Kusukela ngo-29 Septemba, iFrance ibone igagasi lokuqala leziteleka kanye nemibhikisho ngokumelene nokwehla kwamandla emali kanye nezindleko eziphakeme zokuphila, kanye nokukhuphuka kwamaholo. Kube nosuku lukazwelonke lwesiteleka mhla zingama-29 kuMandulo, olunye lwangomhla ziyi-18 kuMfumfu, kanye nemashi kazwelonke ephikisana nezindleko zokuphila kanye nokungenzi lutho kwesimo sezulu ngomhla ziyi-16 kuMfumfu.
Ukwehla kwamandla emali kanye nezindleko zokuphila ngokusobala kube yizinto zokuqala ezikhathaza izigaba zabasebenzi kanye nenani labantu bebonke, okokuqala ngokuqhuma kwezikweletu zamandla, kodwa namanani okudla, irenti kanye nazo zonke izidingo eziyisisekelo. Futhi ngalokhu kugqugquzelwa, futhi, ubuqiniso bobunxiwankulu baseFrance buye bakhanyiswa.
Amandla Aphelele
Kwakuyiqembu le-TotalEnergies eliveze intukuthelo ethandwayo kulesi sikhathi, ngenxa yezizathu ezimbalwa. Leli qembu liqhamuke ezinkampanini ezimbili ezikhishwe kuzwelonke (i-Elf kanye neTotal) ezenziwe ngasese ngo-1994. Manje sekuyinkampani enkulu kunazo zonke yaseFrance ngokwenzuzo kodwa ayikaze ikhokhe intela yenhlangano e-France, ingakhokhi lutho kusukela ngo-2019. Ithuthukiswe ngosekelo lombuso kusukela yasungulwa, iyinkampani yesihlanu ngobukhulu emhlabeni emkhakheni wezamandla, engomunye wababambe iqhaza elikhulu ekungcolisweni kwe-GHG, enenqubomgomo yentuthuko yamazwe ngamazwe ehambisana nombuso kaPutin, ubushiqela obufana neBurma kanye namaphrojekthi acekela phansi imvelo kanye nemiphakathi efana nowoyela. iphrojekthi ogwini lweLake Albert, enepayipi elishisayo elingu-50 ° elinqamula e-Uganda naseTanzania kanye nepayipi lokuhlola igesi ejulile yamanzi aseNingizimu Afrika. Konke lokhu ithi ithuthukela emandleni avuselelekayo kuphela.
Igqame kakhulu ngezinzuzo zayo ezinkulu: ama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-18.8 engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2022 (iphindaphindwe ngo-3 uma kuqhathaniswa no-1.st ingxenye ka-2021), kuyilapho u-70% wabasebenzi abasebenzisa imoto ukuya emsebenzini babone amanani kaphethiloli enyuka ngo-20% kusukela ngoJanuwari 2020. Kuphinde kwavela ukuthi isikhulu esiphezulu sakwaTotal uPatrick Pouyanné sibone iholo lakhe lenyuswa ngo-52% ngo-2022. Ingqwele ye-capitalism yaseFrance, inkampani iphinde yakhokha cishe ama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2.62 ngezabelo ezingavamile kulekwindla futhi umphathi wayo uzothola izabelo zama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-1 ngo-2022. Futhi ama-CEO amaningi ezinkampani ze-CAC40 adlula kude izigidi ezingu-5.9 zePouyanné, kuhlanganise noBernard. UCharles (Dassault Systèmes) onama-euro angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-44 atholwe ngo-2021, noma uCarlos Tavares (PSA / Stellantis), ngama-euro ayizigidi eziyi-19.5!
Kunoma ikuphi, umholo wabaphathi be-CAC 40 uphindwe kabili phakathi kuka-2020 no-2021 ukuze ufinyelele ezigidini ezingu-8.7 ngokwesilinganiso kanti iPouyanné isiwuphawu lohlelo lapho inkinga ngayinye ibona ukungalingani kuba kubi kakhulu kanye “nokwehla” komcebo okhiqizwayo. isuka kwabaxhashaziweyo iye kubaxhaphazi. Futhi amaholo abaphathi abakhulu baseFrance ngokuvamile aba ngaphansi kakhulu kunawabalingani babo baseJalimane, izigidi ezingu-15.4 (+83%) ngokwesilinganiso kubaphathi be-Dax (okulingana neJalimane i-CAC 40). E-England, ama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-13.5 (+143%) kubaphathi abayi-100 FTSE.
