[I-Aso Mining Company ibikhiqiza amalahle ukuze iqhubekisele phambili intuthuko yaseJapan iminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-70 ngesikhathi kuzalwa u-Aso Taro, ungqongqoshe wamanje wezangaphandle waseJapan ngo-1940. imboni iphendukela eKorea, i-Allied POW kanye nezisebenzi eziphoqelelwe zaseShayina. Izisebenzi zaseKorea ezingaba ngu-10,000 zasebenza kanzima ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle ze-Aso Mining. Ngaphezu kwalokho, manje sekuvela ukuthi iziboshwa zempi ezingama-300 Ezihlangene zenza umsebenzi ophoqelelwe eKamu Legatsha le-Fukuoka POW No. 26, elaziwa kangcono ngokuthi imayini yamalahle i-Aso Yoshikuma. Izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zeziboshwa kwakungabase-Australia; ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kwakungamaNgisi; ababili babengamaDashi. Akekho noyedwa kulawa madoda angama-300, noma ama-10,000 amasosha aseKorea, owake wathola inkokhelo ngomsebenzi wawo noma ukuxolisa noma yisiphi isinxephezelo esivela kwa-Aso Mining noma izinkampani ezilandela esikhundleni sayo, noma kuhulumeni waseJapan noma ungqongqoshe wakhe wezangaphandle ohlezi ekhona.
Ukungaguquki okubandayo kuyingxenye yephethini esungulwe kahle. Sekuyiminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha izwe laseJapane nezinkampani zenqaba ukuxolisa noma ukukhokha izinxephezelo kunoma imaphi amakhulu ezinkulungwane zamaKorea kanye namashumi ezinkulungwane zama-Allied POWs namaShayina aba yizisulu zemisebenzi ephoqelelwe yezinkampani phakathi nesikhathi sempi saseJapane. Kuncane kakhulu okwaziwayo mayelana nezigidi zalabo ababizwa ngokuthi โama-romusha,โ ama-Asiya asebenzela umbuso wamaJapane ngokungahambisani nentando yawo ezindaweni eziningi zase-Asia Pacific, ngemva kokukhululwa ejokeni lobukoloniyali baseNtshonalanga.
U-Aso Taro, ngemuva kokuhola ibhizinisi lomndeni iminyaka eminingi yawo-1970, walandela isiko lomndeni futhi wangena kwezombusazwe, wagcina eseyisikhulu sezwe lakhe - kanye nesazi esihamba phambili se-neonationalist esifuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba semthethweni kwezinhloso nokuziphatha kwaseJapan ngesikhathi soMhlaba. Impi Yesibili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungomunye wabaholi abahamba phambili abazongena esikhundleni sikaKoizumi Junichiro lapho esethatha umhlalaphansi njengondunankulu ngoSepthemba.
Umehluko ekusingatheni kwaseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika ukuphathwa ngempoqo nezinye izindaba eziqhubekayo ngeMpi Yezwe II kuyafundisa. IJalimane ikhethe indlela yokubuyisana ngokulungisa ngokuqhubekayo ama-akhawunti omsebenzi ophoqelelwe ngesikhathi sempi. Isisekelo esithi โIsikhumbuzo, Isibopho Nekusasaโ sasungulwa ngo-2000, ngoxhaso lwamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha olunikezwa uhulumeni wobumbano waseJalimane kanye namabhizinisi ezimboni angaphezu kuka-6. Njengoba izinkokhelo zokunxeshezelwa seziya ngasekupheleni ngasekupheleni kuka-6,500, cishe izigidi eziyi-2005 izisulu zokusetshenzwa ngempoqo noma izindlalifa zabo bathole ukuxolisa komuntu ngamunye kanye nesinxephezelo esingokomfanekiso esingafika ku-$1.6. Ngokufanayo, i-Austrian Reconciliation Fund muva nje iqede ukukhokhela izisebenzi ezingaba yizigidi ezingu-10,000 kuya kwezingu-350 132,000, noma imikhaya yazo, ephoqwe ukuba isebenze kanzima ngenxa yempi yamaNazi kulelozwe. Kusukela maphakathi nawo-1990, amabhange aseSwitzerland naseFrance nezinkampani zomshwalense zakhokha imali eshisiwe yezimpahla ezaphangwa izisulu zokuQothulwa Kwesizwe. Ngo-1988, i-US Congress kanye nePhalamende laseCanada baxolisa ngokusemthethweni kanye nesinxephezelo somuntu ngamunye sika-$20,000 kubantu baseJapane ababevalelwe phakathi nempi.
Namuhla izishoshovu zaseShayina, eKorea, eNtshonalanga naseJapan zifuna ukuba iqiniso elingokomlando lokusatshalaliswa kwemisebenzi ephoqelelwe yizwe lase-Japan kanye nemboni ezimele liqashelwe ngokwethembeka futhi lilungiswe. Ulwazi luyisihluthulelo salokhu kunyakaza kokunxeshezelwa kwamazwe ngamazwe, futhi isihloko esingezansi sika-Christopher Reed, sidweba iminikelo yabacwaningi baseJapane nabamazwe ngamazwe, siyaphumelela ukwenza lokho abezindaba baseJapane abahluleke njalo ukukwenza. U-Reed unikeza i-akhawunti ecacile yezibopho ezijulile zomndeni wakwa-Aso emsebenzini ophoqelelwe kanye nobuholi bomuntu siqu buka-Aso Taro benkampani. Ngesikhathi sokushuba kwezingxabano zesifunda, okubhebhezelwa nguNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle uqobo, uReed ubuza umbuzo ophusile: ingabe u-Aso Taro ukulungele ukuhola ukusungulwa kwenqubomgomo yezangaphandle yaseJapan? - UWilliam Underwood]
Nakuba izitatimende zika-Aso Taro zasesidlangalaleni njengongqongqoshe wezangaphandle zikhulise ukungezwani phakathi kweTokyo nayo yonke i-Asia, ukuxhumana komndeni nokusebenza ngempoqo ngesikhathi sempi kuye kwaphakamisa imibuzo eyengeziwe mayelana nekhono lakhe lokwengamela ubudlelwano obuhle nomakhelwane baseJapan.
Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, inkampani yezimayini yomndeni wakwa-Aso yasebenzisa izinkulungwane zamaKorea njengezisebenzi eziphoqelelwe. Leli fa lamaKorea, amaShayina kanye nabanye abantu base-Asia bephoqwa ukuba basebenze njengezigqila esifundeni sonke eminyakeni engaphezu kwamashumi ayisithupha edlule selibe yinkinga ekugcinweni kwe-Tokyo kobudlelwano obujwayelekile bezokusebenzela e-East Asia. Ukuqwashisa ngeqiniso lokuthi i-300 Allied POWs nayo yenze umsebenzi ophoqelelwe emayini yamalahle e-Aso manje isakazeka emazweni aseNtshonalanga.
Isizinda somndeni ka-Aso, kanye nokwenqaba kwakhe ukukhuluma nalolu daba, kuholele ekutheni abanye baphakamise ukuthi isikhundla sakhe njengongqongqoshe wezangaphandle asivumelekile.
Khonamanjalo, ucwaningo lwakamuva olwenziwa yiqembu lezazi-mlando e-Kyushu lunikeze imininingwane emisha ngeqhaza lomndeni wakwa-Aso ekusebenziseni umsebenzi waseKorea ngaphambi nangesikhathi sempi. Izisebenzi zasemgodini zaseKorea, ngokusho kwezazi-mlando, zazikhokhelwa kancane, zondliwa kancane, zisebenza ngokweqile, futhi zivaleleke endaweni yokuswela. Bephoqeleka ukuba basebenze kanzima ngaphansi komhlaba, babegadwe onogada amahora angu-24 ngosuku. Ukukhululwa kwabo kwafika kuphela lapho iJapane yehlulwa ngo-1945.
U-Aso ngokwakhe waphatha inkampani yeFukuoka kusukela ngo-1973-79, lapho engena kwezombusazwe. Ngaleso sikhathi akazange akhulume ngomlando wayo wokusebenzisa umsebenzi ophoqelelwe, futhi kusukela lapho, ngenkathi eqhubeka nokugcina ubuhlobo bakhe nefemu. Lesi simo sibikezela impikiswano engaba khona yokuthi ku-65, u-Aso unezaba zokuhlukana kwesizukulwane.
