Ifakwe esigabeni sabasebenzi i-El Valle umakhelwane eCaracas, i-5 de Marzo Commune iphrojekthi ehlola izindlela ezintsha zokuthuthukisa umphakathi wasemadolobheni. Njengoba kuneqembu lentsha eholayo, kuhlanganise nabafundi abaningi basenyuvesi, leli dolobha selisungule inkulumo elwela amalungelo abantu besifazane evame ukushoda kwezinye izindawo zomphakathi. Lapha, abantu ababili abakhulumelayo basitshela ngezinselelo zokwakhiwa komphakathi edolobheni elikhulu.
Ukubuka kwe-5 de Marzo Commune e-El Valle, eCaracas. (Roma Arrieche)
Ungakwazi yini ukuchaza umlando we-5 de Marzo Commune?
U-Anaís Márquez: I-5 de Marzo "Comandante Eterno" Commune ihlanganisa ndawonye imikhandlu yemiphakathi eyisikhombisa eyaqala ukuhlangana cishe ngo-2011 noma 2012. Yonke yayinezici ezifanayo kakhulu, futhi saqala ukucabangela umqondo wokwakha isifunda. Nokho, kwaba ngo-2018 kuphela lapho umzamo wethu wokwakha umphakathi wagunyazwa ngokomthetho, okungukuthi, wabe usuqashelwa yi-Fundacomunal [isikhungo sikahulumeni esigunyaza imiphakathi].
Sithathe i-5 de Marzo "Commandante Eterno" njengegama lomphakathi wethu ngoba, ngo-March 5, 2013, u-Comandante Chávez wayishiya le ndiza yabakhona futhi waba Kuze kube phakade ekuphileni kwethu.
Kunemindeni engu-2270 kuleli dolobhana. Thina esihlala lapha sihlanganyela isiko elithile futhi ngokwezomnotho singabantu abasebenzayo. Abaningi bangabasebenzi abakhokhelwayo noma abanakekeli basekhaya.
Ekugcineni, mayelana umakhelwaneUmbono wezomnotho, amandla okukhiqiza izimpahla lapha alinganiselwe kakhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ezohwebo namasevisi kuyingqikithi yezinketho zomnotho zendawo.
Yiziphi izici zezepolitiki ezihlanganayo kulo mhlangano?
UMárquez: Kunezici eziningana zezombangazwe. Kukhona i-United Socialist Party, I-PSUV, izinhlangano zomphakathi emkhakheni we-PSUV, kanye ne-Left Cultural Front [kusukela manje i-FCI yezinhlamvu zayo zokuqala ngeSpanishi], inhlangano ye-Chavista eyaqala njengenhlangano yabafundi. Zonke lezi zici zihlangana ndawonye kumasipala, kodwa mhlawumbe amandla asebenza kakhulu yi-FCI.
Sisendaweni yangaphambili ye-Mercal [yesitolo esikhulu esixhaswe nguhulumeni] esiphethwe ama-communards angu-5 de Marzo. Ukuyilawula akuzange kwenzeke ngokuphazima kweso. Umphakathi uthole kanjani ukulawula lesi sikhala?
U-Andy Hernández: Njengoba u-Anaís eshilo ngaphambili, leli linabantu abaningi umakhelwane, okusho ukuthi umsebenzi wezomnotho lapha uncike ekuthengisweni nasekusatshalalisweni kwezimpahla namasevisi. Yingakho, ekusebenzeleni ukwakha i-hegemony entsha yomphakathi, ukubamba iqhaza komphakathi ekusabalaliseni impahla kubalulekile.
