I uthole ucingo olungajwayelekile ngasekupheleni konyaka odlule luvela ku-Duane Morris, inkampani yabameli bamazwe ngamazwe ezinze e-Philadelphia. Owesifazane ocingweni wathi uDuane Morris ubesebenza noSeniyela uBlanche Lincoln kanye nezinye zezinkampani ezihamba phambili emhlabeni, njengeMicrosoft ne-Google, ukwakha “inhlangano yaphansi” ukusiza abazimele.
Ngabuza ukuthi le nhlangano izokwenza kanjani lokho, futhi yangiphendula ngokuthi umthetho wokuqashwa wenza abaqashi babe sengcupheni yokumangalelwa kanye nenhlawulo yokubeka abasebenzi ngokwehla ngamabomu - ukubiza abasebenzi ngosonkontileka abazimele esikhundleni sabasebenzi abasebenza ngokugcwele (abazofaneleka ukuthola izinzuzo). Lokhu “kuba sengozini” kudala ukungabaza ukuqasha ama-freelancers futhi, ngokusho kwabahleli balo “mnyakazo,” inkinga enkulu - enkulu kunokuthola usizo lwezempilo, ukukhokha izikweletu, ukuthwala umthwalo onzima wesikweletu semalimboleko yabafundi, noma ukufinyelela imali enkulu. - sibhekene nama-freelancers namuhla.
Njengoba ngisebenza ezimele umlobi futhi umhleli, wangibuza, ngangingafuni yini ukuhlanganyela ekulweleni inkululeko yami ukuze ngiqhube ibhizinisi lami?
Owesifazane ocingweni wangiqondisa kunhlangano entsha iwebhusayithi — bekugcwele i-infotainment mayelana nokuvikela ilungelo labazimele lokuqhuba amabhizinisi abo — ingasaphathwa eyezindida, izithombe zesitoko zabanikazi bamabhizinisi amancane, kanye negeyimu ye-Flash emangalisayo lapho umfundi ekwazi ukujikijela amabhola eqhwa abophe insingo— egqoke zombie snowmen kwakusho ukumela osopolitiki.
Le webhusayithi ixwayise ngokuthi imithetho efana nePayroll Fraud Prevention Act kanye ne-Employee Misclassification Prevention Act “ingaphoqa izinkulungwane zabantu ukuthi zivale amabhizinisi azo futhi zixoshe abasebenzi. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kuzoba nemiphumela emibi emnothweni.”
Kwaba sobala ukuthi lo mzamo wokwenza “inhlangano yabasemazingeni aphansi” ethusayo ukuze kube lula ukuthi izinkampani zihlukanise abasebenzi njengezikhathi ezibucayi empeleni wawumayelana nokwenza kube lula ukwenqaba izinzuzo engxenyeni enkulu yabasebenzi. Ukuba khona kweMicrosoft lapha bekuyisipho esifile - umdondoshiya wesoftware udume kabi ngale mikhuba futhi ubekade ekhona. uboshwe izikhathi eziningana ngabasebenzi.
Esimeni sezomnotho lapho inqwaba yabasebenzi abahlukahlukene kunangaphambili, kusukela kubashayeli be-Uber kuya kodokotela bakwa-ER kuya kwabalungisa izinwele, bephoqeleka ukuthi basebenze “njengosonkontileka abazimele” esikhundleni sokuqashwa ngezinga elithile lokuzinza, inkinga ayikho leyo. amabhizinisi amancane adinga inkululeko yokusebenza - ukuthi lokho okwakuyimisebenzi manje sekubhekwa njengamabhizinisi amancane.
Ukufiphalisa umugqa phakathi kwesigaba sabasebenzi kanye nonxiwankulu abancane ngokusobala kuzuzisa imali enkulu lapha - hhayi abantu abafana nami. Ngenqabile ukujoyina “umnyakazo.”
Ama-freelancers angayithengi impikiswano yokuthi ayingxenye encane yebhizinisi elikhulu ngokuvamile aphikisa ngokuthi ayingxenye yalokho osekubizwa ngokuthi “i-precariat.” Leli gama lavela emibhikishweni ye-G2001 yango-8 e-Genoa - isizinda se-proletariat futhi esibucayi okuhloswe ngaso ukuchaza inkambiso yomhlaba wonke kude nokuqashwa okusemthethweni kanye nokubhekelwa kwemisebenzi engenzi lutho (ikakhulukazi emazweni athuthukile) kanye nomkhakha ongakahleleki okhulayo (ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka ).