Usuku lwama-29 Septemba
Njengesikhumbuzo, encwadini yangomhla zingama-23 kuSepthemba evela kwa-DARES, uMnyango Wezabasebenzi umemezele ukuthi ngaphezu konyaka owodwa, umholo oyisisekelo wenyanga “ukhuphuke ngo-3.1% emkhakheni wezemfundo ephakeme, u-3.0% wezimboni, no-2.6% wokwakha”. Ngakho-ke, ngokwenyuka kwamandla emali “#ngama-euro avamile nangesikhathi esifanayo, [iholo eliyisisekelo lenyanga] lehle ngo-2.9%, 3.0 % kanye no-3.4 % ngokulandelanayo kumkhakha ngamunye wale mikhakha (yezemfundo ephakeme, izimboni nezokwakha).”
Ngokufanayo, kubasebenzi bakahulumeni, ngokwenyuka ngo-3.5% endaweni yenkomba (esetshenziselwa ukubala iholo) ngoJulayi 2022, ukukhuphuka okuphelele kusuka ku-2010 kuya ku-2022 bekungama-4.7% lapho kubhekene nokukhuphuka kwamandla emali oku-20.4%. – ukwehla ngo-15.7% uma kuqhathaniswa neholo lika-2010!
Umhla zingama-29 kuMandulo kwakuwusuku lwesiteleka sikazwelonke, ngokugqugquzela okuqinile ikakhulukazi kwamandla, amandla enuzi, ezokuthutha, imfundo kazwelonke, ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto, ukudla kwezolimo kanye nezinsizakalo zezenhlalakahle. Umfelandawonye wezinyunyana ze-CGT wafuna umholo omncane wama-euro angu-2,000 10, ukukhushulwa kwamaholo ezingeni lokwehla kwamandla emali, ukuqaliswa kabusha kwezinga elinciphayo lamaholo, ukukhonjwa kwamaholo nezimpesheni kumanani emali kanye nokulingana kwamaholo kwangempela phakathi kwabesifazane namadoda. ISolidaires, enye inhlangano, yayinenkundla efanayo. Ukuhumusha okunembe kakhudlwana ezitelekeni eziningi zokunyuswa kwamaholo futhi awekho amabhonasi, ka-300% noma okungcono 400 kuya ku-XNUMX euros kuwo wonke amaholo.
Imibhikisho ibiminingi kakhulu kunezinsuku ezedlule zikaJanuwari nangoMashi 2022. Izinyunyana zimemezele abantu abangu-250,000 emigwaqweni.
Kusukela mhla zingama-27 kuMandulo, abasebenzi bezinkampani ezinhlanu zeTotal nezimbili zokuhluza i-Exxon bateleke. Isiteleka esisekelwa kahle kakhulu esingaphezu kuka-70%, esibizwa i-CGT, umfelandawonye wezinyunyana omkhulukazi ezikhungweni zokuhluza e-Total nase-Exxon elandelwa umfelandawonye we-FO phakathi kwabasebenzisi abangu-3000, ngokunyuka ngo-7.5% e-Exxon, ngo-10% ku-Total. Lesi siteleka besivuselelwa mihla namalanga yimihlangano kawonkewonke yabatelekile futhi kwaba yizikhombo zenhlangano yamaholo. Le nhlangano yesiteleka evuselelekayo ilungiswe inyunyana, ilungu le-FNIC (National Federation of Chemical Industries), inyunyana ephikisayo ku-CGT exhumene ne-WFTU (World Federation of Trade Unions).
Ebhekene nenkinga yamaholo kanye nesiteleka sokuhluza, uhulumeni wazama ukudlala amakhadi amaningana. Okokuqala, ukusho ukuthi izinkampani ezinkulu kanye neTotal ikakhulukazi kufanele zixoxisane ngokunyuka. I-Exxon yavuma ukuxoxisana futhi ngo-Okthoba 10 yathola isivumelwano ku-CFDT kanye ne-CGC sokwenyuswa okujwayelekile okungu-5% kanye nebhonasi engu-3,000 yama-euro. Ibambelele esimeni esingaguquki (akukho zingxoxo ngaphambi kukaNovemba zezingxoxo zonyaka ze-2023 obligatoey (NOA), futhi azikho izingxoxo ezintsha ngaphandle kokumisa isiteleka), ngaphansi kwengcindezi evela kuhulumeni, abaphathi be-Total baqhubekisele phambili i-NOA ka-2023. Mhla ziyi-14 kuMfumfu, ithole ukusayinwa kwesivumelwano yi-CFDT kanye ne-CGC, eyayingakaze ibize isiteleka. Ekugcineni, abaphathi banikeze u-5% ngo-1 Novemba kanye nebhonasi okungenani ye-3000 euros kanye ne-2% yezinyathelo zomuntu ngamunye. Opharetha abatelekile kanye ne-CGT basenqabe lesi sivumelwano futhi baqhubeka nomnyakazo.
Abacwengi banamandla okuvimba izimpahla eziya emadepho namagalaji kaphethiloli. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, ukukhubazeka kancane kwaqala futhi abaphathi beTotal nohulumeni benze konke ukunqamula isiteleka. Okokuqala, ngokusho ukuthi izivumelwano ziningi (okuyiqiniso ezingeni layo yonke i-TotalEnergies, kodwa hhayi nhlobo ezindaweni zokuhluza ezitelekile) ukusola ukuthi i-CGT izama ukuqhubeka nesiteleka sabantu abambalwa. Bese, ngokufuna ukuthi opharetha bathola ama-euro angu-4-5,000 futhi banelungelo. Izindaba ezingamanga ezidluliselwe kakhulu ngabezindaba ngenkathi, ngaphandle kwezindawo zokucwenga, opharetha abasebenza amahora angama-7/7, imvamisa namashumi eminyaka aphezulu, bekhombisa amasliphu abo omholo aphakathi kuka-2,500 3,000 nama-euro angama-20. Ngemva kokuqhuba umkhankaso wabezindaba wokubeka abashayeli bezimoto ngokumelene nabatelekile, undunankulu u-Borne, neqembu eliphikisayo i-Républicains egxeka ukungasebenzi kukahulumeni, wethula isikhali sokufunwa kwabatelekile. Ngokomfanekiso, o-opharetha abambalwa be-Exxon kanye neTotal bazocelwa ukuthi "bavule" izindawo zokuhluza. Uma ukuqaliswa kabusha kuvotelwa e-Exxon, isimangalo sizoqhubeka kukho konke okucolisiswa yiTotal kuze kube umhla ka-XNUMX Okthoba.
Ngo-Okthoba 18
Inkinga ukuthi, ngemuva komhla zingama-29 kuMandulo, izikhungo zokuhluza yizona zodwa umkhakha osesitelekeni esiqhubekayo futhi inyunyana ayikabeki usuku olusha lokuqhubeka nokwandisa ukugqugquzelwa kwamaholo. Lokhu kwakungenxa yezici eziningana: ukuhlukana kwezinyunyana, kanye ne-CGT, i-Solidaires kanye ne-FSU kuphela ehilelekile esicelweni sama-29.th; ukuqondiswa kobuholi benhlangano ye-CGT ekuqaleni obufuna ukubeka eqhulwini ukufuna indawo efanayo ngokumelene nezinguquko zempesheni kanye nokufuna umbimbi ne-CFDT kanye ne-UNSA.
Isiqalo sosuku olusha ngo-Okthoba 18 yi-CGT, i-Solidaires, i-FSU kanye ne-FO ekugcineni yanqunywa ukuqhubeka kwesiteleka ezindaweni zokuhluza kanye nokucasulwa kukahulumeni ngezidingo zabashayi bezindawo zokuhluza. Nakuba kumenyezelwe kusasele isonto, lolu suku olusha lwesiteleka lubandakanye ukugqugquzela okukhulu njengalokho kwabangama-29.th kunemibhikisho emikhulu emadolobheni kanye nomoya wokulwa, noma ngabe othisha bebengaqoqwanga kakhulu ngesikhathi esifushane kangaka.
Ngokufanayo, izikhungo eziningi ze-SNCF bezitelekile naphezu kokungalungiseleli kanye nezibopho zokubika ngaphambi kokuteleka. Kodwa imizamo yokuvuselela izidlamlilo zeSud Rail kanye nezishoshovu ze-CGT ezilwayo ayizange ilandelwe ngaphezu kwamahora angu-48. Umkhakha wamandla kuphela, onabasebenzi bezikhungo zamandla enuzi eziyi-10, owethule isiteleka esivuselelekayo ngosuku olulandela i-29.th. Bezihlalele bodwa, abatelekile babuyela emsebenzini ngomhla zingama-20 kuMfumfu.
Kodwa kuyacaca ukuthi i-slow fuse iye yakhanyiswa kumaholo namandla okuthenga. I-CGT, i-Solidaires, i-FSU kanye ne-FO bacele usuku olusha lwesiteleka ngomhla ka-10 Novemba (okuhlanganisa amaholide esikole oSuku Lwabangcwele Bonke) kanye ne-Solidaires, i-CGT yosuku olumaphakathi lokuhlanganisa ngomhla ka-27 Okthoba.
Yini elandelayo?
Kufakwe izicelo eziningi zezinyunyana, ikakhulukazi kwezokuthutha kanye nemfundo yemisebenzi yezandla. Nakuba ngendlela eyisiphithiphithi, ukuhlanganisa okuphakathi kungakhiwa phezu kwamaholo namandla okuthenga. Kodwa lokhu kuzobeka ingcindezi eqinile ngabunye ekugqugquzeleni abantu basemazingeni aphansi kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlanganisa ezidumile ezixhumanisa izimfuno zamaholo kuzo zonke ezinye izindaba zamandla okuthenga. Sekuvele kukhona izimbazo kulesi siqondiso kumapulatifomu e-CGT kanye ne-Solidaires: ukuncishiswa ku-5.5% noma ukuqedwa kwe-VAT ngezidingo eziyisisekelo, ukukhuphuka kanye ne-indexation ku-inflation yempesheni kanye nayo yonke imali engenayo, kuhlanganise nezinzuzo zokungasebenzi, ukulawula ukwehla kwerenti nokunye. ku. ukuncishiswa kwamanani kaphethiloli namandla ngokuqeda izintela kanye nokuqeda izimali ezingenayo zezinkampani zokuthutha umphakathi, ukuthuthukiswa kwamanethiwekhi ezithuthi zomphakathi kanye nokufinyelela mahhala kumanethiwekhi endawo nawesifunda.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbuzo wokusatshalaliswa okuhlukile kwengcebo ekhiqizwa ngokusobala futhi uphakanyiswa kakhulu emphakathini. Lokhu kuthinta amaholo kanye nawo wonke amaholo omphakathi, kodwa futhi lonke uhlelo lwentela nokwabiwa kabusha. Kulolu daba, ngenkathi isabelomali Sezempilo Nezemfundo sinqunywa, iqembu losomnotho eLille lisanda kubala kahle inani eliphelele losizo lomphakathi ezinkampanini: ngo-2019, lafinyelela kuma-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-157, okuyisabelomali esikhulu kunazo zonke. , okungukuthi, 1/3 yesabelomali sikahulumeni, esiphindwe kabili kunesabelomali semfundo sikazwelonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nakuba abaqashi bephikisana nesisindo “esicindezelayo” samalevi ayimpoqo, kubonakala sengathi unyaka nonyaka ukwanda kosizo ezinkampanini kuhambisana nokwehliswa kwazo zonke izintela eziyimpoqo. Lokhu ngokusobala akubandakanyi “ukuthuthukiswa kwentela” okusemthethweni nokusetshenziswa kwezindawo zokukhosela intela, noma ukubalekela intela ngokwakho.
Ngo-Okthoba 16
Ngakho-ke ukulwa ngamaholo kanye neholo lezenhlalakahle kuxhumene ngqo nomzabalazo wokulwa nonxiwankulu ngokumelene nezindleko eziphezulu zokuphila. Ngalo mqondo, imashi eyaqalwa mhla ziyi-16 kuMfumfu ziyi-16 yi-NUPES (“i-Nouvelle Union populaire écologique et sociale”, umfelandawonye wamaqembu aphiko lwesokunxele) iya ohlangothini lwalokhu kuhlanganisa kabusha okubalulekile okuhlanganisa izimpi zamaholo kanye nazo zonke ezinye izimfuno eziphathelene. izindleko zokuphila, ukulwa nentela ephezulu kanye nokwenyuka kwamanani ezinto zokuthutha, amandla kanye nokudla, zonke lezi zinto ezenza ukwanda kwezindleko zokuphila zemizi evamile ibe phezulu kakhulu kunokwehla kwamandla emali njengoba kubalwe yi-INSEE.
Imashi yangomhla ziyi-16 kuMfumfu yahlanganisa amashumi ezinkulungwane zababhikishi eParis, ekubizweni kwamaqembu e-NUPES (la France insoumise, iGreens, amaqembu amaSocialist namaKhomanisi), iNouveau parti anticapitaliste kanye nezinhlangano eziningi, naphezu kokwenqaba. ye-CGT, i-FSU kanye ne-Solidaires ukujoyina, izishoshovu eziningi namafulegi ezinyunyana zazikhona futhi ucingo lwezikhulu zezinyunyana ezingamakhulu amaningana zokubamba iqhaza lufakazele ukwamukela okuhle kwalesi sinyathelo emibuthanweni yezishoshovu zezinyunyana. Amasonto nezinyanga ezizayo kumele, ikakhulukazi endaweni, zihlanganise zonke lezi zinhlelo, ngokusobala zigwema izikhundla "zamandla abusayo" okungenzeka ukuthi i-la France insoumise izithathile ukulungiselela i-16 Okthoba. Kodwa kungaba kuhle uma kungakhiwa izinhlelo ezihlangene zenhlalo nepolitiki emadolobheni.
Ngoba, eceleni kwezingxabano zamaholo, ukubuyiswa kwephalamende kuqinisekise kokubili ingcindezi yelungelo elikude kanye nentando kahulumeni waseMacron-Borne ukuthi aqhubekele phambili, ezithatha njengeningi leqiniso elingabeka inqubomgomo yalo naphezu kokwehluleka kwawo. ukhetho lwezomthetho lwangoJuni odlule.
Emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, izinhlangano zezikhungo ziphoqeleka ukuba zenze imifelandawonye ephalamende, zenze ukuvumelana ukuze zakhe iningi likahulumeni. Ngenxa yezizathu eziphikisanayo, iqembu likaMacron (Renaissance) kanye ne-les Républicains, naphezu kokusondelana kwabo kwe-neoliberal, abazange bafune ukwakhiwa komfelandawonye onjalo. Ngakho, noma yiliphi ivoti lephalamende liphetha nge-diktat evela kuhulumeni, edinga ukuthi amanye amaqembu avumele umthethosivivinywa ukuba udlule, noma ahlanganyele ukuze aphoqelele ukwesula kukahulumeni.
Umthethosisekelo waseFrance, nesihloko esithi 49.3, uvumela uhulumeni ukuthi aphase ngaphandle kwevoti unyaka nonyaka uMthethosivivinywa Wezezimali (PLF), uMthethosivivinywa Wezimali Zokuvikeleka Komphakathi (PLFSS) kanye nomthethosivivinywa owodwa ngesikhathi sephalamende. Uhulumeni omncane ka-Elisabeth Borne usevele wasebenzisa amahlaya akhe amabili e-PLF kanye ne-PLFSS ngokungahlanganisi izichibiyelo ezivotelwe iningi lamasekela (isibonelo leyo yentela yezinzuzo ezinkulu). Kokubili i-NUPES kanye ne-Rassemblement kuzwelonke bethule iziphakamiso zokugxeka uhulumeni okumele avotelwe phansi. Kunoma yikuphi, ukunqotshwa kukahulumeni kanye nenqubomgomo yabaqashi bakhe kungavela kuphela ekuhlanganiseni umphakathi okufanele kuqhubeke ukuthuthukiswa emasontweni ezayo.
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