Besisebenza nezinhlangano ezahlukene kusukela ngo-2017, kuhlanganise Pueblo futhi Pueblo, futhi sabonisa amandla ethu okuletha izimpahla kumasipala. UPueblo a Pueblo ungumbungazi ovelele umlimi inhlangano esebenzela ukuletha umkhiqizo emiphakathini yabasebenzi ngaphandle kwabaxhumanisi, ngaleyo ndlela yehlise intengo yempahla yabo. Saba yiPueblo yasePueblo othintana naye lapha e-El Valle, futhi sakwazi ukusakaza cishe ithani elilodwa lomkhiqizo nyanga zonke. Lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali lidlangile, ngakho iqiniso lokuthi umkhiqizo uthengiswa ngamanani aphansi lapha lalibucayi.
Lokhu kusibuyisela kuMercal, eyalahlwa eminyakeni edlule. Cishe ngo-2019 saqala ukuhlela ukuze umphakathi ukwazi ukulawula ingqalasizinda ngenhloso eyodwa: ukusatshalaliswa kwezimpahla ngokuzimela, ikakhulukazi ukudla, kubantu abasebenzayo. umakhelwane. Ekuqaleni, ngenxa yokuthi abanye abantu be-PSUV basibheka njengomphakathi “ovukela umbuso,” asikwazanga ukusebenzisa indawo. Eqinisweni, yanikezwa omunye umphakathi owawungakwazi ukuwunakekela.
Esikhathini esingangonyaka esidlule sibuyele emzabalazweni weMercal. Sakha uhlelo lokusabalalisa futhi, ne-Communard Union, sakwazi ukulilawula ngoMashi 2022. UMnyango Wezokuthuthukiswa Kwezinto Wasidlulisela kithi. Siphinde sasekelwa uMnyango WezamaKhomanisi.
Lesi sikhala sisibiza ngokuthi i-Somos Karive [singaseCaribe], sibhekisela kubantu abahlubukayo ababehlala kule ndawo lapho amakoloni efika. Balwa kanzima futhi bakwazi ukugcina ukuzimela isikhathi eside. Futhi, abakaze baguqe idolo!
Yini osabalalisa noma oyithengisayo lapha eSomos Karive?
U-Hernández: Sithengisa umkhiqizo we-“Feria Conuquera”. I-Feria Conuquera ihlanganisa ndawonye imiphakathi ehleliwe evela e-Caracas nasezindaweni ezizungezile ezibandakanya ekukhiqizeni okuncane, okuphilayo, okuzinzile. Siyadayisa futhi amaphaneli [ushukela ocutshunguliwe owethulwe ngamabhulokhi] usuka ku 5 Fortalezas Commune e-Cumanacoa [isifunda sase-Sucre] futhi maduze sizoletha ikhofi kusuka e- Che Guevara Commune eTucaní [isifunda saseMérida]. Sithemba futhi ukusebenza ne-El Sur Existe Commune e-Valencia kanye nasemiphakathini yase-Los Llanos [isifunda esimaphakathi namathafa].
Kithina, umgoqo wukuthola izimpahla ezivela emiphakathini ezweni lonke ukuya eCaracas. Yilapho kanye esigxilisa khona amandla ethu okwamanje.
Ekugcineni, e-Somos Karive, futhi sisabalalisa izimpahla esizithenga ngobuningi emakethe yezitolo ezinkulu. Siwathengisa nge-markup encane noma ngezindleko.
Ukuvulwa kukaSomos Karive, owayekade eyiMercal manje osezandleni ze-5 de Marzo Commune. (5 de Marzo Commune)
Ngemva kokuhlolwa okuningi, imiphakathi efana Luisa Cáceres e-Barcelona bathole ukuthi ukuphatha izinsiza kungase kube inketho esebenzayo “yokuhlanganisa” umnotho endaweni yasemadolobheni. Ngiyaqonda ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo nakulokhu. Sitshele ngakho.
U-Hernández: Izinsiza eziningi ezweni zihlinzekwa yisifunda saseVenezuela. Kukhona, nokho, ukuthambekela kokusabalalisa (futhi ngisho nokwenza okuyimfihlo) ezinye zalezi zinsizakalo. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kuvuleka indawo ebangwayo: ingabe kufanele kube umkhakha ozimele ophethe lezi zinsizakalo noma kufanele kube imiphakathi? Kungumbono wethu ukuthi, uma inkampani ezimele ikwazi ukwenza imisebenzi efana nokusatshalaliswa kwegesi yokupheka, imiphakathi ehleliwe ingakwenza ngokunjalo. Eqinisweni, ngiyazi ukuthi singakwenza kangcono ngoba inzuzo akuyona inhloso yethu.