Kusukela lapho kube nenkulumompikiswano enkulu ngaleli gama. Isazi sezomnotho uGuy Standing wabhala a ibhuku mayelana naleli klasi elisha, elakhiwe “abasebenzi besikhashana nabayitoho, abasebenzi abanenkontileka encane, abasebenzi basezikhungweni zezingcingo, [kanye] nabafundi abaningi abaqeqeshelwa umsebenzi,” bephikisana ngokuthi laba basebenzi abayona ingxenye yeqembu labasebenzi - alichaza ngendlela eshaqisayo. ngendlela “njengezisebenzi zesikhathi eside, ezinzile, zamahora angaguquki ezinemizila emisiwe yentuthuko, ngaphansi kokuhlanganiswa kwezinyunyana kanye nezivumelwano ezihlangene, ezinamabizo omsebenzi oyise nomama bazo ababengawaqonda, bebhekene nabaqashi bendawo amagama abo nezici ababezazi kahle. .”
Ezinye izazi ziyakungabaza ukuhlukaniswa kwaleli gama. UCharlie Post uthi ukuthi ngaphambi kweMpi Yezwe I, “iningi labantu abasebenzayo laliphila ukuphila okuyingozi ngendlela emangalisayo,” lingakwazi ukuthola uhlobo lwemisebenzi I- Standing ihlukanisa “isigaba sabasebenzi”; UJan Breman, kweyakhe ukubuyekeza yencwadi kaStanding, iphawula ukuthi ku Manifesto wamaKhomanisi UMarx no-Engels baphikisa ngokuthi esinye sezimo ezichazayo “zokwenziwa kwabasebenzi” ukuqiniseka: “Njengoba ziphucwa indlela yokuziphilisa, izisebenzi zingaphila ngokuthengisa umsebenzi wazo kuphela.”
Okwengeza ukudideka mayelana nendlela yokuqonda nokuhlonza isigaba kunxiwankulu besimanje ukuthi ama-freelancers, amanani abo athuthuke emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, akhiwe ngokwemibono njengengxenye yonxiwankulu abancane, nakuba abaphansi, naphezu kokudayisa umsebenzi wabo ukuze bathole amaholo futhi. ngokuvamile ukuphila ngezandla, ngaphandle kokufinyelela ekunakekelweni kwezempilo noma ezinye izinzuzo - uhlobo "lwe-precari-bourgeoisie."
Izimpikiswano ezisuka phezulu nezisuka phansi zokuba khona kwalesi sigaba-mbumbulu sezandise izinganekwane eziningi mayelana namalungu aso. Ake sibheke ezimbalwa ezivame kakhulu ukubona ukuthi lo mqondo we-precari-bourgeoisie uyabambelela yini.
Inganekwane 1: The Extremely-Petit-Bourgeoisie
Ukuqokwa kwama-freelancers njengesigaba esisha sosomabhizinisi - iqembu lama-CEO amancane-petit-bourgeois mini-CEO aqhuba amabhizinisi amancane alungele ukuba izinkampani zangempela - kungenye yezinganekwane eziyinhloko ezixhumene nomsebenzi onzima namuhla.
Ngaba umlobi nomhleli osebenza ngokugcwele ngo-2011 futhi, njengabanye abazimele abasha, ngabhekana ubuso nobuso nemibono egcwele yezamabhizinisi. Kukhona imboni yonke yezincwadi ezisakaza le nganekwane, kuhlanganise I-Wealthy Freelancer, Umbhali Wondle Kahle, futhi - yami intandokazi yomuntu siqu - I-Hell Yeah Diaries: Ukuqhuma Okungaqinisekisiwe Endleleni eya kuzibalo ezingu-7. Yiba yi-freelancer enamanani ayisithupha! Lawula ikusasa lakho! Awuyona i-freelancer, uyi-CEO ye-You, Incorporated!
