Ngo-2008 iqembu elincane labesifazane basekolishi e-Ukraine lahlangana lakha inhlangano ebizwa ngokuthi i-FEMEN. Ebhekene nezinselelo ezibhekene nomphakathi wase-Ukraine ngekhulu lama-21 labo umgomo oyinhloko "[t]o usabela futhi ube nomthelela ezindabeni ezinzima zomphakathi zase-Ukraine, ikakhulukazi lezo ezithinta ngqo izintshisekelo zabesifazane base-Ukraine." Kusukela lapho i-FEMEN ibambe uxhaxha lwezindaba zezwe nezamazwe ngamazwe. Phezulu kwe-ajenda yabo iphonsela inselelo ukwanda kwezivakashi zocansi zaseNtshonalanga ziye e-Ukraine eminyakeni embalwa edlule kanye nokunethezeka kukahulumeni wase-Ukraine kulo mkhuba. Ulayini wethegi odumile wakwa-FEMEN uthi “I-Ukraine Ayiyona Indawo Yezifebe!” Okwenza i-FEMEN ibe nengxabano ngamaqhinga abawasebenzisayo ukuze kubhekwe lezi zinkinga. Lokhu kufaka phakathi imidlalo yaseshashalazini enobunqunu obuyingxenye noma obuphelele kanye nezingubo ezivusa inkanuko. Ezigabeni zokuqala zenhlangano ye-FEMEN lokhu kudonsele ukunaka kwabezindaba kazwelonke, ikakhulukazi e I-Kyiv Post futhi Ukrainian Business News. Kamuva nje, i-FEMEN ithole ukunakwa kwabezindaba zomhlaba wonke kusukela ekushicilelweni kwesiJalimane Isibuko, kanye nezincwadi zase-US ezifana ne-AlterNet, i-Huffington Post, i- Christian Science Monitor, kanye nebhulogi ye-World Affairs Journal.
Amaqhinga e-FEMEN aphikisanayo aye abizwa izingqapheli eziningi zangaphandle nezinhlangano zabesifazane ngokuthi “azinabesifazane.” Urszule Nowakowska, umqondisi weSikhungo Samalungelo Abesifazane saseWarsaw, ePoland, Ubeke amazwana, “Uma kukhona isimo sengqondo esingesihle mayelana nokulwela amalungelo abantu besifazane ezweni, ngicabanga ukuthi izindlela ezinjalo ezivusa inkanuko zingase zibe nomthelela omubi nakwabesifazane.” I-FEMEN ngokwayo iyayilahla ilebula yabesifazane. Lapho ebuzwa ukuthi i-FEMEN iyinhlangano yabesifazane, umholi waleli qembu, u-Anna Hutsol, oneminyaka engu-26 ubudala ovame ukubhala nge-FEMEN I-Kyiv Post, waphendula, “Cha. Sisebenzisa i-eroticism endleleni yethu kanye nokugqoka kwethu. Lokho akuvunyelwe yi-feminism.” Noma kunjalo noma mhlawumbe ngenxa yale mpikiswano, i-FEMEN idale uthuthuva e-Ukraine - ingasaphathwa emhlabeni jikelele.
I-FEMEN yinhlangano ezimele kwezombusazwe. Amalungu ayo abuthana ezindaweni zokudlela futhi abonisana ngemikhankaso emisha, enze izingqwembe, futhi aklame amapheshana. I-FEMEN iphinde ithembele kakhulu kuma-imeyili nezingosi zokuxhumana ukuze ixhumane. Ekuqaleni kwayo i-FEMEN yayiyinhlangano encane, yendawo, yabesifazane abasuka emazingeni aphansi ebonakala ingakwazi ukuba nomthelela emphakathini wase-Ukraine futhi ingelona usongo kuhulumeni wase-Ukraine. Nokho, eminyakeni emibili edlule FEMEN ukhule waba inhlangano yamalungu acishe abe ngu-300 (ikakhulukazi izishoshovu zabafundi) enesisekelo sosekelo se-imeyili ne-inthanethi esilinganiselwa ku-25,000. Ubulungu be-FEMEN ngokuyinhloko ngabafundi besifazane basenyuvesi futhi banebhodi eliphezulu elinamalungu ayi-5. Uxhaso lwemisebenzi ye-FEMEN luvela iminikelo yamalungu. Imali eyengeziwe ivela kulokho i-FEMEN ichaza ngokuthi labo “abasondelene nathi: bayasisiza, bathanda imibono yethu futhi bayikhulule.”