Lapha, e-5 de Marzo, sabamba iqhaza emzabalazweni wokuzilawula ngokusatshalaliswa kwegesi, futhi saphumelela ukugcina le nkonzo ingabi yimfihlo. Nokho, okwamanje, ukusatshalaliswa akukho ezandleni zekomiti. Umgomo wethu uwukusabalalisa umphakathi, yingakho manje silwela ukuqhuba le nkonzo ngebhizinisi eliqondile lendawo yomphakathi okufanele ibe sezandleni ze-5 de Marzo Commune kanye nemiphakathi engumakhelwane e-El Valle.
Yimiphi imithombo ebalulekile yemali engenayo egcina umphakathi usebenza?
U-Hernández: Umkhandlu unemithombo emithathu ebalulekile yemali engenayo. Owokuqala nguSomos Karive, owayenguMercal. Inzuzo lapho ayinkulu, kodwa isisiza ukuthi sikhuthaze imicimbi ethile nemisebenzi. Bese kuba khona umnikelo wokuzithandela ovela kwabanye abantu kumasipala, futhi lezo zimali zisiza nasekukhuthazeni umsebenzi womphakathi. Ekugcineni, lapho sisakaza i UKUSHAYA INKWAZI izikhwama, kunemali ekhokhwayo encane esiza ukondla imizamo yomkhandlu.
I-FCI, enye yamandla akhuthaza inhlangano yendawo, isiza futhi ngezimali impilo yomphakathi. Leyo nhlangano ifuna ukwesekwa ezikhungweni zikahulumeni nama-NGO ngezinhlelo zokuxhumana noma ucwaningo olusekelwe emphakathini. Lezi zimali azabiwe ngazodwana, kodwa zibuyela emphakathini ngandlela thize. Eqinisweni, sathenga izindlu ezimbili endaweni umakhelwane ngalezo zimali. Omunye wabo ubizwa La Morada, isikhungo sethu se-communal feminism, kanti enye iyisikhala "sokwakha uzungu" nokwamukela abantu lapho bevakashela eCaracas kanye nesigodi.
Njengoba ngikuqonda, uthatha izinyathelo zokuqala zokucabanga ngobufazi esimweni somphakathi. Iyini i-community feminism?
UMárquez: Kufanele sigqashule namaketango kokubili konxiwankulu kanye nenqubo yokhokho. Nokho, iphrojekthi yokulwela amalungelo abantu besifazane esizibophezele kuyona ayihambisani nomugqa wobufazi obukhululekile; ayixabani amadoda nabesifazane. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwethu kusitshela ukuthi sonke kufanele sisebenzisane ekuhlanganiseni umphakathi.
I-Communal Feminism imayelana nokuphelezela abesifazane ukuze babe namathuluzi okuba ngabaholi emphakathini, ukuze bahlonishwe, futhi bakwazi ukuvikela amalungelo abo.
Enye yezinkinga abesifazane abazibophezele emsebenzini womphakathi eVenezuela abavame ukubhekana nazo yilokho abanye abangase bakubize ngokuthi “ukuxhashazwa kathathu.” Bathengisa abasebenzi babo emakethe yonxiwankulu, bathatha imisebenzi yokuzalanisa umphakathi ekhaya, futhi banakekele umphakathi endaweni. Abanye babungaza lesi simo njengokunikwa amandla. Uthini umbono wakho ngalolu daba?
UMárquez: Imfundo yezombangazwe, emelene nezinzalamizi ingenye yezindlela zethu zokusebenza, futhi kusukela ku-FCI, sihlela ukuguqula isimo sokuxhashazwa okuphindwe kathathu, nakuba kungeke kwenzeke ngokuphazima kweso.
Siphinde sizibophezele ekunakekeleni ngokubambisana. E-FCI iqabane elilodwa linezingane eziphathwa njengezingane zawo wonke umuntu, ngakho sinakekela lezi zingane ngokubambisana. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba kusisiza ukuba sibe nesikhathi esikhululekile somsebenzi walelo qabane emphakathini.
Ukwengeza, uma kukhulunywa ngokuphathelene nokulwela amalungelo abantu besifazane emphakathini, omunye wemisebenzi yethu ukwenza kwaziwe ukuthi udlame olusekelwe ebulilini akwamukeleki nhlobo emphakathini, futhi sinemihlangano yokucobelelana ngolwazi ukuze izisulu zibe namathuluzi okugxeka udlame olusekelwe kubulili.
I-La Morada, indawo enikeza ukweseka izisulu zodlame olusekelwe kubulili. (5 de Marzo Commune)
Sitshele okwengeziwe mayelana nalolu hlelo lokunakekela oluhlangene.
UMárquez: Sinomgomo wokuthi, uma sibamba umhlangano noma umhlangano wephalamende, siqinisekise ukuthi ukunakekelwa kwezingane kuyahlinzekwa. Kungani? Abanakekeli, abayingxenye ebalulekile yomphakathi wethu, badinga ukukhululeka ukuze babambe iqhaza. Yingakho isifiso sethu kuwukuhlela izindawo ezihambisanayo ezingagcini nje ngokugcina izingane ziphephile; kulezo zikhala, siphinde sithuthukise indlela yokufundisa entsha lapho sikhuthaza umphakathi ongenalo udlame. Sisazithuthukisa lezo zikhala, kodwa sizibheka njengezibaluleke kakhulu.
Umkhuba wakho wokusebenzelana kwabesifazane besifazane uza "Nemizila Yezimbali" ehlanganisa imigqa emithathu yomsebenzi. Ungakwazi ukusichazela le mizila?
UMárquez: Ngempela. SineMizila Yezimbali emithathu yokukhuthaza ubufazi bomphakathi e-5 de Marzo Commune. Umzila wethu wokuqala yiCayenas Route. Emnyombweni walo mzila kukhona iqembu le abangani ababhekana nezindaba zocansi kanye nezempilo zokuzala emphakathini. Banikeza ama-workshops okufundisa futhi bahlele ubusuku be-movie.
Kunomzila wesibili onikeza ukwesekwa kwabesifazane abayizisulu zodlame lwama-machista. Lo mzila, onegama lembali ye-bromeliad, uthola ukwesekwa kuma-NGO. Ingxenye yemali esayithola yathenga indlu esiyibiza ngokuthi “La Morada.” Sinikeza ukwesekwa kwengqondo nezomthetho kuzisulu zodlame olusekelwe kubulili eziphuma kuleyo ndlu, kodwa futhi sihlela ama-workshops, izimpikiswano, nobusuku bamamuvi emigwaqweni nezitebhisi ezikhuphukela umakhelwane.
Lo mzila we-Bromeliad unikeze ukusekela kothando kwabesifazane abangu-300 kuya ku-400 kule minyaka emibili edlule.
Umzila wethu wesithathu uthatha igama le- coquette, imbali eyenziwa ngabesifazane base-5 Fortalezas Commune eyabo. Abesifazane bakwa-5 Fortalezas bangabalimi bakamoba, amaqhawe eqiniso, futhi sifunde lukhulu kubo. Umzila we-Coquetas ugxile emnothweni womphakathi kanye nokunikeza abesifazane izindlela ezisebenzayo zomnotho.
Uthola uxhaso kuma-NGO, ngokuvamile oluza nemiyalelo yangaphandle. Uxoxisana kanjani ngokuzimela kulezi zimo zokubambisana?
U-Hernández: Ngokusobala ama-NGO angathathi hlangothi futhi azama ukuhlanganisa imisebenzi emazingeni aphansi. Siyasazi lesi simo. Eqinisweni, sivame ukuzibuza: benzani wonke lawa ma-NGO eVenezuela?
Kunoma yikuphi, lapho sifuna uxhaso, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yi-NGO noma kuhulumeni, inhloso yethu ukukhuthaza inhlangano yomphakathi. Amaphrojekthi athole uxhaso olukhulu yizindlela zezimbali.
Uma sithola uxhaso, oluvame ukuhanjiswa nge-FCI, sihlala sihlangabezana nezidingo zokuphatha zesivumelwano. Nokho, ingxenye enkulu yoxhaso iya ezinhlelweni ezihlangene.
Ngamanye amazwi, uma sithola uxhaso sibeka ingxenye yalo kuphrojekthi yomphakathi. Le mithombo yokuxhaswa ngezimali iyithuluzi lokuqhubeka nokwakha ukuzimela kwezepolitiki nezomnotho ezweni lapho izindlela zokukhiqiza ziqhubeka nokuba sezandleni ezimbalwa kakhulu.
Ngemuva komcimbi wokukhuluma ngokwakhiwa komphakathi edolobheni namanye ama-communes, abahlanganyeli engxoxweni bavala umcimbi ngesithombe seqembu. (5 de Marzo Commune)
I-5 de Marzo Commune iyingxenye ye I-Communard Union. Sitshele kabanzi ngomsebenzi wakho neNyunyana.
Hernandez: Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, amandla okuthuthukisa izindawo ezikhiqizayo edolobheni alinganiselwe kakhulu. Isixhumanisi sethu sokuqala ne I-El Maizal Commune, okungomunye wabagqugquzeli ababalulekile beNyunyana YamaKhomanisi, bekwenziwa ngohlelo lokusabalalisa ufulawa. Kamuva, sasebenza neSimón Bolívar Commune eMucuchies [isifunda saseMérida], esihlinzeka ngamazambane ePueblo a Pueblo.
Kwakungalabo budlelwano lapho sakwazi khona ukumelana nomthelela wenhlekelele kanye nokuvinjwa. Besazi futhi ukuthi ukwakha isifunda kudinga ukuxhumana, yingakho sizibophezele kuNyunyana yamaKhomanisi.
I-Communard Union iyinhlangano ehlanganisa ndawonye imiphakathi evela ezweni lonke. Senze konke okusemandleni ethu ukuqinisa iNyunyana lapha, esifundeni esimaphakathi, okuyindawo enabantu abaningi kakhulu ezweni.
Ingabe kunzima ukwakha i-commune enkabeni yedolobha? Yebo! Ingabe akunakwenzeka? Cha, kodwa kudinga ukuxhumana nokusebenzisana nabanye.
UMarquez: I-Communard Union ihlelwe ezifundeni ezinhlanu, futhi sisendaweni emaphakathi, okuyiyona esemadolobheni kakhulu.
Inyunyana isisiza ukuthi sifunde kokunye okwenzeka emphakathini. I-El Maizal iyireferensi eVenezuela nasemhlabeni jikelele, futhi njengoba ngikhona, ngingakutshela ukuthi esikufunde kubo kuyamangalisa ngempela. Kungokufanayo nakweminye imiphakathi esempumalanga yezwe naseMérida. Njengengxenye Yenyunyana YamaKhomanisi, sibavakashele bonke futhi umsebenzi wethu ugqugquzelwa ulwazi lwabo nolwazi.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu okwamanje ukwakha inethiwekhi yezomnotho ezovumela ukuhwebelana nokuhwebelana phakathi kwamakhomanisi. Sisebenzela ukufinyelela lo mgomo nge-Chávez Umphakathi noma Lutho njengoba umkhathizwe amasu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, njengoba sidlulela ku-socialism, kufanele futhi sizimele, sizimele, futhi kufanele sakhe uhulumeni wangempela wabantu nowabantu.
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