Umbono ucacile: thatha umqondo we-CEO futhi ngokushesha uzobe uqasha abasebenzi, ungene ehhovisi elisha elihlakaniphile, futhi uyothengela iFerraris. Inqwaba yesidlo sasekuseni senethiwekhi yebhizinisi ikhuthaza lokhu kulandisa. Uma ukhetha ukuya kwenye, uzodinga ukuzijwayeza inkulumo yakho yekheshi futhi ushintshisane ngamakhadi ebhizinisi nabanye abantu besigaba sabasebenzi abagqoke amasudi. Inethiwekhi ngeke ikwenze ucebe, yebo - cishe uzovele ukhathazeke mayelana nehora lesikhathi sokukhiqiza osilahlekele, bese uchitha amasonto uvikela abathengisi bomshwalense wempilo.
I-New York-based Freelancers Union (sexwayiso: hhayi inyunyana yangempela) ichaza abazimele ngokuthi “abantu abenze umsebenzi owengeziwe, wesikhashana, noma osuselwe kuphrojekthi noma wenkontileka ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ezedlule.” Le ncazelo ilingana nabantu baseMelika abayizigidi ezingama-53 - amaphesenti angama-34 abasebenzi bezwe lonke. Ngokusho komsunguli we-Freelancers Union USara Horowitz, ngesikhathi "sokuwohloka okukhulu komnotho ngemuva kuka-2008 inani labantu baseMelika abaqala amabhizinisi abo lafinyelela eminyakeni eyishumi nanhlanu phezulu - futhi iningi lalingabanini bodwa."
I-Freelancers Union muva nje kucwaningwe 5,000 osonkontileka abazimele abazimele kanye uthole lokho Amaphesenti angama-40 abasebenzi abazimele - abantu abayizigidi ezingama-21.1 - baziphilisa njengosonkontileka abazimele. Omunye ozimele oyizigidi eziyi-14.3 ngenkathi ebambe umsebenzi wosuku ngokugcwele. Abanye abayizigidi ezingu-9.3 babamba itoho ukuze bengezele umsebenzi abazimele, kanti abayizigidi ezingu-5.5 bathathwa njengezikhathi zesikhashana. Bangamaphesenti amahlanu kuphela, abangu-5 million, abangaba ngabanikazi bamabhizinisi abazimele, baqashe omunye umuntu oyedwa kuya kwabahlanu.
Ngokuqondene nalawo ma-freelancers anamanani ayisithupha, empeleni awenzi yonke leyo mali ngokuthengisa izinga labo lesiqephu somsebenzi noma ngehora. Iningi likwenza ngokuthengisa imikhiqizo - njengama-e-books noma amakilasi aqoshwe ngaphambilini okuthi ungaba kanjani a i-freelancer enamanani ayisithupha (itholakala ngo-$49.95 kuphela). Bakwenza futhi ngokuqasha abasebenzi noma (okungenzeka kakhulu) bathengise abathengisi futhi baxhaphaze abasebenzi babo - ngamanye amazwi, ngokudlulela ezinhlwini zonxiwankulu bangempela. Futhi, okungenani ezimweni eziningi, ukwenza lolo shintsho kudinga ukufinyelela emalini.
Eqinisweni, ukuhlukana kwekilasi phakathi kwabazimele kuyisibonelo sokuhlukana kwekilasi kuwo wonke umphakathi - abazimele, ingxenye enkulu, bahlala bengamalungu ekilasi ababengamalungu alo ngaphambi kokuba baqale ukusebenza ngokuzimele. Amaphesenti angama-99, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, omhlaba ozimele ahlala esesigabeni sabasebenzi, ethengisa abasebenzi bethu njengeziqephu, evalelwe emzabalazweni oqhubekayo nesigaba sonxiwankulu - manje njengamakhasimende kunokuba abaphathi - ngokwezinga lokuxhashazwa kwezisebenzi zethu ( okungukuthi, sihola malini).