Omunye wemibhikisho yokuqala ye-FEMEN wenzeka ngoJulayi 2008. Ukubhikisha ngokumelene nokwanda kokuvakasha kocansi kwaseNtshonalanga e-Ukraine, lo mbukiso wabantu abangu-50 wawuhlanganisa abafundi basekolishi besifazane abayisishiyagalombili ababegqoke izingubo ezigqamile kanye nohlu lwabadansi besilisa be-ballet abagqoke njengezimpimpi ezisudi eziwubukhazikhazi. Ukuthatha ukunaka kwabezindaba bendawo i-FEMEN ikwazile ukuletha emphakathini wase-Ukraine imiphumela yokuhwebelana kwezomnotho kwe-neoliberal emphakathini wasekhaya.
E-Ukraine, ukuvakasha ngocansi (ukuhamba uyokwenza ucansi okudayisa) ngokungangabazeki kuwubudlelwane obuziqinisayo phakathi kwabesilisa abafuna izifebe nabesifazane abenza umsebenzi wocansi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amadoda aseNtshonalanga, ngokuvamile avela kwa-Israyeli naseTurkey, asizakala ngezimfuneko zama-visa ezikhululekile kanye nezindiza ezishibhile okwenza i-Ukraine ibe indawo ethandwayo yokuvakasha ngocansi. Okwezwe imali ebuthaka - ilahlekelwe cishe amaphesenti angama-40 yenani layo uma iqhathaniswa nedola kanye ne-Euro - nayo inomthelela ekukhuphukeni kwezokuvakasha ngocansi e-Ukraine. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abesifazane abasebasha abazabalaza ukuze baphile emphakathini wezinzalamizi oqinile, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima zomnotho, bakhetha ukudayisa ngomzimba phakathi kwezinketho ezilinganiselwe kakhulu. Ngokuvamile laba besifazane abasebasha bakhetha umsebenzi wocansi njengendlela yokuxhasa izifundo zabo. Ngokocwaningo lwesayensi yezokuhlalisana kwabantu oluhlola imboni yocansi e-Ukraine, izinombolo ezingekho emthethweni ziphakamisa ukuthi zikhona cishe 250,000 izifebe e-Ukraine. Ngokwe-Kyiv International Institute of Sociology (KIIS) cishe oyedwa kwabayisishiyagalombili odayisa ngomzimba ungumfundi wasenyuvesi. Nokho, u-Anna Hutsol we-FEMEN uthi amanani aphakeme kakhulu e-Kyiv, elinganisela ukuthi amaphesenti angu-60 abaqwayizi angabafundi basemanyuvesi. Ngokusho kwabasebenzi bosizo lwe-UN kanye ne-US (kanye nezifebe ngokwazo) “ukushushumbiswa kobulili edolobheni [i-Odessa] sekusukile ekubeni imboni eqhutshwa ukwesaba kwaya koqhutshwa ukuhlanganyela ngokuzithandela, uma kuphelelwe yithemba.” Abesifazane base-Ukraine babhekene nesiphithiphithi esibophezelayo sokubekezelelana ngokobulili emphakathini wase-Ukraine oboshwe nokungavikeleki kwezomnotho okubhebhezelwa ukuhwebelana kwezomnotho kwe-neoliberal. Lesi simo esibucayi lapho abesifazane base-Ukraine bazithola sebekulungele ukuphinde baxhashazwe noma lokho isishoshovu uVandana Shiva esikubiza ngokuthi “i-fascism ephindwe kabili yokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke.” I-fascism yezomnotho ecekela phansi amalungelo abantu kanye ne-fascism eyisisekelo edla ukufuduka nokuphucwa kwabo. Kulokhu uhulumeni wase-Ukraine usesebenzise ngokugcwele abesifazane bakhe njengenzuzo yokuncintisana ezimakethe zomhlaba.
E-Ukraine, njengasezweni elaliyiSoviet Union, ukubusa ngentando yeningi kwakucatshangwa ukuthi kudinga ukwamukelwa ngokugcwele kwemakethe, ngokwengxenye njengendlela yokugomela ngokuthi kwakungeyona iRussia. Akumangazi ukuthi uguquko lwawo lusuka emnothweni ophakathi ukuya emnothweni wemakethe luphawulwe ukungazinzi kwezomnotho nezepolitiki. Encwadini yakhe, I-Ukraine Iba Kanjani Umnotho Wezimakethe kanye Nentando Yeningi, U-Anders Ashland uchaza ukuthi ngemva kweminyaka ecishe ibe yishumi yokwakha kuzwelonke, i-Ukraine yaba yizwe lokugcina langemva kobukhomanisi ukwenza izinguquko ezinkulu kwezomnotho ezimakethe. Njengoba isihloko siphakamisa i-Ashland ixhumanisa umnotho wemakethe yase-Ukraine nentando yeningi iphakamisa ukuthi ukwamukelwa kwezinqubomgomo zezomnotho ze-neoliberal kuhambisane nokukhula kwentando yeningi e-Ukraine. Nakuba i-Ashlund ivuma ukuthi lolu shintsho “lube nesiyaluyalu” nokuthi intando yeningi yase-Ukraine “intekenteke,” iqiniso liwukuthi izinqubomgomo zezomnotho ze-neoliberal zaletha imiphumela eyingozi emphakathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eyenziwa yinkohlakalo futhi ngokuvamile ngokunganaki inkululeko yomphakathi, intando yeningi yase-Ukraine ingachazwa njengengekho emthethweni. Kodwa-ke, i-Ukraine isazabalaza ukusungula intando yeningi ezinzile kanye nomnotho wezimakethe oqhudelanayo emhlabeni jikelele. Ukubheka emuva kafushane emzabalazweni wezepolitiki nezomnotho wase-Ukraine, nokho, kuyasiza ukubeka lesi simo esikhona njengamanje esimweni.
Ngokwezibalo ezinikezwe encwadini ka-Ashland, kusukela ngo-1990 kuya ku-1994, eminyakeni emithathu nje ngemva kwenkululeko, i-GDP yase-Ukraine yehla cishe ngamaphesenti angu-48. Ngalesi sikhathi cishe amaphesenti angu-15 kuphela e-GDP yase-Ukraine ayevela ezinkampanini ezizimele. Abanye kakhulu bebeqhamuka emkhakheni kahulumeni, umkhakha kahulumeni ohlinzeka ngezenhlalakahle nezinsiza ezakhamuzini zawo. Njengoba umnotho wase-Ukraine wehla ngokushesha, uhulumeni wamukela izigidigidi zamaRandi emalimboleko evela ku-IMF phakathi nawo wonke ama-1990. Ngaphansi kosongo lokuhoxiswa koxhaso lwezezimali, i-Ukraine, ngaphansi kwe-IMF, yaphoqeleka ukuthi ivume izinguquko ezinqala zesakhiwo okuhlanganisa ukuncishiswa kwezikhungo zikahulumeni kanye nokwenziwa kwezimboni ezizimele. Ukungacaci kahle kusuka ekuvaleni amabhizinisi kahulumeni kanye nokuguqukela emnothweni wezimakethe ezizimele kwadala isikhala esaholela ekukhuleni kweminotho eyithunzi kanye namanethiwekhi obugebengu bamazwe ngamazwe asebenza ngokuhlanganyela nezinye izinhlaka zobugebengu zangemva kweSoviet Union. Ngalesi sikhathi umnotho ongaphansi komhlaba unyuke usuka kumaphesenti ayi-12 wafinyelela kumaphesenti angama-46 we-GDP, okuhlanganisa nobufebe, izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nokushushumbiswa kwabesifazane ngenjongo yokuthengisa ucansi. Njengoba amanetha okuphepha komphakathi esusiwe futhi umnotho usawohloka kakhulu kwezomnotho i-Ukraine yazithola inenani labantu abasha abangasebenzi elingamaphesenti angama-25.6, izinga lobumpofu elicishe libe ngamaphesenti angama-26 kanye nezinga lokuphila elehla ezakhamuzini eziningi zase-Ukraine.
Ngo-2004 i-Ukraine yathola indawo yayo njengomnotho oholwa ukuthekelisa ofinyelela izinga lokukhula ngamaphesenti ayi-12, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokwenyuka kwamanani entengo ensimbi emazweni ngamazwe. Kepha umnotho wase-Ukraine, kanye nowomhlaba wonke, waphinde wawela enkingeni ejulile yezomnotho ngo-2008.
Ngokwezombangazwe, ngo-2004 izakhamuzi zase-Ukraine zabekela inselele intando yeningi yazo ebuthakathaka, zaqala lokho okwakwaziwa ngokuthi i-Orange Revolution, uchungechunge lwemibhikisho kazwelonke emelene nenkohlakalo enkulu kanye nokukhwabanisa kwabavoti okwagcina kuholele okhethweni “olukhululekile nolungachemile”. U-Alexexander Motyl une ukuphakanyiswa ukuthi i-FEMEN ingenye yezinhlangano ezisemazingeni aphansi eziyinzalo yobuhlakani namasiko ye-Orange Revolution. Kuvele ukuthi kubhekwane nezinkinga ezibhekene nabesifazane base-Ukraine, abahlukumezeke ngendlela exakile ngesikhathi umnotho uguquguquka.
