besiqhingi. Ichaza ngokungafanele inani elincane okufanele likhokhelwe kubo ngesikhathi esifushane, futhi iphoqa uhulumeni ukuthi enze noma yini ukuze afinyelele lowo mgomo, noma ngabe lokho kusho ukucekela phansi umnotho wendawo. Ngempela, lolu hlelo luqinisekisa inhlekelele yezenhlalo kanye neyomnotho, ngenxa yokwehliswa okukhulu kwempesheni, imfundo, kanye nezindleko zezempilo.
Kuyamangaza ukuthi uhlelo lweBhodi luyinhlakanhlaka uma kuza esibophweni salo esimaphakathi: ukwakha uhlelo lokuhlela kabusha izikweletu. Lokhu kuwumbono omfishane, ngoba ukucindezela umnotho kuzoqhubeza ukwanda kwezikweletu. Abakhokhi bentela base-US bazolahlekelwa, futhi: bazokhokhela izindleko ezihambisana nokufuduka okuphezulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngisho nabakweletwayo bazolahlekelwa. Isifundo esihlongozwayo asigcini nje ngokungenabulungiswa, kodwa futhi asisebenzi futhi ekugcineni siyazeyisa.
Labo abakhuthaza ukuseviswa kwengxenye yezikweleti ezisasele manje bathi lokhu kuzobonisa ukuthi iPuerto Rico injalo Uzimisele ukukhokha, okungase kukhuthaze ukuzethemba kwabakweletwayo nabatshalizimali. Kodwa inkinga yasePuerto Rico ukuntula umthamo ukukhokha, hhayi ukuntuleka ukuzimisela. Okuwukuphela kwendlela i-commonwealth engakhuthaza ngayo ukuzethemba iwukubuyisela ukukhula komnotho.
Lolu hlelo lubandakanya izingcingo eziphusile zokuthuthukisa ukuqoqwa kwentela nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko zikahulumeni. Kodwa, nakuba kudingeka, izinyathelo ezinjalo ngeke ziyixazulule inkinga.
Ibhodi lidida ukusebenza kahle nokuqiniswa. Futhi nakuba kungaba kuhle uma ngomlingo umuntu engase alethe ukwanda kokukhiqiza, izinkinga zangempela zesiqhingi azibizi kangako izinguquko eziphathelene nokuhlinzekwa kwempahla kodwa nokwanda kwesidingo. I-Puerto Rico isemgomeni ophoqelelwe ngokwesidingo, oboniswa ukusetshenziswa okubalulekile kwezici zayo zokukhiqiza. Uhlelo lweBhodi luyibhebhethekisa ngokuphawulekayo le nkinga, ngaphandle kokubonisa noma yikuphi ukuqaphela ukuthi lenza njalo.
Embusweni ophoqelelwe, izinyathelo zakamuva zokwandisa ukuguquguquka kwemakethe yezemisebenzi - futhi ngaleyo ndlela kube lula ukwehliswa kwamaholo ngabaqashi - ngeke kubangele ukukhula ngokushesha. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amaholo aphansi azoholela ekwehliseni ukusetshenziswa kwemali, kubhebhethekise ukucindezeleka, futhi kwandise amathuba okuthuthela e-US, lapho amaholo aphezulu kakhulu.
Ukuzibophezela ekubuyiseleni ukukhula komnotho kufanele kube isizinda sanoma yisiphi isiphakamiso sokuhlela kabusha - noma sanoma yiluphi uhlelo lwezimali olusebenzayo - lwasePuerto Rico. Lokho kuzibophezela kufanele kuqale ngokusulwa kwesikweletu esikhulu, kanye nokumisa okwesikhashana zonke izinkokhelo zezikweletu. Kodwa lokhu ngeke kwanele: ngisho noma iPuerto Rico ingazikhokhi izikweletu esikhathini esifushane, ukushoda kwayo okuyinhloko kusho ukuthi kusazodingeka ukuthi ithathe izinyathelo ezizocindezela umsebenzi wezomnotho.
Kungakho uhlelo lokuhlela kabusha kufanele lubandakanye into yesithathu: isigatshana esihlinzeka ngokuboleka imali esilele emuva, okuthi, ngokwenza isikweletu esisha sibe phezulu esikweletini esidala, sivumele iPuerto Rico ukuthi ithole isikweletu esisha manje, lapho isidinga kakhulu. Lokhu kuzodala isikhala iziphathimandla ezisidingayo ukuze zisebenzise izinqubomgomo zomnotho omkhulu ezisiza ukusimama.
Ibhodi le-PROMESA bekufanele lihlele indlela yokululama; uhlelo lwayo lenza ukululama kube yinto engenakwenzeka ebonakalayo. Uma uhlelo lweBhodi lwamukelwa, abantu basePuerto Rico bazobhekana nokuhlupheka okungenakuchazwa. Futhi ngasiphi isiphetho? Inkinga ngeke ixazululwe. Kunalokho, isimo sesikweletu sizoba esingasimami nakakhulu.
UJoseph E. Stiglitz, owathola umklomelo weNobel Memorial ku-Economic Science ngo-2001 kanye neNdondo ka-John Bates Clark ngo-1979, unguSolwazi Wenyuvesi e-Columbia University, UnguSihlalo Obambisene Weqembu Lochwepheshe Bezinga Eliphezulu Ekukalweni Kokusebenza Komnotho Nezenhlalakahle. Inqubekelaphambili ku-OECD, kanye Nosomnotho Omkhulu we-Roosevelt Institute. Owake waba yiphini likamongameli omkhulu kanye nosomnotho omkhulu weBhange Lomhlaba kanye nosihlalo woMkhandlu kamongameli wase-US woMkhandlu Wabeluleki Bezomnotho ngaphansi kukaBill Clinton, ngo-2000 wasungula i-Initiative for Policy Dialogue, ithangi lokucabanga ngentuthuko yamazwe ngamazwe elizinze e-Columbia University. Incwadi yakhe yakamuva ithi I-Euro: Ukuthi Imali Ejwayelekile Ilibeka Kanjani Ikusasa LaseYurophu Engozini.
UMartin Guzman, ozakwabo bocwaningo e-Columbia University Business School kanye noprofesa ohlangene eNyuvesi yaseBuenos Aires, ungusihlalo ngokubambisana we-Columbia Initiative for Policy Dialogue Taskforce on Debt Restructuring and Sovereign Bankruptcy kanye nozakwabo ophezulu e-Center for International. I-Governance Innovation (CIGI).
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
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