Ukulebula osomabhizinisi abazimele esikhundleni sabasebenzi kongela onxiwankulu inqwaba yamaholo, izinzuzo, nezintela zamaholo. Akumangazi ukuthi ukuhlukanisa abasebenzi ngendlela engafanele njengosonkontileka abazimele kuwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokukhwabanisa kwezinkampani - ngokunembile uhlobo lokukhwabanisa izinkampani eziqashe u-Duane Morris ezifuna ukulwenza lube semthethweni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, nakuba sekuvele kunzima kubasebenzi abasebenza endaweni efanayo, bakhokhelwa amaholo ajwayelekile, futhi bathintana nsuku zonke—akukho noyedwa wabo okuhlangenwe nakho kwama-freelancers - osonkontileka abazimele nabo kufanele balwe Sherman Antitrust Act, okubonisa imizamo yokusetha amaholo embonini ajwayelekile njengokulungisa amanani futhi ngaleyo ndlela abengekho emthethweni.
Nakuba kunjalo ukuthi izakhiwo zekilasi zingashintsha futhi zishintshe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi (njengoBertell Ollman uveza, uMarx washesha ukuphawula lokhu, ikakhulukazi maqondana ne-United States), kubalulekile ukuwachaza hhayi ngohlu lwezimfanelo ezifanayo kodwa mayelana nobudlelwano bokukhiqiza - ukungqubuzana okusenhliziyweni yawo wonke umzabalazo wezigaba. .
Ukuqondanisa ama-freelancers ngokombono nezinjongo zonxiwankulu (okwenziwa amanye ama-Marx, njengoba u-Eric Olin Wright ebhala ku-Petit-Bourgeoisie Amakilasi), nakuba iningi lifana kakhulu nesigaba sabasebenzi, limisa esinye futhi isithiyo sokubavimbela ekuhleleni nasekufuneni amalungelo njengabasebenzi. Njengoba uRichard Seymour uyayifaka: “Umzamo wokufihla, noma ‘ukunyamalala,’ umqondo wesigaba uwumsebenzi owenziwe ngamabomu wepolitiki.”
Inganekwane yesi-2: Ikilasi Lokudala
Kuthiwani “ngesigaba sokusungula” sabazimele ababheka umsebenzi njengomsebenzi wothando, abachitha amahora amaningi ngenxa yothando oluphelele lomdlalo? Njengoba i ethi uyahamba, "Yenza okuthandayo futhi awusoze wasebenza usuku empilweni yakho."
Kulo mbono, umsebenzi wokudala "uphikisana nokuhlukaniswa" - njengoNicole Cohen ibeka yayo - ngoba izisebenzi zamasiko ezisebenza ngemibono noma ukuziveza zinikezwa "ukuzimela okuhlobene nenqubo yabasebenzi," ngezinga elithile lokulawula nokuziqondisa emsebenzini wabo. Ukusebenza ekhaya, ikakhulukazi, kukhulula isisebenzi ekulawuleni okuqinile komqashi - amakhodi okugqoka, izihlungi ze-inthanethi, nemikhawulo yekhefu; onxiwankulu baye baqaphela ukuthi, njengoba uCohen ekuchaza, “ukulawula ukukhiqizwa kungayekelelwa uma kungesona isithiyo sokuxhashazwa.” Uma umsebenzi engaholi, okubalulekile nje ukuthi umsebenzi uyenziwa yini.
Ama-freelancers avame ukucatshangwa njengasebenza ezindaweni zokudala, ezimhlophe njengemidiya, ukushicilela, kanye nobuchwepheshe. Kodwa isigaba empeleni sinwebeka kakhulu futhi sihlanganisa abantu abahlukahlukene njengabenzi bekhabhinethi, abazanyana, abathengisa ngomzimba, ama-ejenti omshwalense, abasizi bokuphatha, amaciko, abahumushi nabahumushi (kanye nomsebenzi wami, amakhophi abahleli).
Eminye yale misebenzi, njengamaciko nababhali, inobuhlakani; abanye banqamula umugqa phakathi kokusungula kanye (kaningi) nokukhiqizwa kwebhizinisi okuqondile (abahumushi, abahleli, nabakopishi); abanye benza imisebenzi “engeyona into edabukisayo” njengokunakekela izingane, ucansi, ukuzala abantwana ngokwesivumelwano, noma ukunakekela indlu.
Isizathu sokuthi imikhakha yezobuciko, abezindaba, kanye nezobuchwepheshe ivame ukuhlonzwa nge-freelancing ukuthi lezi zimboni zamukele imodeli yokusebenzela ezizimele ngaphambili kakhulu futhi ngokucophelela kakhulu kunezinye izimboni. Njengoba uCohen ebonisa, ukushintshela ezinhlotsheni zemisebenzi eziyingozi kwaqalwa ezimbonini zamasiko, eziye “zisebenza njengesibonelo somsebenzi ovumelana nezimo, osekelwe emaphrojekthini kwezinye izimboni.”
Leyo modeli manje isikhiqizwa kabusha yonke indawo kusukela emanyuvesi kuya ekunakekelweni kwezempilo kuya kumasaluni ezinwele. Kodwa ukusebenza ngokuzimela “akusho ukuphunyuka ekuxhashazweni noma ekuphikisaneni nomnotho wabasebenzi,” njengoba ephawula — “izinkampani ezithembele kubasebenzi abazisebenzelayo sezisungule ezinye izindlela zokuthola inani lemali eningi ezisebenzini . . . okuhlanganisa nokwenyuka kwesikhathi sokusebenza esingakhokhelwa kanye nokuphishekela amalungelo obunikazi ngobudlova.” Leso sikhathi esingakhokhelwa sihlanganisa yonke into kusukela ekucwaningeni nasekuthumeleni ama-athikili kuya kuma-invoyisi, ukuphathwa kwephrojekthi, ukumaketha nokuthengisa, nomsebenzi wokuphatha, konke kanye kungumthwalo womqashi.
Manje, kukhona uhlamvu lweqiniso lapha: umsebenzi wokudala ungaba nokwanelisa ngokwengeziwe. Ngokwami, ngithanda ukusebenzela ekhaya, ukuhlela amaklayenti afana ne-Haymarket Books kanye ne-Historical Materialism, kakhulu kunokuba ngithande ukuhlela izinto zokuqeqesha zebhizinisi ehhovisi elingaphansi elingenamafasitela. I do ngiziphushele ukusebenza amahora amade ukuze ngithathe amaphrojekthi engiwathanda ngempela.
Kodwa "i-portfolio career," lapho abasebenzi abanobuhlakani bejaja amaklayenti amaningi kanye namaphrojekthi ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze baziphilise ngenkathi besebenzisa lawo maphrojekthi ukuze bamakethe amakhono abo futhi bathole iphrojekthi elandelayo, kuyisenzo sokulinganisa.
Kuwo wonke umlando omangalisayo ka-Frantz Fanon, kunamahora amaningi okuhlola imibiko yebhizinisi nokubhala amawebhusayithi ukuze abadayisi bezindlu bakhokhe irenti, isikweletu semali mboleko yabafundi, kanye nezinkokhelo zomshwalense wezempilo.
Ababhali abazimele abahlolwa ngu-Cohen babheka ubuntatheli obungathi sína, obuthatha isikhathi eside njengento ewubukhazikhazi, into abavumelana ngayo nama-gigs okukhokha imali ayisicefe athatha ingxenye enkulu yesikhathi sabo. Nakuba abazimele ngezinye izikhathi bejabulela “umuntu ngamunye . . . inkululeko, ukuzimela, nokuzithiba” (njengoMarx yibeke) kunabasebenzi basendlini, ivinjelwe ngokuqinile ngesidingo sokuthengisa amandla akho omsebenzi esimweni sokuncintisana okukhulayo kanye nengcindezi ephansi yamaholo.
Inganekwane yesi-3: Kodwa Kungokuzithandela!
Ingabe abazimele bayaphushwa noma bayagxuma? Ingabe kunendaba?
Abantu abazimele ngezizathu eziningi. Abanye bakhona ngempela ukuze bathole inhlanhla nenkazimulo, njengoba izinkolelo-ze mayelana nezinkulungwane zeminyaka ezinganaki ziyoba nayo; inhlolovo ye-Freelancers Union yathola ukuthi abaningi abaphendula bakhethe umsebenzi wokuziphilisa futhi bajabule ngalokho kukhetha.
Akungabazeki ukuthi ukungabi nomphathi kunokuningi okunikezwayo: akukho politiki yasehhovisi, akukho pantyhose, akukho ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi okuvela kubaphathi abanobuqili, akukho ukulanda noma ubani ikhofi, akukho uhambo lokuya emsebenzini. Ama-freelancers nawo anelungelo lokwenqaba amaphrojekthi, nakuba leyo nkululeko yemvume incike emsebenzini omningi.
Nakuba lezi zici zikhanga, noma kunjalo, azizona ngempela izishayeli zesinqumo sokuzimela.
Ingxenye enkulu kakhulu yabazimele basebenza njengosonkontileka abazimele ngoba izimboni zabo sezihlele kabusha, zaqeda ukuqashwa okungaguquki kanye nokuphepha kwemisebenzi. Ekushicileleni nasekuphrinteni imithombo yezindaba, isibonelo, ababhali, abahleli, abaklami, nabanye ochwepheshe bemidiya manje sebesebenza ngokukhululeka ngenxa yokuthi imboni yakhelwe eduze kwezisebenzi zamathambo ezixhashazwe kakhulu ehhovisi kanye nebutho eligodliwe labasebenzi abazisebenzelayo elizonikezwa inkontileka ngokuthanda kwabo.
Abanye abazimele ngenxa yokuthi imboni yabo yahlelwa kabusha ngaphambi kokuba bafike lapho, noma yadalwa eduze kwemodeli yebutho le-reserve ukuqala nje. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kubasebenzi abasebasha kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nemidiya yedijithali, lapho izinhlobo zemisebenzi ezinzile u-Guy Standing azocabangela imisebenzi "yeqembu labasebenzi beqiniso" zingakaze zibe khona kwasekuqaleni.
Okokugcina, kunomkhakha, ovame ukubukelwa phansi, wabasebenzi abaphoqeleka ukuthi basebenze ngokukhululeka ngenxa yokuthi izimo zokuqashwa ngokwendabuko ziye zabacindezela ngokwenqaba ukunakekela izidingo eziyisisekelo zabasebenzi, njengezinsuku zokugula nekhefu labazali.
Umthetho weFamily Medical Leave, ovumela abanye abasebenzi ukuthi bathathe ilivu yokubeletha engakhokhelwa, usebenza kubaqashi abangaphansi kwamaphesenti ayishumi; I-US kanye nePapua New Guinea yizona amazwe kuphela emhlabeni ezingaqinisekisi noma yiliphi ikhefu lokuyoteta ngokomthetho.
Ngokwe-Bureau of Labor Statistics, cishe amaphesenti angama-75 abasebenzi base-US abasebenza ngokugcwele kanye namaphesenti angama-27 abasebenzi betoho banezinsuku ezithile zokugula ezikhokhelwayo. Isisebenzi esijwayelekile esisebenza ngokugcwele esinesikhathi esingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu - ubude obumaphakathi bomsebenzi - sinaso izinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili kuya kweziyisishiyagalolunye yelivu yokugula ekhokhelwayo ngonyaka. Lesi sikhathi singahlanganisa noma singafaki izinsuku zeholide, njengoba abaqashi abaningi bekhetha umgomo “wesikhathi esikhokhelwayo” ukuze usetshenziselwe ukugula. or iholide.
Abazali (ikakhulukazi abazali abangabodwa) kanye nabantu abaphila nokukhubazeka noma ukugula okungamahlalakhona babhekene nokukhetha: ukusebenza begula futhi badele ukunakekelwa okudingekayo bona kanye nezingane zabo, noma babhekane nokuxoshwa ngaphansi kwenqubomgomo yomqashi wabo yokuba khona emsebenzini. Uma ungakwazi ukukhubazeka noma ungakwazi ukukhokhela ukuba umzali ohlala ekhaya, ukukhetha okusele wukwenza umsebenzi ozimele. Ngaphezulu kwamaphesenti angu-40 abaphendulile ocwaningweni lwe-Freelancers Union babhale ukuguquguquka kweshejuli njengesisusa esiyinhloko sokusebenza ngokukhululeka.
Uma kubhekwa ukuthi imithwalo yokunakekelwa kwezingane kanye nokunakekelwa kwabadala ibekwe ngendlela engalingani kwabesifazane, ibhalansi yobulili yabasebenzi abazimele ithambekele kakhulu. Ngisanda kuhambela ingqungquthela yabahleli abazimele lapho abangaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-75 abebehambele bekungabesifazane.
Kuyamangaza ukuthi imiphumela yakamuva ye-Bureau of Labor Statistics ikhombisa ukuthi igebe lomholo labesifazane, elingamasenti angama-77 edola labesifazane abamhlophe futhi eliphansi njengesenti elingu-51 kwabesifazane abamnyama nabaseLatina, libonakala lincishiswa noma liqedwa ngisho nasemhlabeni ozimele, kuye ngezinye izici ezifana nobuhlanga. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi abanye abasebenzi bangase babale ukuthi ukucwaswa kwabaqashi kwenza isimo singenzeki kangangokuthi bangcono bazinakekele, ngaphandle kokuqashwa okusemthethweni.
Pho kungashiwo ukuthi laba basebenzi bagxumile, noma baphushwa?
Inganekwane yesi-4: Ikilasi Elingenakwenzeka
Sitshelwa kaningi, ngamazwi adabukisayo kodwa aphikisayo, ukuthi umkhakha ozimele awukwazi ukuwuhlela. Iqiniso liwukuthi kusazonqunywa, nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi imizamo yokuhlela lo mkhakha kuze kube manje ibonakale ingaphumeleli.
Kunezinyunyana ezimbalwa ezibonakala abasebenzi abazimele abangazijoyina: isibonelo, i I-Freelancers Union, enikeza izisebenzi ezizimele ngezeluleko, inethiwekhi, izaphulelo ezinsizeni zebhizinisi, futhi, kwezinye izingxenye zezwe, nethuba lokuthenga umshwalense wezempilo weqembu. Nakuba inhlangano engenzi nzuzo imelela izintshisekelo zama-freelancers, ayihleli noma ibambe iqhaza ezingxabanweni zamaholo noma emzabalazweni wezigaba. Ngempela, u-Atossa Abrahamian uye waphikisana ukuthi, ngokuthula ama-freelancers, i-Freelance Union inikeza isevisi ebalulekile emalini.
Amanye ama-freelancers (ngihlanganise nami) angamalungu e- Inyunyana Yababhali Kazwelonke (Indawo ka-1981 ye-United Auto Workers), eyaqashwa njengenhlangano ezimele yababhali abazimele ngo-1983 futhi yaba yingxenye ye-UAW ngo-1991.
I-NWU iyangenelela ezingxabanweni zamaholo, ezimeni lapho kunokuxhashazwa okukhulu ngokwanele futhi kuyiqoqo ngokwanele ukuze yenze ukuhlela kube ngokoqobo—ngokwesibonelo, ukulandela omagazini abavame ukukhohlisa ababhali ukuze babakhokhele. Iphinde inikeze ama-workshops okufundisa kanye nezeluleko zezomthetho kumalungu.
Kodwa kulezi zinhlangano azikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi inyunyana yabasebenzi ngokwendabuko yaleli gama, futhi azinawo amandla amaningi okubeka amaholo. Lezi zindlela zokuhlela zisadinga uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi ukuze lusebenze kahle.
Izisebenzi ezizimele zingadinga izindlela ezintsha zokuhlela. Okunye okungenzeka kube ukujoyina abasebenzi bangaphakathi emsebenzini wabo wezinyunyana - the imizamo yamanje yokuhlela e-Gawker Media ingase ibonise ukuthi iyafundisa kuleli phuzu.
Kodwa uma ingxenye yalokho okuchaza isigaba ukuqaphela isigaba, kuya ngokuya kucaca, njengabasebenzi abahola kancane. ukulwela $15 futhi abafundi baqala benqaba imithwalo yabo yezikweletu, ukuthi abazimele ngeke besakwazi ukususwa njengokuhambisana ngokwemibono nonxiwankulu abancane. Ama-freelancers aya ngokuya ephuma ezizindeni zabasebenzi, asebenzela amaholo aphansi, futhi abelane ngezithakazelo eziyinhloko - kanye nokuba sengozini - kwesigaba sabasebenzi esibanzi.
Asibona onxiwankulu - siyikusasa lomzabalazo wezigaba.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela