Ezifundeni ezaguqukela kuDonald Trump ngo-2016 ngemuva kokuvotela uBarack Obama ngo-2012, iFlorida, ngamavoti ayo angama-29 e-Electoral College, yayinkulu kakhulu. Kuphinde kube ngesinye sezibonelo ezigqame kakhulu zokuthi imizamo yokucindezelwa kwabavoti ihlanekezela kanjani uhlelo lwezepolitiki, imvamisa ukuze kuzuze abantu baseRiphabhulikhi abazobe bezabalaza ukuwina embusweni wentando yeningi omele kakhulu. Umthetho waseFlorida uyavinjelwa noma ngubani olahlwe icala kusukela ekuvoteni, impilo yabo yonke. Lokhu kusho ukuthi cishe 1.7 isigidi samaFloridians - abantu abadala abangaphezu koyedwa kwabayi-10 abaneminyaka yobudala yokuvota โ bavinjelwe unomphela kuma-poll.
U-Hillary Clinton ulahlekelwe yi-Sunshine State ngamavoti angaphansi kuka-120,000, okuphakamisa ngokuqinile ukuthi umthetho wamalungelo okuvota obandakanya wonke umuntu wawungase - futhi mhlawumbe - ungajikijela iFlorida kwelinye icala.
Manje iqembu lezishoshovu zasemazingeni aphansi nge AmaFloridians eDemokhrasi Elungile futhi Florida Rights Restoration Coalition usebenzela ukuguqula umthetho. Izishoshovu bezilokhu zisabalalisa isicelo sombuso wonke sokwenza uhlelo lokuvota ngoNovemba 2018 oluzobuyisela amalungelo alabo abalahlwe amacala okuvota uma sebeqede isigwebo sabo. Umkhankaso usendleleni yempumelelo, okungenani ekutholeni isinyathelo sokuqala ekuvoteni. Njengoba sekusele inyanga eyodwa kuze kufike umnqamulajuqu, cishe amaphesenti angama-85 amavoti adingekayo ukuze uphumelele asayinwe abavoti baseFlorida.
Nakuba ukunqoba kuka-Trump okhethweni okuwumngcingo nokungaqondakali kuye kwadonsela ukunaka endabeni yokucindezelwa kwabavoti, kwabaningi abasebenza emkhankasweni akuphathelene nepolitiki yokhetho kanye nezindaba eziyisisekelo zokulunga ohlelweni lwezobulungiswa bobugebengu.
"Laba bantu bonke benze isikhathi sabo, basikhokhile isikweletu sabo, futhi kuyinto efanele ukuyenza," UJen Tolentino we-Rock the Vote, obeseka izishoshovu zasemazingeni aphansi eFlorida, etshela iSalon. "Uma umuntu esesisebenzisile isikhathi sakhe, kufanele abe nekhono lokubuyiselwa emphakathini wethu futhi abambe iqhaza ngendlela ephusile."
โUma unencwadi yemoto noma inkokhelo yendlu, uma usuyikhokhile leyo nkokhelo yokugcina, awulindele ukuqhubeka nokuthola isikweletu ngeposi,โ kusho. Desmond Meade, ohola umkhankaso wombuso wonkana wokugunyaza kabusha ababengamajele. "Laba bantu bakhokhele izikweletu zabo eminyakeni neminyaka edlule, nokho basakhokhiswa isikweletu asebesikhokhile ngokugcwele."
UMeade unokuxhumana komuntu siqu nalolu daba, njengomuntu owatholwa enecala ngaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi edlule. Ngemva kokukhululwa ngo-2004, uMeade watshela iSalon, wayenesikhathi esinzima esasihlanganisa ukungabi nakhaya, ukuluthwa izidakamizwa kanye nezifiso zokuzibulala. Naphezu kwazo zonke lezo zinselele, wazimisela ukuya ekolishi bese ethola iziqu zomthetho ukuze anikele ukuphila kwakhe emsebenzini womphakathi. Kodwa nakuba uMeade edlula ohlelweni olunzima lokuzama ukubuyisela ilungelo lakhe lokuvota ngokunxusa umbusi ukuba amenzele umusa, wenqatshelwa.
โUmkami wangenela ukhetho ngomjikelezo wokhetho odlule,โ enezela. "Futhi phezu kwakho konke engikwenzile ukuguqula impilo yami, bengingakakwazi ukumvotela."
Ukungavunyelwa ngokuphelele kweFlorida izigebengu ezigwetshiwe โngempela kwakuwumthetho kaJim Crow owamukelwa ngo-1868,โ kuchaza uSamuel Sinyangwe we. HlalaWoke, nayo eyeseka umkhankaso.
Izazi-mlando zikubhale phansi lokho imithetho yokuncishiswa kwecala zabhalwa eminyakeni eyalandela iMpi Yombango ngenhloso ecacile yokukhipha abavoti abamnyama ababesanda kuthola amalungelo okuvota. Izinguqulo zangempela zemithetho ngokuvamile zazivame ukuhlaba umkhosi ngokuqondile amacala abenzi bomthetho ababekholelwa ukuthi abantu abamnyama yibo okungenzeka bagwetshwe ngawo, kuyilapho kungabalwa amacala abonakala njengamathuba amaningi enziwa abamhlophe. Lokho kungalingani kusekhona nanamuhla, nabantu abamnyama kungenzeka baboshwe, bagwetshwe futhi bagwetshwe kanzima kunabantu abamhlophe abenza amacala afanayo.
Le mithetho ayikaze ihlanganise lutho nokunciphisa ubugebengu, kusho uSinyangwe.
โAbukho ubufakazi bokuthi ukuthatha abantu ilungelo lokuvota kwenza abantu bangakhethi ukwenza ubugebengu,โ esho, wengeza ngokuthi โakukona nje ukucabangelaโ emiqondweni yabantu uma bekhetha ukwephula umthetho.
Ngokuphambene, uSinyangwe waphikisa ngokuthi lokhu โkuyingxenye yengxoxo ebanzi mayelana nokungena kabusha nokubuyiselwa kanye nokuvuselelwa kwabantuโ abenze isikhathi sabo. Ucwaningo lokuqala lubonisa ukuhlobana phakathi kokugunyazwa kabusha kanye ne-recidivism ephansi, nakuba kuningi okudingeka kwenziwe ukuze kulinganiswe amalungelo okuvota kuphela njengento ethile.
"Yize kunzima ukufakazela ukuthi ukubuyiselwa kwe-franchise kunciphisa ngokuqondile izinga lobugebengu," u-Erika Wood we-Brennan Centre wabhala encwadini. Umbiko we-2009, "ukuvumela ukuvota ngemva kokukhululwa ekuboshweni kuqinisekisa ukubaluleka kwelungu lomphakathi elibuyayo kwezombusazwe, kukhuthaza ukubamba iqhaza empilweni yomphakathi, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kusiza ekwakheni kabusha izibopho kuzakhamuzi ezikanye nazo ezikhuthaza ukuziphatha okuthobela umthetho."
Izishoshovu zinethemba, hhayi nje mayelana namathuba okuthola isinyathelo sokuvota, kodwa lokuwina ilungelo lokuvotela labo ababengamalungelo ngoNovemba.
"Abantu abaningi bayazi ukuthi kulula kangakanani eFlorida ukuthola icala elibi, futhi abantu abaningi bayaqaphela, kodwa ngomusa kaNkulunkulu, babengebona abagwetshwa noma babanjwa," kusho uMeade. . Wengeze ngokuthi ukhulume nezinkulungwane zabantu โkusuka ePensacola kuya e-Key Westโ futhi uthole ukuthi iningi linomuzwa oqinile wokuthi โkumayelana nani ukuhlengwa.โ
Akukho ukuvota okuningi komphakathi okutholakalayo ngalolu daba, kodwa okukhona kusekela isipiliyoni sikaMeade. A Inhlolovo yango-2012 eyenziwe nguChristopher Uggen waseNyuvesi yaseMinnesota bathole ukuthi abantu baseMelika abane kwabahlanu bayakweseka ukubuyiselwa kwamalungelo okuvota ngemva kokuba umuntu eqede isigwebo. Imibiko ka-Rasmussen ithole izinombolo ezifanayo ngo-2014, ngamaphesenti angu-65 abaphendula avuma ukuthi umuntu kufanele aphinde athole amalungelo okuvota lapho isigwebo siqedwa.
Ukuthambekela ezifundazweni eziningi kuye kwaba mayelana nenkululeko. I-Florida ingenye yabathengisi abambalwa abanomthetho wokuvinjelwa okugcwele izigebengu ngenxa yalokho okubonakala njengezizathu zokungakhethi. Umbusi wamanje, iRiphabhulikhi uRick Scott, empeleni kwenza kwaba nzima kulabo ababeyizigebengu ababefuna ukuhawukelwa ukwenza kanjalo, nakuba owamanduleli wakhe weRiphabhulikhi elinganiselayo, uCharlie Crist, abenzele ububele abakholi abangaphezu kuka-150,000.
Uma lolu hlelo luphumelela futhi abavoti behlula imizamo kaScott, uSinyangwe uthe, โkuzobonisa esizweni amandla abantu okubhekana nalezi zinto lapho izikhungo zabo zezombusazwe zenqaba,โ futhi kungase kukhuthaze imizamo efanayo kwezinye izifundazwe.
UMeade, naye, unethemba. "Ukuvota yindlela emsulwa yokuba yisakhamuzi ekhona," esho. "Uma ucabanga ngokubuyisela lelo khono, kuwumuzwa omkhulu."
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