UKUSABELA KWAJALIMANE
Ngokusho kwesikhulu seNxusa LaseJalimane eTokyo, sikhuluma ngokuqonda kokungaziwa, kuyilapho uhlu lozalo ngokwalo lungeke lubanjwe ngokumelene nomuntu esizweni sakubo, izenzo zika-Aso lapha zimenza ungqongqoshe wezangaphandle ongafaneleki ngezindinganiso zaseJalimane. "Ngenxa yokuthi ukuxhumana komndeni ka-Aso kumnike ithuba lokubhekana namaphutha enkampanini, futhi akazange akwenze lokho," kanye namazwana "abonakala evikela izinqubomgomo zobugebengu zesikhathi esidlule," u-Aso "wayengeke amukeleke" esikhundleni. njengongqongqoshe wezangaphandle. "Angase angene ephalamende," kusho lesi sikhulu, "kodwa hhayi kuhulumeni." UMnyango Wezangaphandle eTokyo awuzange uphendule imibuzo ngalolu daba.
Ungqongqoshe wezangaphandle waseShayina, u-Li Zhaoxing, naye usanda kucaphuna ukudideka kwesikhulu sikahulumeni waseJalimane โngesenzo esiwubuwulaโ sikandunankulu wase-Japan u-Koizumi Junichiro eqhubeka nokuvakasha kwakhe endaweni engcwele yase-Yasukuni e-Tokyo, lapho kugcinwe khona izigebengu zempi ze-Class-A eziyi-14. Umholi waseJalimane, isikhulu sikahulumeni satshela uLi, akasoze akhulekela emangcwabeni ka-Adolf Hitler noma agwebe izigebengu zempi zamaNazi.
Imicabango enjalo evela kumaJalimane iqiniswa ukusekela kuka-Aso ubukhosi bobuhlanga baseJapane, njengoba kuboniswe enkulumweni yakhe yokuvulwa kwe-Kyushu National Museum eFukuoka ngo-Okthoba odlule. Khona-ke, wachaza iJapane ngokuthi โisizwe esisodwa, impucuko eyodwa, ulimi olulodwa, isiko elilodwa, uhlanga olulodwa, okungekho olunye olufana nalo emhlabeni.โ Kwakuwumbono owawunanela inkathi yobufascist yaseJapane ka-1930-45.
Izazi zemithombo yezindaba zaseJapan zizwakalise ukukhathazeka ngokuntuleka kwemibiko enemininingwane mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezinkampani ngempoqo eJapan, kanye nendima yomndeni ka-Aso ikakhulukazi. โNjengoba u-Aso engenele ukhetho lokuba undunankulu ngoSepthemba, isimo sakhe sengqondo nokuziphatha kwakhe kuyizindaba zezombusazwe,โ kusho uHanada Tatsuro waseTokyo University. "Umbuzo weziqu zakhe uyisifundo esibalulekile okufanele sivulelwe umphakathi waseJapan." U-Hanada kanye no-Ofer Feldman, umbhali kanye nesazi sezombangazwe sase-Japan, basola uhlelo lwekilabhu yabezindaba yase-Japan, lapho izintatheli zithula khona ngezindaba eziyimpikiswano ezingase zilimaze abathintwayo bazo, ngokuthula kwabezindaba ekuxhumekeni kwe-Aso.
UMLANDO WENKAMPANI
Ibhizinisi lomndeni wakwa-Aso lokumba amalahle lihlehlela emuva ngekhulu le-19 ezizindeni zamalahle ezicebile zase-Kyushu eChikuho eFukuoka. Ukhokho ka-Aso, uTakakichi, wasungula le nkampani ngo-1872. Ngesinye isikhathi yayinemigodi engaphezu kwengxenye yeshumi nambili e-Kyushu futhi yayiyinkampani enkulu kunazo zonke ezintathu zomkhaya ezazimba indawo ekhiqiza ingxenye โyedayimane elimnyamaโ laseJapane.
Udaba lokuxhumana komndeni kangqongqoshe wezangaphandle nokusebenza kwezigqila zaseKorea ngesikhathi sempi seluvele lwavela emihlanganweni phakathi kweJapan neSouth Korea. UChoi Bong Tae, oyilungu lekhomishana yamazwe amabili ecwaninga ngodaba lokusebenzisa abantu ngempoqo, utshele abezindaba ngoNovemba ukuthi uhlangothi lwaseJapan aluzange lunikeze imininingwane ngenkampani i-Aso kanye nezinye eziziqambile. Umkhulumeli we-Aso Group, inkampani elandela i-Aso Mining, uthe kuzoba nzima ukunikeza imininingwane enjalo njengoba amarekhodi engatholakali kusukela kudala.
Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo olwenziwa izazi-mlando zase-Kyushu lunikeze ulwazi olusha ngeqhaza lomndeni wakwa-Aso ekuxhaphazeni abasebenzi baseKorea ngaphambi nangesikhathi sempi. U-Hayashi Eidai, u-Ono Takashi, noFukudome Noriaki, bonke asebethathe umhlalaphansi, basebenzise izinsiza zomtapo wolwazi ezisemthethweni nezasendaweni ukuze baqoqe izibalo zangaleso sikhathi kanye nemibiko mayelana nokusebenza kwezimayini zomndeni wakwa-Aso, ezinye zazo uHayashi azishicilela ezincwadini.
Ngokwezibalo zenkampani uqobo, ngo-March 1944, izimayini ze-Aso zase zinenani lezisebenzi zaseKorea ezingu-7,996, okwakusanda kushona ezingu-56 kuzo. Abangaba ngu-4,919 bakwazile ukubalekela umbuso wezisebenzi. Kulo lonke elaseFukuoka, isibalo sababaleki sifinyelela kumaphesenti angama-51.3 ezisebenzi eziphoqelelwe. Kwa-Aso Mines, isibalo sasingu-61.5%, "ngoba irekhodi labo lalibi kakhulu," kusho uFukudome. Idatha ehlanganiswe ngabathathu be-Kyushu ibonisa ukuthi abasebenzi baseKorea e-Aso Mines bakhokhelwa ingxenye yesithathu ngaphansi kwezisebenzi zaseJapane ezilinganayo ukuze bambe amalahle. Yafinyelela kumayen angama-50 ngenyanga, kodwa ngaphansi kwama-yen ayi-10 ngemuva kokuthathwa okuyimpoqo kokudla, izingubo zokugqoka, izindlu kanye nokonga okuphoqelelwe. Ukonga okuphoqiwe, ukudikibalisa imizamo yokubaleka, ngokuvamile kuhlala kungakhokhelwa. Abasebenzi basebenze kanzima amahora angu-15, izinsuku eziyisikhombisa ngesonto, ngaphandle kwamaholide. Uthango oluphakeme lwamamitha amathathu olufakwe ngocingo oluhlabayo olufakwe ugesi lukhala umjikelezo.
Ngo-1939, uhulumeni waseJapane waphasisa umthetho we-National General Mobilization, owaphoqelela zonke izikhonzi zamakoloni, kuhlanganise namaKorea, nalezo zaseTaiwan naseManchuria, ukuba zisebenze nomaphi lapho kudingwa khona iTokyo. Izazi-mlando zase-Kyushu zibhale iqiniso lokuthi i-Aso Mining ibithumela izisebenzi zaseKorea e-Kyushu maphakathi nawo-1930s, ngaphambi kokuba kuphasiswe umthetho. Nakuba izinombolo ezinembile zingatholakali, izisebenzi ezilinganiselwa ku-12,000 400 zadlula kule nkampani, ezinye zadingeka ngenxa yesiteleka sabasebenzi basezimayini abangu-1932 ngo-1939. Ngemva kuka-XNUMX, izazi-mlando zibala, inani labantu base-Asia ababesebenza ngempoqo kuso sonke isifunda saseChikuho landa laba ngaphezu kwesigidi. .
Iqembu le-Aso selishintshe amagama izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa kwathi ngo-2001 langena ebhizinisini neLafarge Cement yaseFrance, okuyinkampani enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni eyakha usimende. Umfowabo omncane ka-Aso u-Yutaka wahlala engumongameli walokho okwaba yi-Lafarge Aso Cement Co. NgoDisemba odlule, inxusa laseFrance eTokyo laklomelisa u-Yutaka iLegion d'Honneur ekwamukelweni kwe-champagne. Izivakashi ezihlonishwayo kwakungu-Aso Taro nomkakhe, uChikako.
IMVELAPHI YOMNDENI
Kwabonakala kuwukuhlonipha umkhaya owawucwile emasikweni amuva nje ezicukuthwane zaseJapane. U-Aso ungumsizi womndeni wabantu abahlonishwayo emhlabeni wonke ngekhulu le-19. Ukhokho wakhe ukhokho, u-Okubo Toshimichi, umsamurai, wayengomunye wezikhulu ezinhlanu ezinamandla ezahola ukuketulwa kuka-1868 kwenkathi yamashogunate eyaqala ezikhathini zanamuhla eJapane. U-Aso Taro waphothula eNyuvesi yaseGakushuin, efundisa umndeni waseJapan ngokwesiko, wachitha isikhathi eLondon University, wajoyina lokho okwakuthiwa yi-Aso Industries, futhi ngokushesha waba umqondisi. Ngokufanelana nabanduleli bakhe abazalwa kakhulu, wajoyina iqembu laseJapan elidubula izibhamu kuma-Olympics e-1976 eMontreal.
Umkhulu ka-Aso, u-Yoshida Shigeru, wasebenza njengondunankulu wase-Japan izikhathi ezinhlanu phakathi kuka-1946 no-1954. Umuntu ozimele, olungele umndeni wakwa-Aso, wenza ukukhishwa kwe-"reds" yama-1950 ezinyunyana zezimayini zamalahle. U-Chikako wengeza ebuhleni bezinga eliphezulu lomndeni njengendodakazi ka-Suzuki Zenko, undunankulu we-Liberal Democratic Party kusukela ngo-1980-82.
Kukhona ngisho isixhumanisi sasebukhosini. Udadewabo ka-Aso uNobuko ushade neNkosana uTomohito waseMikasa, umzala wombusi, muva nje ezihlokweni zokuphikisa kwakhe owesifazane ohlezi esihlalweni sechrysanthemum. UTomohito wasikisela ukuba kuqhutshekwe nohlu lwabesilisa ngokusebenzisa izancinza, isiko lasebukhosini elalizobuyisela iJapane emakhulwini eminyaka ambalwa.
Ngomlando wakhe wezihlobo ezazisezikhundleni eziphezulu zezombusazwe, u-Aso ulandela kokubili isiko kanye nohlobo lokucabanga olungashintshile amashumi amaningi eminyaka. Kuhlanganisa nondunankulu ngokwakhe, iKhabhinethi likaKoizumi linamadoda ayisithupha ahlobene ngokuqondile nondunankulu bangaphambili, ongqongqoshe bakahulumeni, noma amalungu eDiet. Owesikhombisa, uyise kangqongqoshe wesifunda uChuma Koki, wayeyimeya yase-Osaka. Umkhulu noyise kaKoizumi babeyizikhonzi, futhi umzala wakhe engumshayeli wendiza ye-kamikaze owajuba waze wafa ngo-1945. Uhlanganyela ubuhlobo 'bomoya waphezulu' nonobhala omkhulu wekhabhinethi u-Abe Shinzo, kodwa uyise oqeqeshwe nge-kamikaze akazange abaleke. Kunalokho uqoke waba ngungqongqoshe wezangaphandle kusukela ngo-1982-86.
U-Abe, ohamba phambili esikhundleni sikaKoizumi njengondunankulu ngekwindla ezayo, futhi ungumzukulu kaKishi Nobusuke, owachitha iminyaka emithathu ejele laseSugamo njengomsolwa wobugebengu bempi be-Class-A. Ngokumangazayo, uKishi uqhubekile waba ngundunankulu kusukela ngo-1957-60, lapho avimba khona imizamo yezishoshovu zaseJapan kanye neDiet uqobo ukuthola amarekhodi kahulumeni mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwabantu ngempoqo kwamaShayina - ubugebengu bempi uKishi uqobo asize ukuba bube khona njengongqongqoshe wekhabhinethi ngesikhathi sempi. ophethe ukukhiqizwa kwezomnotho kanye nezikhali. (Ukuze uthole imininingwane bheka umbiko wangaphambilini we-Japan Focus: Umsebenzi Ophoqelelwe WaseShayina, Uhulumeni WaseJapan kanye Namathemba Okulungisa.)
Lezi zindawo ezingemuva zingasiza ukuchaza isimo sengqondo esikhiqize uchungechunge lwezinkulumo ezivusa inkanuko, zentsha ka-Aso, njengesimangalo senkulumo yasemnyuziyamu mayelana nokuhluka kwase-Japan. Lokhu kuthukuthelise omakhelwane baseJapan, ikakhulukazi iShayina kanye namaKorea, ngokuphindaphinda kwabo izimo zengqondo zobukoloni. Ukuphawula kwasemnyuziyamu akuzange kushaye indiva imvelaphi yangempela yobuhlanga yaseJapane, kanye nokuntula kwayo ukufana abaningi abathi ngamanga. U-Aso ubonakale enganakile ukuba khona kwabomdabu bezwe lakhe, i-Ainu yaseHokkaido, enezinto eziphilayo ezihlukahlukene ngokomzimba, kanye nabantu base-Okinawa. Zombili lezi zizwe zinezilimi zazo, futhi izazi ze-anthropologists kanye nezazi zemivubukulo sekuyisikhathi eside zivuma ukuthi amaJapane asezwekazini avela ezindaweni eziningana zase-Asia.
I-NEONATIONALIST AGENDA
U-Aso usanda kuthi amaKorea aguqule amagama awo aba ngamaJapane ngaphansi kombuso wamakoloni yiTokyo kusukela ngo-1910-45, akwenza ngokuzithandela. Lokhu kwawushaya indiva umthetho owashaywa iJapane owawuwaphoqelela ukuba enze kanjalo futhi wabeka izinhlawulo nokucindezela okuqondile kulabo abenqabayo. Ekuqaleni kukaFebruary wenezela ukuthi izindinganiso zemfundo ephakeme zamanje zaseTaiwan ziwumphumela wemfundo eyimpoqo, โinto enhleโ eyabekwa iJapane phakathi nokubusa kwayo kobukoloni kulesi siqhingi kusukela ngo-1895-1945.
Umlandeli oshisekayo wokuhlonipha abashonile empini yaseJapan eYasukuni, u-Aso ubonakale weqa okwamukeleka kozakwabo be-LDP ngoJanuwari. Wathi uMbusi u-Akihito kufanele avakashele indawo engcwele, kodwa lokhu kwabukelwa phansi ngokushesha ozakwabo bezombangazwe ababefisa ngokusobala ukuzihlukanisa neqembu ekunxuseni kwakhe. Umbusi wamanje akakaze avakashele u-Yasukuni futhi ukuqhubeka nokungabi khona kwakhe ngokuqinisekile (nakuba kungashiwongo esidlangalaleni) kuhlobene nezigebengu zempi, ezazigcinwe - igama elingcono lingase "lingcweliswe" ngenxa yesimo sabo saphezulu "kami" - ngo. Yasukuni kusukela ngo-1978. Umbusi ongasekho u-Hirohito akazange avakashele indawo engcwele ngemva kwalokho.
Ungqongqoshe Wezangaphandle u-Aso uphinde wasekela esidlangalaleni imnyuziyamu yase-Yushukan, ehlangene ne-Yasukuni futhi ngokuziqhenya ithuthukisa ukulandisa komlando okubukeziwe. I-Yushukan, eyalungiswa kabusha ngo-2002, idumisa ukuziphatha kwempi yaseJapane ngokusebenzisa izinsalela ezifana nesitimela esivela kumzila wesitimela wase-Thai-Burma owaziwayo, ukwakhiwa okuphoqelelwe okwabangela ukufa kweziboshwa zempi eziyi-16,000 kanye nama-Asiya angu-100,000.
Amazwi ka-Aso aphikelelayo avusa inkanuko ashukumisela i- New York Times, ngendlela engavamile, ukuba ihlele ngokumelene no-Aso ngo-February 13. Ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi โUngqongqoshe Wezangaphandle Ocasulayo waseJapane,โ leli phephandaba lammangalela ngokuthi โakathembekile futhi akahlakaniphile ezitatimendeni ezivusa amadlingozi mayelana nenhlekelele yaseJapane. inkathi yezempi, ubukoloni kanye namacala empi afinyelela umvuthwandaba ngeMpi Yezwe Yesibili.โ Yanezela ukuthi โinkulumo yeningi eJapane nezifundo zomlando wesimanje ezikoleni zayo azikaze zivumelane kahle nesibopho sezwe sezehlakalo ezimbi njengokuthunjwa kwabantu abaningi kanye nokugqilazwa ngokobulili kwabesifazane abasebasha baseKorea, ukuhlolwa kwempi yemvelo okwenziwa emadolobheni aseShayina. neziboshwa zempi ezingenakuzisiza, nokubulawa okudabukisayo kwezinkulungwane zezakhamuzi zaseChina edolobheni laseNanjing [December 1937-February 1938].โ
Mhlawumbe bekuwukwengamela ukuthi i-Times ayizange ikhulume ngokuphoqelelwa komsebenzi we-serf ohlwini lwayo lobugebengu bempi yaseJapane, kodwa njengawo wonke amanye amaphephandaba amakhulu ajwayelekile akunaki ukubandakanyeka komndeni wakwa-Aso kulokhu. Ngiqale ngachaza kabanzi ngezimo ezimayini ze-Aso zezisebenzi zaseKorea eziphoqiwe (futhi, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ngithole, iziboshwa zempi zaseBrithani nezase-Australia) ngoFebruwari 2 e-CounterPunch, iwebhusayithi ye-inthanethi yezombusazwe ezinze e-US. Kusukela lapho njengentatheli esebenzayo, ngizamile ukushicilela imininingwane ezincwadini ezihlukahlukene ezivamile, ngaphandle kwempumelelo.
UKUNGABI NAMANDLA KWABEZINDA
Ukwenqaba noma ukuthula kubingelele imizamo yami ku-New York Times, Los Angeles Times, Le Monde, Washington Post, Toronto Star, Globe and Mail eCanada, i-Sydney Morning Herald, i-Age of Melbourne, i-Australian, izindaba ze-Bulletin yase-Australia, kanye ne-Observer kanye ne-New Statesman yase-UK (cishe bonke abawaziyo ngomsebenzi wami). Ukwenqatshwa eJapan kwavela kuShukan Kinyobi, Shukan Post, Shukan Sekai, kanye neShinchosa. Okuwukuphela kwayo okwathatha i-Sisa Journal yaseNingizimu Korea. Isihloko sami esibhalwe kabusha se-CounterPunch sabe sesinyatheliswa kumagazini ka-April we-Number 1 Shimbun, ukushicilelwa kwezindaba kwanyanga zonke kwe-Foreign Correspondents' Club yase-Japan, lapho ngiyilungu khona. Lokhu kufundwa izikhulu zezikhungo zawo wonke amaphephandaba amakhulu neziteshi zethelevishini ezimelwe eJapane, kanye nezintatheli eziningi zaseJapane. Nokho ngiqhubekile nokungezwa lutho kwaze kwaba yilapho uzakwethu engiphakamisa ukuthi ngithinte iJapan Times. Yamukele i-athikili yami ye-Aso futhi yayisebenzisa ngo-Ephreli 25.
Le akhawunti yokwenqatshwa kokuhlela ayikona ukukhononda komlobi wezindaba (ngike ngashicilelwa futhi ngisaqhubeka nokushicilelwa futhi ngisakazwa kwenye indawo), kodwa ukuqonda okubalulekile kwezimo zengqondo zabezindaba kulezi zikhathi. Abanye abahleli bawuchithile โumbonoโ wami ngokuthi kwakuyizindaba ezindala. Lokhu kwakungelona iqiniso. Nakuba imithombo yezindaba efana ne-BBC nama-ejensi yenze izinkomba ezidlulayo mayelana nokubandakanyeka kwezigqila ze-Aso, lezi bekungesimo sezinsolo ezenziwa eSouth Korea, futhi azithathanga isikhala esingaphezu kwesigaba. Ukuxoshwa okunjalo empeleni kwakuyisizathu esishiywe yisikhathi sokungabaza ukujula ehlazweni lesikhulu sezombangazwe (esilondolozayo) e-Asia. Iqiniso liwukuthi ayikho neyodwa imithombo yezindaba eyinhloko yaseJapane noma yangaphandle eshicilele i-akhawunti enemininingwane yokuxhumana kukangqongqoshe wezangaphandle wase-Japan emsebenzini wezigqila ngesikhathi sempi yase-Japan, naphezu kokutholakala kwayo kalula.
Sonke lesi siqephu siqinise umbono owakheke ngemuva nje kokubuyela eJapan ngonyaka odlule ngemuva kokunyamalala iminyaka engu-30. Ayikaba โentshonalangaโ futhi ibe nenkululeko, njengoba abaningi abahlaziyi, ikakhulukazi ngasohlangothini lwebhizinisi, bethanda ukufaka isicelo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ubuzwe bakhona bobuzwe obusekela amalungelo abantu kanye nokucindezelwa kwezindaba ezingafanele kuyavela futhi. Nokho ngaleso sikhathi lapho izingqapheli kufanele ziqaphe kakhulu, ziyehluleka emsebenzini wazo wokuhlolisisa.
Ngawo-1970, thina babhali bezincwadi abasha eTokyo sasingazi kakhulu ngomlando onyantisayo waseJapane kanye nesandla sayo sensimbi kulo lonke elase-Asia. Igama elithi "colonialism" nelithi "fascism" awakaze ashiwo. Isinqumo se-US Occupation sokuhlanza uMbusi u-Hirohito sasihlobene kakhulu nalokhu, ngoba ukukhulula indoda ephezulu kwenza kwaba yingozi ukuhlala kulokho okwenzeka ngaphansi kombuso wakhe omkhulu. Manje njengoba iqiniso selivele kakhulu, abahlaziyi baseNtshonalanga bangaphansi kwelinye ithonya elizibonakalisa ngendlela efanayo. Balulaza okwedlule okubi kwe-Japan ngalesi sikhathi, hhayi njengezaba noma ukuphambukisa inkulumo-ze yeMpi Yomshoshaphansi esondelayo ngokumelene nobukhomanisi baseSoviet, kodwa njengezaba noma ukuphambukisa okungenzeka kube yiMpi Yomshoshaphansi yase-Asia. Akukho okumele kuphazamise i-diatribes esanda kwenziwa ngokumelene ne-China njengosongo lwakamuva โlobukhomanisiโ ezweni elikhululekile โ โusongo olukhuluโ lwalo emazwini ka-Aso.
Ukwakhiwa kwale nkulumo-ze yamanje kusanda kufakwa u-Kawata Takuji, isekela lomhleli wezindaba zomhlaba wonke we-Yomiuri. Enguqulweni yansuku zonke yesiNgisi yango-April 28, wakhononda ngesimo sengqondo saseShayina โesiphakemeโ kubakhulekeli baseJapane baseYasukuni abasezikhundleni eziphezulu. Alikho nelilodwa igama elivela eKawata elikhuluma ngengxenye yekhulu leminyaka lapho iJapane yabulala, yaphanga, yadlwengula, futhi yacekela phansi iChina, futhi okusafanele ihlawulele noma ilungisele khona. Akazange futhi akhulume ngokuthambekela okwandayo eJapane kokuphika ukuthi lezo zenzakalo zenzeke.
Angizange ngilindele nomzuzu owodwa lapho ngibuyela eJapane ngemva kweminyaka engu-30 ukuthi isithiyo esikhulu ekujabuleleni ubudlelwano obujwayelekile bamazwe angaphandle obunokuthula kuyoba ukwenqaba ukubhekana ngokuphumelelayo nezinto ezesabekayo eyazenza eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-60 edlule. Nokho kunjalo. Isihloko ngeke sisuke, kodwa sikhule sibe sikhudlwana. Eqinisweni, uNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle u-Aso ubonakala enza konke okusemandleni akhe ukugcina inqubo iqhubeka.
Lokhu ukunwetshwa kwesihloko kuThe Japan Times, 25 April 2006. UChristopher Reed uyintatheli yaseBrithani ezimele ehlala eJapan, lapho aqala khona ukuba yintatheli ngeminyaka yawo-1970. Wasebenza iminyaka eminingi njengomlobi eCalifornia we-Guardian of Britain.
Ucwaningo luka-Wes Injerd ngamakamu e-Allied POW e-Japan luyatholakala kuye Iwebhusayithi.
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