Njengesisulu sezinguquko zezomnotho ze-neoliberal kanye ne-patriarchy kazwelonke, abesifazane - ngokuvamile abesifazane abafundile - balahlekelwa imisebenzi kanye nokuvikeleka kwabo kwezomnotho ngobuningi. Njengoba bebhekene namazinga aphezulu okuntuleka kwemisebenzi, imiholo ephansi kanye nezindleko zokuphila ezifana nezaseNtshonalanga Yurophu, ukukhetha kwabesifazane kulinganiselwe esigabeni esiphansi somphakathi. Ngenxa yalokho, abesifazane base-Ukraine ezinkulungwaneni baba yizisulu zabashushumbisi ukuze baxhashazwe ngokocansi, noma ngokuzithandela bathathe amathuba abo embonini yocansi phesheya, ikakhulukazi eNtshonalanga Yurophu. I-International Office of Migration ilinganisela ukuthi ngo-1998 cishe abesifazane abangu-420,000 2006 base beshushumbisiwe bephuma e-Ukraine. Ngo-XNUMX, i-Ukraine yasungulwa izwe lesibili eliphezulu lendabuko kwabathengisa ngocansi abavela kwamanye amazwe e-EU. Njengoba amanethiwekhi obugebengu bamazwe ngamazwe akhula, ukushushumbiswa kwabesifazane kwaba ibhizinisi lezohwebo elinenzuzo ngenxa “yezikweletu” ezatholwa abesifazane ekuhwebeni kwabo, ukuthengisa kwabo nokudayiswa kabusha kanye nemali ethunyelwayo ebuyiselwa emindenini yabo. Ngo-2008, nokho, isikhundla sase-Ukraine wehlele ku-4 ohlwini lwamazwe okudabuka kuwo abathengisa ngocansi abavela kwamanye amazwe e-EU. Ngokusho kwe-TAMPEP International Foundation, ehlele umsebenzi wocansi eYurophu kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, incazelo okungenzeka yalokhu ukuthi abathengisa ngomzimba base-Ukraine phesheya babuyele ekhaya embonini yocansi echumayo kanye (uma kuqhathaniswa) enenzuzo enkulu e-Ukraine namuhla. NgokweBhange Lomhlaba iGross National Income (GNI) yase-Ukraine ingu-$2,800 ngonyaka. Kusukela ngo-2008 ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi e-Ukraine lenyuke ngamaphesenti angama-50 futhi amazinga obumpofu alokhu ephezulu ngendlela emangalisayo. Umsebenzi wocansi wabesifazane abasebasha base-Ukraine unikeza inketho enenzuzo enkulu. Ngokwesilinganiso amanani ububanzi kusukela ku-$20 ngocansi lomlomo kuya ku-$5,000 kumakhasimende e-VIP - izinsizakalo ezijwayelekile landa cishe ama-$100 kuya ku-$300. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo ugqozi lokungena embonini yocansi, kungaba sekhaya noma phesheya, luphezulu. Mayelana nokuthuthukiswa komnotho wasekhaya, uhulumeni wase-Ukraine, vele, uyangena.
Ngo 2007, 23 million abokufika wavakashela e-Ukraine, akhuphuka ngamaphesenti angu-22 kusukela ngo-2006. Kusukela ngo-2008 kuya ku-2009 leli nani anda ngezigidi ezimbili. Ukulinganisa kuphinde kuphakamise ukuthi inzuzo evela embonini yezocansi yase-Ukraine inakho cishe kabili, kusukela ku-$700 million kuya ku-$1.5 billion. Inhlanganisela yemali ebuthakathaka, amanani aphezulu okuntuleka kwemisebenzi nobumpofu, izindiza ezishibhile kanye nemingcele ekhululekile empeleni kudale “indawo ebamba ukushisa” ezokuvakasha ngocansi e-Ukraine kanye nokuthuthuka komnotho wezwe ebelilokhu lintenga kusukela ngo-2008. Njengoba uHutsol echaza, “ Inkinga yayiyimbi ngaphambi kwenhlekelele, kodwa manje iyadlondlobala.” Inzuzo kuhulumeni wase-Ukraine ukuthi ubufebe abukho ngabodwa. Ingxenye yezokuvakasha iletha imali yezinkampani zezindiza, amahhotela, ama-nightclub, izindawo zokudlela, amabhizinisi endawo kanye nokunye. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kudayiswa ngenye indlela, ukudayisa ngomzimba e-Ukraine akukho emthethweni kodwa umthetho awuvamile ukuphoqelelwa. Ngokuvamile ama-pimps ajabulela a ubudlelwane be-semiofficial ngokuphoqelela umthetho wendawo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukusinda kwezomnotho kwe-Ukraine emnothweni wezimakethe zomhlaba kuya ngokuya kuncika ekusebenziseni abesifazane bayo - abamhlophe, abamhlophe nabafunwa kakhulu - njengenzuzo yokuncintisana emhlabeni jikelele kanye nemboni yocansi njengohlelo olusemthethweni lwezomnotho lokukhula nentuthuko - a. into engakaze yenzeke uma kubhekwa lokho okwenzeka eThailand ngawo-1990. I-FEMEN iyakubona lokhu; kodwa-ke, abagxilile kakhulu emiphumeleni yezomnotho futhi baphikisana kakhulu nokuvakasha kocansi ngenxa yezinkinga zomphakathi kanye nemiphumela yokugula okudalwe emphakathini wase-Ukraine, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abasha.
Ngokusho kukaHutsol, abesifazane base-Ukraine sebevele belinganiswa nobufebe phesheya. Lokhu, kuhambisana nedumela lase-Ukraine njengendawo ephambili yezivakashi zocansi, kuholele ekucabangeni okungekuhle ngabesifazane base-Ukraine bebonke. Ucwaningo olwenziwe yi-FEMEN kanye ne-KIIS lubonise lokho 2 kwabesifazane abangu-3 e-Kyiv abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-17 no-22 babecelelwa ucansi kumuntu wangaphandle. U-Hutsol uthi,
“Angisakwazi nokubala ukuthi kukangaki ngikhuluma nentombazane eyaphathwa udoti yisivakashi socansi esinqume ukuthi i-Ukraine iyindawo yaso siqu yokudlala. Kungase kuphenduke ukuhlukunyezwa emgwaqweni. Manje-ke angikhulumi ngabafokazi abeza lapha bezosebenza noma bezofunda noma yini, ngikhuluma ngalabo bantu abafika ngamabomu lapha ukuze basizakale ngabesifazane. Sinamaqembu ezinsizwa zaseTurkey ezithethisa ngokoqobo abesifazane emgwaqweni.”
Elinye lamaqhinga e-FEMEN wukubhekana ngenkuthalo namadoda angaphandle, abizwa nge-sexpats, abeza e-Ukraine ezocansi. Ngesikhathi u-Hutsol ebuzwa ukuthi kungani i-FEMEN ibhekana namadoda angaphandle emgwaqeni impendulo kwakuwukuthi, “Ngoba abantu bezinye izizwe babhekene nathi!” Amanye amaqhinga asetshenziswe yi-FEMEN ahlanganisa ukugqokisa umfaniswano wamaphoyisa omgunyathi oveza izinduku nezihlangu ezishaya inhlekisa (kuhlanganise nezintatheli) ukuze balingise ukuziphatha kwamaphoyisa noma ukugqoka imifaniswano yesikole ewubudlabha nokuba amadoda agqoke okothisha ashaye izinqe ukuze amele ukuphathwa kabi kwabafundi. . ABESIFAZANE futhi wabhikisha emcimbini obukhuthaza isiko lase-Iran ngokumelene nesigwebo sokufa ngamatshe esinikezwe owesifazane wase-Iran ngokuphinga. Amalungu e-FEMEN ahlubule, ajikijela ngamatshe phansi, aphinde amemeza iziqubulo eziphikisana nalokhu akubiza ngokubulala okugunyazwe yinkantolo. Muva nje, i-FEMEN yenza isiteji umbukiso we-anti-Putin edolobheni laseKiev ukuphikisana nokuxhashazwa kweRussia kwemithombo yase-Ukraine. Ababhikishi bebethwele isifuba bephethe izimpawu ezithi “Awukwazi Ukusibhebha” kanye nokuthi “Asigobi Kalula Lokho.” U-Hustol uthi leli yisu elisebenzayo; “Kudala abantu bakhulume. Isithombe sethu se-sexy sidala inkulumo-mpikiswano. Kumele kube nenkulumompikiswano uma uzoqhubekela phambili.” Umbuzo uthi: ingabe indlela ye-FEMEN yokungahloniphi abesifazane iyasebenza?
Eminyakeni emibili edlule impumelelo ye-FEMEN ekuqwashiseni ngokwanda kwezokuvakasha ngocansi e-Ukraine incike kumaqhinga amabili. Esokuqala ukuveza kwabo okushaqisayo nokunempikiswano esidlangalaleni kokubhikisha nokumelana. Okwesibili kwaba yisinqumo sabo sokubhekana nezindaba zamazwe ngamazwe ezithola ukunakwa kwemithombo yezindaba yomhlaba wonke ye-FEMEN eyabuyela ezindabeni zasekhaya. Lokhu kwaphoqa uhulumeni wase-Ukraine ukuthi azithathele phezulu, nakuba lokhu bekungekuhle. Ngokusho kwe- ucezu op-ed ebhalwe ku-Kyiv okuthunyelwe ngu-Hutsol ngokwakhe, izishoshovu eziningi ze-FEMEN ziye zahlukunyezwa futhi zasongelwa yi-Security Services yase-Ukraine (SBU). Amaqhinga ka-FEMEN nawo, ngesinye isikhathi, aphoqelele uhulumeni wase-Ukraine ukuthi achaze isenzo sakhe ephendula ukugxekwa kwamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokwesibonelo, uNdunankulu Mykola Azarov waphoqeleka ukuba azichaze ngemuva kombhikisho we-FEMEN ngaphandle kweKhabhinethi yoNgqongqoshe bephikisana nekhabhinethi yakhe yabo bonke abesilisa bethi sinake ukuntuleka kwezikhundla zokuhola kwabesifazane kuhulumeni. Naphezu kwale mpumelelo, i-FEMEN isempambanweni yezindlela. Abakwazi ukukhumula izingubo zabo unomphela - isikhundla i-FEMEN futhi esiqaphelayo.
Ukuxoxa ngokuthi amaqhinga ama-FEMEN angafanele yini akulungile. Iphuzu elibalulekile ukuthi i-Ukraine inomshoshaphansi ojulile ngentando yeningi ebuthakathaka nekhohlakele. Ukwahlulela AMA-FEMEN ngezinga laseNtshonalanga kuwukuthatha ngokuthi banegunya lezomnotho nelepolitiki lokuphishekela amaqhinga avamile abakhetha ukuweqa. Lokhu akunjalo. Njengabesifazane abalwela ukuthi izinketho ze-FEMEN zithinte uguquko zilinganiselwe. Basebenzisa abakwaziyo. Iphuzu manje, nokho, ukuthi yini okufanele bayenze ngamandla abawasebenzisile kanye nokunaka kwabezindaba zomhlaba wonke abakuzuzile? I-FEMEN ine uzwakalise intshisekelo ekuguquleni bona babe yiqembu lezombusazwe kanye nokungenela izihlalo zephalamende ngo-2012 ukuze kuthinte uguquko ngaphakathi.
Lokhu kuveza ngokungangabazeki ukungqubuzana phakathi kwenhlangano efuna ukuba umnyakazo woshintsho oluyisisekelo naleyo efuna ukuba yingxenye yezinsiza zikahulumeni. Igeja ithuba elingumlamuli lezinguquko: ithuba lokugomela ukulawulwa komphakathi kanye nokunciphisa imithelela yemakethe esimweni somuntu. Inketho engcono ukuthi i-FEMEN inamathele kokunye kwayo imigomo yasekuqaleni namanje akukagcwaliseki. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuzakha njengenhlangano yomphakathi enendawo yokwamukela izivakashi ephumelelayo kanye nokubambisana namazwe ngamazwe nezinhlangano zabesifazane ukwenza izinhlelo e-Ukraine.
Karie A. Gubbins uyi-Ph.D. ozokhethwa ku-Global Affairs e-Rutgers University kanye noProfessor Oyi-Adjunct eMnyangweni Wezifundo Zabesifazane Nobulili e-William Paterson University. Incwadi yakhe, The Uhwebo Lomhlaba Wonke Locansi: Ezomnotho, Ezombusazwe kanye Nezibaloe iphuma kuPluto Press. Lesi siqeshana siyingxenye yomsebenzi omkhulu wezinhlangano ezimelene nasendaweni ekwandeni kobufebe, ukushushumbiswa kwabantu ngocansi kanye nokuvakasha ngocansi okulethwa amamodeli okuthuthukiswa komnotho we-neoliberal.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela